Solution Manual for College Algebra 5th Edition by Beecher Penna

and Bittinger ISBN 032196957X 9780321969576

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Chapter 2
More on Functions 6. a) For x-values from 1 to 4, the y-values increase from 2 to
11. Thus the function is increasing on the interval (1,
Exercise Set 2.1 4).
b) For x-values from −1 to 1, the y-values decrease from 6
1. a) For x-values from −5 to 1, the y-values increase from −3 to 2. Also, for x-values from 4 to ∞, the y-values decrease
to 3. Thus the function is increasing on the interval (−5, from 11 to −∞. Thus the function is decreasing on (−1, 1)
1). and on (4, ∞).
b) For x-values from 3 to 5, the y-values decrease from 3 c) For x-values from −∞ to −1, y is 3. Thus the func-
to 1. Thus the function is decreasing on the inter-val (3, tion is constant on (−∞, −1).
5).
c) For x-values from 1 to 3, y is 3. Thus the function is 7. The x-values extend from −5 to 5, so the domain is [−5, 5].
constant on (1, 3). The y-values extend from −3 to 3, so the range is [−3, 3].

2. a) For x-values from 1 to 3, the y-values increase from 1 8. Domain: [−5, 5]; range: [1, 4]
to 2. Thus, the function is increasing on the interval (1, 9. The x-values extend from −5 to −1 and from 1 to 5, so the
3). domain is [−5, −1] ∪ [1, 5].
b) For x-values from −5 to 1, the y-values decrease from 4 The y-values extend from −4 to 6, so the range is [−4, 6].
to 1. Thus the function is decreasing on the interval
(−5, 1). 10. Domain: [−5, 5]; range: [1, 3]
c) For x-values from 3 to 5, y is 2. Thus the function is 11. c) For x-values from 2 to 3, y is 2. Thus the function is The x-values extend from −∞ to ∞, so the domain
constant on (3, 5). is
3. a) For x-values from −3 to −1, the y-values increase from constant on (2, 3).
−4 to 4. Also, for x-values from 3 to 5, the y-values
increase from 2 to 6. Thus the function is increasing on 5. a) For x-values from −∞ to −8, the y-values increase from −∞
(−3, −1) and on (3, 5). to 2. Also, for x-values from −3 to −2, the y-values increase
b) For x-values from 1 to 3, the y-values decrease from 3 from −2 to 3. Thus the function is increasing on (−∞, −8)
to 2. Thus the function is decreasing on the inter-val (1, and on (−3, −2).
3). b) For x-values from −8 to −6, the y-values decrease from
c) For x-values from −5 to −3, y is 1. Thus the func-tion 2 to −2. Thus the function is decreasing on the interval (−8,
is constant on (−5, −3). −6).
c) For x-values from −6 to −3, y is −2. Also, for x-values from
4. a) For x-values from 1 to 2, the y-values increase from 1 to −2 to ∞, y is 3. Thus the function is constant on (−6, −3) and
2. Thus the function is increasing on the interval (1, 2). on (−2, ∞).

c) For x-values from −5 to −2, the y-values decrease from

3 to 1. For x-values from −2 to 1, the y-values decrease
from 3 to 1. And for x-values from 3 to 5, the y-values
decrease from 2 to 1. Thus the function is decreasing on
(−5, −2), on (−2, 1), and on (3, 5).
 The graph starts falling, or decreasing, from the left and stops
(−∞, decreasing at the relative minimum. From this point, the graph
∞). increases. Thus the function is increasing on (1, ∞) and is
The y-values extend from −∞ to 3, so the range is (−∞, 3]. decreasing on (−∞, 1).
15. From the graph we see that a relative maximum value of the
12. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: (−∞, 11] function is 2.370. It occurs at x = −0.667. We also see that a
relative minimum value of 0 occurs at x = 2.
13. From the graph we see that a relative maximum value of The graph starts rising, or increasing, from the left and stops
the function is 3.25. It occurs at x = 2.5. There is no increasing at the relative maximum. From this point it
relative minimum value. decreases to the relative minimum and then increases again.
The graph starts rising, or increasing, from the left and stops Thus the function is increasing on (−∞, −0.667) and on (2, ∞).
increasing at the relative maximum. From this point, the It is decreasing on (−0.667, 2).
graph decreases. Thus the function is
16. From the graph we see that a relative maximum value of
increasing on (−∞, 2.5) and is decreasing on (2.5, ∞). 2.921 occurs at x = 3.601. Arelative minimum value of
14. From the graph we see that a relative minimum value of 2 0.995 occurs at x = 0.103.
occurs at x = 1. There is no relative maximum value.

Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

58
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions 58

The graph starts decreasing from the left and stops de-creasing 20. y

at the relative minimum. From this point it in-creases to the 5

relative maximum and then decreases again. Thus the function
4
is increasing on (0.103, 3.601) and is de-creasing on (−∞, 3

0.103) and on (3.601, ∞). 2

1

17. y
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5 x

5 –2

4 –3 f (x ) = | x + 3 | — 5
3 –4

2 f (x ) = x 2 –5
1

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5x Increasing: (−3, ∞)
–2
–3 Decreasing: (−∞, −3)
–4
–5
Maxima: none
Minimum: −5 at x = −3
The function is increasing on (0, ∞) and decreasing on (−∞, 0). 21. y
We estimate that the minimum is 0 at x = 0. There are no
5
maxima.
4

18. y 3
2
5 1
4 f (x ) = 4 — x 2
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –11 2 3 4 5 x
3
–2 f ( x ) = x 2 — 6x + 10
2
–3
1
–4

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5x –5

–2
–3
–4
The function is decreasing on (−∞, 3) and increasing on (3, ∞).
–5 We estimate that the minimum is 1 at x = 3. There are no
maxima.
Increasing: (−∞, 0) 22. y

Decreasing: (0, ∞) f (x ) = — x
10 2
—8x—9
8
Maximum: 4 at x = 0 6
Minima: none 4
2

–10 –8 –6 –4 –2 –2 2 4 6 8 10 x
19. y

5 f (x ) = 5 — | x | –4
4
–6
3
–8
2
1 –10

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 –1 1 2 3 4 5x Increasing: (−∞, −4)

–2
–3 Decreasing: (−4, ∞)
–4
–5
Maximum: 7 at x = −4
Minima: none
The function is increasing on (−∞, 0) and decreasing on (0, 23. If x = the length of the rectangle, in meters, then the
∞). We estimate that the maximum is 5 at x = 0. There are no 480 − 2x
minima.
width is 2 , or 240 − x. We use the formula Area = length × width:
A(x) = x(240 − x), or
A(x) = 240x − x2

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Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
59
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions 59

24. Let h = the height of the scarf, in inches. Then the length 1
3d 2
of the base = 2h − 7. = s

1 7
12
A(h) = 2 (2h − 7)(h)
s · 3d = 7 · 1
2
7 12 2

A(h) = h −2h sd 7
25. We use the Pythagorean theorem. 4 =2
[h(d)]2 + 35002 = d2 d = 4 · 7 , so
[h(d)] 2 = d 2 − 35002 s 2
h(d) = √ d2 − 35002 14
We considered only the positive square root since distance d(s) = s .
must be nonnegative. 30. The volume of the tank is the sum of the volume of a sphere
with radius r anda right circular cylinder with radius r and
26. After t minutes, the balloon has risen 120t ft. We use the height 6 ft.
V (r) = 4 πr 3 + 6πr2
Pythagorean theorem.
2 2 2
[d(t)] = (120t) + 400 3
d(t) = (120t)2 + 4002 31. a) After 4 pieces of float line, each of length x ft, are
We considered only the positive square root since distance used for the sides perpendicular to the beach, there
must be nonnegative. remains (240−4x) ft of float line for the side parallel
to the beach. Thus we have a rectangle with length
27. Let w = the width of the rectangle. Then the 240 − 4x and width x. Then the total area of the
length = 40 − 2w , or 20 − w. Divide the rectangle
three swimming areas is
into 2
2

quadrants as shown below. A(x) = (240 − 4x)x, or 240x − 4x .

b) The length of the sides labeled x must be positive

and their total length must be less than 240 ft, so
4x < 240, or x < 60. Thus the domain is
{x|0 < x < 60}, or (0, 60).
c) We see from the graph that the maximum value of
the area function on the interval (0, 60) appears to
be 3600 when x = 30. Thus the dimensions that
yield the maximum area are 30 ft by 240 − 4 · 30, or
240 − 120, or 120 ft.
20 – w
w 32. a) If the length = x feet, then the width = 24 − x feet.
A(x) = x(24 − x)
In each quadrant there are two congruent triangles. One
A(x) = 24x − x2
triangle is part of the rhombus and both are part of the
rectangle. Thus, in each quadrant the area of the rhombus b) The length of the rectangle must be positive and
is one-half the area of the rectangle. Then, in total, the less than 24 ft, so the domain of the function is
area of the rhombus is one-half the area of the rectangle. {x|0 < x < 24}, or (0, 24).
1 c) We see from the graph that the maximum value of
A(w) = 2 (20 − w)(w) the area function on the interval (0, 24) appears to
2
w
A(w) = 10w − 2 be 144 when x = 12. Then the dimensions that yield
the maximum area are length = 12 ft and width =
46 − 2w 24 − 12, or 12 ft.

28. Let w = the width, in feet. Then the length = , 29. We will use similar triangles, expressing all
2
or 23 − w. 1 s
distances in feet. 6 in. = ft, s in. = ft, and
A(w) = (23 − w)w d yd = 3d ft
A(w) = 23w − w2 We

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Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
60
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions 60

have 2 12
33. a) When a square with sides of length x is cut from
each corner, the length of each of the remaining sides
of the piece of cardboard is 12 − 2x. Then the di-
mensions of the box are x by 12 − 2x by 12 − 2x. We
use the formula Volume = length × width × height
to find the volume of the box:
V (x) = (12 − 2x)(12 − 2x)(x)
V (x) = (144 − 48x + 4x2 )(x)
V (x) = 144x − 48x2 + 4x3
This can also be expressed as V (x) = 4x(x − 6)2 , or
V (x) = 4x(6 − x)2 .

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Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
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Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions
60

b) The length of the sides of the square corners that 1

are cut out must be positive and less than half the 39. f (x) = 2 x, for x < 0,

length of a side of the piece of cardboard. Thus, the x + 3, for x ≥ 0

domain of the function is {x|0 < x < 6}, or (0, 6). We create the graph in two parts. Graph f (x) = 1 x for
c) We see from the graph that the maximum value of 2
the area function on the interval (0, 6) appears to inputs x less than 0. Then graph f (x) = x + 3 for inputs
be 128 when x = 2. When x = 2, then 12 − 2x = x greater than or equal to 0.
12 − 2 · 2 = 8, so the dimensions that yield the
maximum volume are 8 cm by 8 cm by 2 cm.

4
2
34. a) V (x) = 8x(14 − 2x), or 112x − 16x2
14
4 2
b) The domain is x 0 < x < 2 , or 2
{x|0 < x < 7}, or (0, 7).
c) The maximum occurs when x = 3.5, so the file 4
should be 3.5 in. tall.

x + 4, for x ≤ 1, 1
35. g(x) =
8 − x, for x > 1 40. f (x) = − 3 x + 2, for x ≤ 0,
Since −4 ≤ 1, g(−4) = −4 + 4 = 0. x − 5, for x > 0

4
Since 3 > 1, g(3) = 8 − 3 = 5.
2

3, 42 24 x

f 2

or x ≤ −2, 4

2 x + 6, for x > −2 − 3 x + 2, for x < 4,

f (−5) = 3 41. f (x) =4
f (−2) = 3 −1, for x ≥ 4
1
We create the graph in two parts. Graph
f (0) = 2 · 0 + 6 = 6 3
f (x) = − 4 x + 2 for inputs x less than 4. Then graph
f (2) = 2 · 2 + 6 = 7 f (x) = −1 for inputs x greater than or equal to 4.

37. h(x) = 1, for −5 ≤ x < 1, y

4
Since −5 is in the interval [−5, 1), h(−5) = 1.
Since 1 ≥ 1, h(1) = 1 + 2 = 3. 4 2 2 4 x
2
Since 4 ≥ 1, h(4) = 4 + 2 = 6.
4

−5x − 8, for x < −2,

1 42. h(x) = 2x − 1, for x < 2
38. f (x) =
2 x + 5, for −2 ≤ x ≤ 4, 2 − x, for x ≥ 2
10 − 2x, for x > 4 y

Since −4 < −2, f (−4) = −5(−4) − 8 = 12. 4

1 2

1
Since 4 is in the interval [−2, 4], f (4) = 2 · 4 + 5 = 7.
Copyright c
Since 6 > 4, f (6) = 10 − 2 · 6 = −2.
 61
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions
61

4 2 2 4x
2
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4
61
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions
61

x2 − 9
x + 1, for x ≤ −3, , for x = −3,
46. f (x) = x+3
43. f (x) = −1, for −3 < x < 4 5, for x = −3

12 x, for x ≥ 4 y

We create the graph in three parts. Graph f (x) = x + 1 for 4

inputs x less than or equal to −3. Graph f (x) = −1 for inputs 2
greater than −3 and less than 4. Then graph
4 2 2 4 x
f (x) = 1 x for inputs greater than or equal to 4. 2

4
y 6

2 2, for x = 5,

42 24 x 47. f (x) = x2 −

2 for x = 5
25
x−5 ,
4
When x = 5, the denominator of (x2 − 25)/(x − 5) is
nonzero so we can simplify:
x2− 25 (x +5)(x− 5)
4, for x ≤ −2, = = x + 5.
44. f (x) = x + 1, for −2 < x < 3 x−5 x−5
−x, for x ≥ 3 Thus, f (x) = x + 5, for x = 5.
y The graph of this part of the function consists of a line
with a ―hole‖ at the point (5, 10), indicated by an open
4 dot. At x = 5, we have f (5) = 2, so the point (5, 2) is
2
y
4 2 24 x
2
4
2
1 8 4
2 x − 1, for x < 0, 4

8
45. g(x) = 3, for 0 ≤ x ≤ 1

−2x, for x > 1 x 2 +3x + 2

1 , for x = −1,

48. f (x) = x+1

We create the graph in three parts. Graph g(x) = 2 x − 1
for inputs less than 0. Graph g(x) = 3 for inputs greater 7, for x = −1
than or equal to 0 and less than or equal to 1. Then graph
g(x) = −2x for inputs greater than 1.
8

y 6
4
4
2 2

42 24 x 4 2
2
4

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Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions
62

49. f (x) = [[x]] See 52. f (x) = 21 [[x]] − 2

Example 9.
This function can be defined by a piecewise function with an
infinite number of statements:
.
.
.
−2 21 , for −1 ≤ x < 0,
−2, for 0 ≤ x < 1,
f (x) = −1 21 , for 1 ≤ x < 2,
−1, for 2 ≤ x < 3,
.
50. f (x) = 2[[x]] .
.
This function can be defined by a piecewise function with an
infinite number of statements:
y
.
. 4
h(x) q x 2
. 2
−4, for −2 ≤ x < −1,
−2, for −1 ≤ x < 0,
42 2 x
f (x) = 0, for 0 ≤ x < 1, 2

2, for 1 ≤ x < 2, 4
.
.
. 53. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and
the range is (−∞, 0) ∪ [3, ∞).
y 54. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: (−5, ∞)
6
55. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and
4
the range is [−1, ∞).
2
56. Domain: (∞, ∞); range: (−∞, 3)
4 2 4 x
57. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and the
f (x) 2 x range is {y|y ≤ −2 or y = −1 or y ≥ 2}.
58. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: (−∞, −3] ∪ (−1, 4]
51. f (x) = 1 + [[x]]
59. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and
This function can be defined by a piecewise function with an the range is {−5, −2, 4}. An equation for the function is:
infinite number of statements:
−2, for x < 2,
.
f (x) = −5, for x = 2,
. 4, for x > 2
.

−1, for −2 ≤ x < −1, 60. Domain: ( −∞ , ∞); range: {y |y = −3 or y ≥ 0}

0, for −1 ≤ x < 0,
−3, for x < 0,
f (x) = 1, for 0 ≤ x < 1, g(x) =
x, for x ≥ 0
2, for 1 ≤ x < 2,
. 61. From the graph we see that the domain is (−∞, ∞) and the
range is (−∞, −1] ∪ [2, ∞). Finding the slope of each segment and
.
using the slope-intercept or point-slope for-mula, we find that an
. equation for the function is:
y x, for x ≤ −1,
g(x) = 2, for −1 < x ≤ 2,
4
x, for x > 2
2
This can also be expressed as follows:
4 24 x x, for x ≤ −1,
2 g(x) = 2, for −1 < x < 2,
4 g(x) 1 x x, for x ≥ 2
63
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions
63

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63
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions 63

62. Domain: (−∞, ∞); range: {y|y = −2 or y ≥ 0}. An equation for y − y1 = m(x − x1 )
the function is:
y − 1 = − 81 [x − (−1)]
h(x) = |x|, for x < 3,
−2, for x ≥ 3 y − 1 = − 81 (x + 1)
This can also be expressed as follows:
y − 1 = − 18 x − 18
−x, for x ≤ 0,
h(x) = x, for 0 < x < 3,
y = − 18 x + 87
−2, for x ≥ 3
It can also be expressed as follows: 68. 2x − 9y + 1 = 0
2x + 1 = 9y
−x, for x < 0,
h(x) = x, for 0 ≤ x < 3, 2x+ 1 =y
−2, for x ≥ 3 9 9
2 1
63. From the graph we see that the domain is [−5, 3] and the Slope: 9 ; y-intercept:0, 9
range is (−3, 5). Finding the slope of each segment and using
the slope-intercept or point-slope formula, we find that an 69. a) The function C (t) can be defined piecewise.
equation for the function is: 3, for 0 < t < 1,
6, for 1 ≤ t < 2,
x + 8, for −5 ≤ x < −3,
9, for 2 ≤ t < 3,
h(x) = 3, for −3 ≤ x ≤ 1,
C (t) = .
3x − 6,for 1 < x ≤ 3
.
64. Domain: [−4, ∞); range: [−2, 4] .
−2x − 4, for −4 ≤ x ≤ −1,
We graph this function.
f (x) = x − 1, for −1 < x < 2,
2, for x ≥ 2
This can also be expressed as:
−2x − 4, for −4 ≤ x < −1,
f (x) = x − 1, for −1 ≤ x < 2,
2, for x ≥ 2

65. f (x ) = 5x2 − 7
a) f (−3) = 5(−3)2 − 7 = 5 · 9 − 7 = 45 − 7 = 38
b) f (3) = 5 · 32 − 7 = 5 · 9 − 7 = 45 − 7 = 38
c) f (a) = 5a2 − 7 b) From the definition of the function in part (a), we
see that it can be written as
d) f (−a) = 5(−a)2 − 7 = 5a2 − 7
C (t) = 3[[t]] + 1, t > 0.
66. f (x ) = 4x3 − 5x
70. If [[x + 2]] = −3, then −3 ≤ x + 2 < −2, or −5 ≤ x
a) f (2) = 4 · 23 − 5 · 2 = 4 · 8 − 5 · 2 = 32 − 10 = 22 < −4. The possible inputs for x are
b) f (−2) = 4(−2)3 − 5(−2) = 4(−8) − 5(−2) = −32 + 10 = {x| − 5 ≤ x < −4}.
−22 71. If [[x]]2 = 25, then [[x]] = −5 or [[x]] = 5. For
c) f (a) = 4a3 − 5a −5 ≤ x < −4, [[x]] = −5. For 5 ≤ x < 6, [[x]] = 5. Thus,
the possible inputs for x are
d) f (−a) = 4(−a)3 − 5(−a) = 4(−a3 ) − 5(−a) = −4a3 + 5a {x| − 5 ≤ x < −4 or 5 ≤ x < 6}.
72. a) The distance from A to S is 4 − x.
67. First find the slope of the given line.
8x − y = 10 Using the Pythagorean theorem, we find that the distance from S to C is √1 + x2 .

8x = y + 10 √
Then C (x) = 3000(4 − x)+ 5000 1 + x2 , or 12, 000 −
8x − 10 = y √
3000x + 5000 1 + x2 .
The slope of the given line is 8. The slope of a line per- b) Use a graphingAcalculator to graph y = 12, 000 − 3000x + 5000 1 + x2
√
pendicular to this line is the opposite of the reciprocal of in a window such as
[0, 5, 10, 000, 20, 000], Xscl = 1, Yscl = 1000. Using
8, or − 81 . the MINIMUM feature, we find that cost is mini-
mized when x = 0.75, so the line should come to
shore 0.75 mi from B.
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64
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions 64

73. a) We add labels to the drawing in the text. 3. (f − g)(−1) = f (−1) − g(−1)

E = ((−1)2 − 3) − (2(−1) + 1)
= −2 − (−1) = −2 + 1
= −1
4. (f g)(2) = f (2) · g(2)
D
10
= (22 − 3)(2· 2 + 1)
h
= 1·5=5
1 f −1
2
C 5. (f /g) −2 = 1
A r B 6–r
6 g − 2
1 2

We write a proportion involving the lengths of the − 2 −

sides of the similar triangles BC D and AC E. Then =
3
we solve it for h.
h 1
=
10 2 − 2 +1
6−r 6
1
h = 106 (6 − r) = 53 (6 − − 3

=4
r) h = 30 − 5r −1 + 1
− 11
= 4
3 0
30 − 5r
Thus, h(r) = .
1
3 Since division by 0 is not defined, (f /g)
− 2 does not
b) V = πr2 h exist.
30− 5r
V (r) = πr2 Substituting for 6. (f − g)(0) = f (0) − g(0)
h
3 = (02 − 3) − (2 · 0 + 1)
= −3 − 1 = −4
c) We first express r in terms of h. h =
30 − 5r 1 1 1
3
7.
3h = 30 − 5r
(fg) − 2 = f − 2 ·g −2
5r = 30 − 3h 1 2 1
+1
r = 30 −
= −2 −3 2 − 2
3h
5 = − 11 ·0=0
4
V = πr2 h √
√
f (− 3)
30− 3h 2
V (h) = π 8. (f /g)(− 3) = √
h g(
5
Substituting for r − 3)
√
2 (− 3)2 − 3
= √

30 − 3h
. 2(− 3) + 1
We can also write V (h) = πh 5 0
√
= =0

−2 3 + 1
Exercise Set 2.2 9. (g − f )(−1) = g(−1) − f (−1)
= [2(−1) + 1] − [(−1)2 − 3]
1. (f + g)(5) = f (5) + g(5)

= (52 − 3) + (2 · 5 + 1) = (02 − 3)(2 · 0 + 1)

= 25 − 3 + 10 + 1 = −3(1) = −3
= 33
2. (f g)(0) = f (0) · g(0)
 65
Exercise Set 2.1 Chapter 2: More on Functions 65

= (−2 + 1) − (1 − 3) = −1 + 2
= − 1 − (−2) =1

Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

65
Exercise Set 2.2 Chapter 2: More on Functions 65

1 g − 1
2
10. (g/f ) − = 3 3
2 1
− 2 since f − 2 = 0. The domain of g/f is
f−2 3 3
1
+ 1 − ∞, − 2 ∪ − 2 , ∞ .
= 2

− 21 2 − 3 b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = (2x + 3) + (3 − 5x) = −3x + 6 (f

− g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = (2x + 3) − (3 − 5x) = 2x + 3
= 0 11 − 3 + 5x = 7x
− 4 (f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = (2x + 3)(3 − 5x) = 6x
= 0 − 10x2 + 9 − 15x = −10x2 − 9x + 9
11. (h − g)(−4) = h(−4) − g(−4) (f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = (2x + 3)(2x + 3) =
2

= (−4 + 4) −
√−4 − 1 4x + 12x + 9
(x)
= 0 − √−52
− (f /g)(x) = f = 2x + 3

g(x) 3 − 5x
√
Since −5 is not a real number, (h−g)(−4) does not exist. (g/f )(x) = g (x) = 3 − 5x
12. (gh)(10) = g(10) · h(10) f (x) 2x + 3
√

= 10 − 1(10 + 4) 18. f (x) = −x + 1, g(x) = 4x − 2

√
a) The domain of f , g , f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is
= 9(14)
(−∞, ∞). Since g 1 = 0, the domain of f /g is
= 3 · 14 = 42 2
13. (g/h)(1) = g 1 1
, , . Since f (1) = 0, the domain of
(1)

h(1) −∞ 2 ∪ 2∞
√ 1− 1 g/f is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞).
=
1+4 b) (f + g)(x) = (−x + 1) + (4x − 2) = 3x − 1 (f − g)(x) =
√ 0 (−x + 1) − (4x − 2) =
= −x + 1 − 4x + 2 = −5x + 3
5
0 (f g)(x) = (−x + 1)(4x − 2) = −4x2 + 6x − 2 (f f
=5 =0 )(x) = (−x + 1)(−x + 1) = x2 − 2x + 1
x+1
14. (h/g)(1) = h (1) (f /g)(x) = 4x − 2
g(1) −
2 (g/f )(x) =4x −x + 1
= √1 + 4

1−1 3 3
− ∞, 5 ∪ 5 , ∞ . For g/f we must exclude
= 05
Copyright c
Since division by 0 is not defined, (h/g)(1) does not exist.
15. (g + h)(1) = g(1) + h(1)
√
= √1 − 1 + (1 + 4)
= 0+5
= 0+5=5
16. (hg)(3) = h(3) · g(3)
= (3 + 4) 3 − 1
√

= 7 2
√
17. f (x) = 2x + 3, g(x) = 3 − 5x
a) The domain of f and of g is the set of all real numbers,
or (−∞, ∞). Then the domain of f + g, f − g, f f ,
3
and f g is also (−∞, ∞). For f/g we must exclude 5
3
since g 5 = 0. Then the domain of f /g is
 66
Exercise Set 2.2 Chapter 2: More on Functions 66

√
19. f (x) = x − 3, g(x) = x + 4
a) Any number can be an input in f , so the
domain of f
is the set of all real numbers, or
(−∞, ∞).
The domain of g consists of all values of x
for which
x+4 is nonnegative, so we have x+4 ≥ 0,
or x ≥ −4.
Thus, the domain of− g ∞is [ 4,
). The domain of f + g, f − g, and fg is the
set of all numbers in the domains of both f
and g. This is [−4, ∞).
The domain of f f is the domain of f , or
(−∞, ∞). The domain of f /g is the set
of all numbers in the domains of f and
g, excluding those for which g(x) = 0. Since
g(−4) = 0, the domain of f /g is
(
−
4
,
∞
)
.
The domain of g/f is the set of all
numbers in the domains of g and f ,
excluding those for which f (x) = 0. Since
f (3) = 0, the domain of g/f is [−4,
3) ∪ (3, ∞).

2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

66
Exercise Set 2.2 Chapter 2: More on Functions 66

√ +4
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x − 3 + (f − g )(x) = f b) (f + g)(x) = x2 − 1 + 2x + 5 = x2 + 2x + 4
√
(x) − g(x) = x − 3 − x + 4 (f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = (x − (f − g)(x) = x2 − 1 − (2x + 5) = x2 − 2x − 6 (f g)(x)
√
3) x + 4 = (x2 −1)(2x+5) = 2x3 +5x2 −2x−5 (f f )(x) = (x2 −
(f f )(x) = f (x) 2 = (x − 3)2 = x2 − 6x + 9 1)2 = x4 − 2x2 + 1
f (x) x− 3 x2 − 1
(f /g)(x) = =√
g(x) x+4 (f /g)(x) = 2x + 5
√
g(x) x
+4 (g/f )(x) = 2x + 5

(g/f )(x) = f (x) =x−3 x2 − 1

√ 23. f (x) =
√x − 3, g(x) = √x + 3
20. f (x) = x + 2, g(x) = x − 1
a) The domain of f is (−∞, ∞). The domain of g consists of a) Since f (x) is nonnegative for values of x in [3, ∞), this
all the values of x for which x − 1 is nonnegative, or [1, is the domain of f . Since g(x) is nonnegative for values
∞). Then the domain of of x in [−3, ∞), this is the domain of g. The domain of f
f + g, f − g, and fg is [1, ∞). The domain of ff +g, f −g, and fg is the intersection
is (−∞, ∞). Since g(1) = 0, the domain of f/g of the domains of f and g, or [3, ∞). The domain of f f is
is (1, ∞). Since f (−2) = 0 and −2 is not in the the same as the domain of f , or [3, ∞). For f /g, we must
domain of g, the domain of g/f is [1, ∞). exclude −3 since g(−3) = 0. This is not in [3, ∞), so the
b) (f + g)(x) = x + 2 + √ x−1 domain of f /g is [3, ∞). For g/f , we must exclude 3
(f − g)(x) = x + 2 − √
+1
x
since f (3) = 0. The domain of g/f is (3, ∞).

(f g)(x) = (x + 2) x − 1
√ b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = √ x − 3 +
√
x+3
√ √
(f f )(x) = (x + 2)(x + 2) = x2 + 4x + 4 (f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = x−3 − x+3

x+2 √ √ √

(f /g)(x) = √ (f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x −3 · x+3= x2 9−

√ √ √
(f f )(x) = f (x)· f (x) = x − 3 · x − 3 = |x − 3|
(g/f )(x) = x− 1
x−3
x+2 (f /g)(x) = √

21. f (x) = 2x − 1, g(x) = −2x2

√x + 3
a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the
domain of f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is (−∞, ∞). For f /g, we
must exclude 0 since g(0) = 0. The domain of f /g is (g/f )(x) = √x − 3
(−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). For g/f , we 24.
√
f (x) = x,
√
(x) = 2 − x
g
11
must exclude 2 since f2 = 0. The domain of a) The domain of f is [0, ∞). The domain of g is
1 1 (−∞, 2]. Then the domain of f + g, f − g, and
g/f is − ∞ , 2 ∪ 2,∞ . f g is [0, 2]. The domain of f f is the same as the
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = (2x − 1) + (−2x2 ) = −2x2 + 2x domain of f , [0, ∞). Since g(2) = 0, the domain of
−1 f /g is [0, 2). Since f (0) = 0, the domain of g/f is
(f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = (2x − 1) − (−2x2 ) = 2x2 + (0, 2].
2x − 1 b)
√ √
(f + g)(x) = x + 2 − x (f − g)(x) =
(f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = (2x − 1)(−2x2 ) = −4x3 + 2x2 √x − √ 2 − x

(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = (2x − 1)(2x − 1) = √ √

(f g)(x) = x · 2 − x = 2x − x2
√
4x2 − 4x + 1 (f f )(x) =
√x · √ x = √x2 = |x|
(f /g)(x) = f (x) = 2x − √x
1 (f /g)(x) = √
g(x) −2x2
g(x) −2x

2 √2 −
x
2− x
f (x) 2x − 1 (g/f )(x) = √

22. f (x) = x2 − 1, g(x) = 2x + 5 x

25. f (x) = x + 1, g(x) = |x|
a) The domain of f and of g is the set of all real
bers, or (−∞, ∞). Then the domain num-of f + g, a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the domain
f − g, 5 of f + g, f − g, f g, and f f is (−∞, ∞). For f /g, we must
67
Exercise Set 2.2 Chapter 2: More on Functions 67

f g and f f is (−∞, ∞). Since g − 2= 0, the 5 exclude 0 since g(0) = 0. The

5 domain of f /g is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). For g/f , we must

domain of f /g is − ∞, − 2 ∪ − 2 , ∞ . Since exclude −1 since f (−1) = 0. The domain of g/f is (−∞,

f (1) = 0 and f (−1) = 0, the domain of g/f is −1) ∪ (−1, ∞).

(−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 1) ∪ (1, ∞).

Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Exercise Set 2.2 67

Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

b) (f + g)(x) = x2 − 4 + x3 , or x3 + x2 − 4
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x + 1 + |x| (f −
g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = x + 1 − |x| (f g)(x) = (f − g)(x) = x2 − 4 − x3 , or − x3 + x2 − 4 (f g)(x)
f (x) · g(x) = (x + 1)|x| = (x2 − 4)(x3 ) = x5 − 4x3
(f f )(x) = f (x)·f (x) = (x+1)(x+1) = x2 + 2x + 1 (f f )(x) = (x2 − 4)(x2 − 4) = x4 − 8x2 + 16

(f /g)(x) = x+1 (f /g)(x) = 2− 4

|x| x3
|x| x3

(g/f )(x) = x+1 (g/f )(x) = x2 − 4

26. f (x) = 4|x|, g(x) = 1 − x 4 1
29. f (x) = x + 1 , g(x) = 6 − x
a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the domain
of f +g, f −g, f g, and f f is (−∞, ∞). Since g(1) = 0, the a) Since x + 1 = 0 when x = −1, we must exclude −1 from
domain of f /g is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞). Since f (0) = 0, the the domain of f . It is (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞). Since 6 − x =
domain of g/f is 0 when x = 6, we must exclude 6 from the domain of g.
( −∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). It is (−∞, 6) ∪ (6, ∞). The domain of f + g, f − g, and f g
is the intersection of the domains of f and g, or (−∞,
b) (f + g)(x) = 4|x| + 1 − x −1) ∪ (−1, 6) ∪ (6, ∞).
(f − g)(x) = 4|x| − (1 − x) = 4|x| − 1 + x The domain of f f is the same as the domain of f ,
(f g)(x) = 4|x|(1 − x) = 4|x| − 4x|x| or (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, ∞). Since there are no values
of x for which g(x) = 0 or f (x) = 0, the domain of
(f f )(x) = 4|x| · 4|x| = 16x2 f /g and g/f is (−∞, −1) ∪ (−1, 6) ∪ (6, ∞).
(f /g)(x) = 4|x| 4 1
1 x b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) =
− x+1+6−x
1− x (f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = 4 1
(g/f )(x) = 4|x|
x + 1 −6 − x
4 1 4
27. f (x) = x3 , g(x) = 2x2 + 5x − 3
a) Since any number can be an input for either f or g, the (f g)(x) = f (x)·g(x) = x +1 · 6−x = (x+1)(6−x)
domain of f , g, f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is the set 4 4 16
2
of all real numbers, or (−∞ , ∞). (f f )(x) = f (x)·f (x) = x + 1 · x + 1 = (x + 1) , or
16
Since g(−3) = 0 and g 1
= 0, the domain of f /g
2 x2 + 2x + 1
4
is (−∞, −3) ∪ − 3, 1 1
x+1 4 6−x 4(6 − x)
2 ∪ 2,∞ .

Since f (0) = 0, the domain of g/f g(0) = 0, the domain of f /g is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). Since f
is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).

b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x3 + 2x2 + 5x − 3 (f −

g)(x) = f (x)−g(x) = x3 −(2x2 +5x−3) =
x3 − 2x2 − 5x + 3
(f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x3 (2x2 + 5x − 3) =

2x5 + 5x4 − 3x3

(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = x3 · x3 = x6
3
f (x ) x

(f /g)(x) = g(x) =2 x2 + 5x − 3
2
(g/f )(x) = g (x) = 2x +5x −

3
f (x) x3
28. f (x) = x2 − 4, g(x) = x3
a) The domain of f and of g is (−∞, ∞). Then the domain
of f +g, f −g, f g, and f f is (−∞, ∞). Since
Exercise Set 2.2 68

1 =x+1
· 2
(f /g)(x) = 1 = Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
30. f (x) = 2x2 , g(x) = x−5
x+1
6 a) The domain of f is (−∞, ∞). Since x − 5 = 0 when x = 5,
the domain of g is (−∞, 5)∪(5, ∞). Then the
− domain of f + g, f − g , and f g is ( −∞ , 5) ∪ (5, ∞ ).
x The domain of f f ( , ).
is −∞ ∞ Since there are no values
1 of x for which g(x) = 0, the domain of f/g is (−∞, 5) ∪ (5,
(g/f )(x) = 6− x 1 · x+1 = x+1 ∞). Since f (0) = 0, the domain of
4 6−x 4 4(6 − x) g/f is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, 5) ∪ (5, ∞).
=
x 2
+ b) (f + g)(x) = 2x +2 x−5
1 2
(−2) = 0 and f (2) = 0, the domain of g/f is (−∞, −2) ∪ (f − g)(x) = 2x2 −
x−5
(−2, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). 2 2
4x

(f g)(x) = 2x2 · x−5 = x−5

(f f )(x) = 2x2 · 2x2 = 4x4

Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
 68 Chapter 2: More on Functions
2x 2 − 3 √
5
(f /g)(x) = A2 = 2x2 · 2 = x2 (x−5) = x3 −5x2 33. f (x) = x − 2 , g(x) = x−1
x−5 a) Since f (2) is not defined, the domain of f is (−∞, 2) ∪
2 (2, ∞). Since g(x) is nonnegative for val-ues of x in [1,

x− 5 2 1 1 1 ∞), this is the domain of g. The

(g/f )(x) = = · = =
domain of f + g, f − g, and fg is the intersection
2x2 x−5 2x2 x2 (x−5) x3 −5x2 of the domains of f and g, or [1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). The
domain of f f is the same as the domain of f , or
31. f (x) = x1 , g(x) = x − 3 (−∞, 2) ∪ (2, ∞). For f /g, we must exclude 1 since
a) Since f (0) is not defined, the domain of f is (−∞, 0) ∪ g(1) = 0, so the domain of f /g is (1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞).
(0, ∞). The domain of g is (−∞, ∞). There are no values of x for which f (x) = 0, so the
Then the domain of f + g, f − g, fg, and f f is (−∞, 0) ∪ domain of g/f is [1, 2) ∪ (2, ∞).
3 √
(0, ∞). Since g(3) = 0, the domain of f /g is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, b)

3) ∪ (3, ∞). There are no values of x for which f (x) = 0, (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x − 2 + x−1
3 √
so the domain of g/f is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞).
(f − g)(x) = f (x) − g(x) = x −2 − x−1
1 √
3 √
3 x− 1
b) (f + g)(x) = f (x) + g(x) = x +x−3
1 1 (f g)(x) = f (x) · g(x) = x−2 ( x − 1), or x − 2
3 3 9
(f −g)(x) = f (x)−g(x) = x −(x−3) = x −x + 3
1 x− 3 (f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = x − 2 · x − 2 · (x − 2)2
3
3
(f g)(x) = f (x)·g(x) = x ·(x−3) = x , or 1 − x f (x) =√ x − 3A
(f /g)(x) = =
1 1 1 √

g(x) x−1 (x − 2) x − 1
(f f )(x) = f (x) · f (x) = x ·x = x2

1 √ √
f (x) 1 =1 g (x) x− (x − 2) x−
(f /g)(x) = = x = (g/f )(x) =
1
1 1
= 3 =
·
x x−3
f (x) 3
g(x) x−3 x(x − 3)
x− 3 x−2
(g/f )(x) = g (x) = = (x = x(x 3), or
2 5
3) f (x) 1 − ·1 −
x 34. f (x) = 4 − x , g(x) = x − 1
x2 − 3x a) The domain of f is (−∞, 4) ∪ (4, ∞). The domain of g is
√ 1 (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, ∞). The domain of f + g, f − g,
32. f (x) = x + 6, g(x) = x and
f f
fg is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, 4) ∪ (4, ∞). The domain of dom a i n o f f/ g and of

a) The domain of f (x) is [−6, ∞). The domain of g(x) is (−∞, 4) ∪ (4, ∞). The
is (−∞, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). Then the domain of f + g, g/f is (−∞, 1) ∪ (1, 4) ∪ (4, ∞).
f − g, and f g is [−6, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). The domain of f f 2
b) ( f + g)(x) = + 5
is [−6, ∞). Since there are no values of x for which 4−x x−1
g(x) = 0, the domain of f /g is [−6, 0)∪(0, ∞). Since 2
f (−6) = 0, the domain of g/f is (−6, 0) ∪ (0, ∞). 5
√ 1 (f − g)(x) = 4−x − x−1

b) (f + g)(x) = x + 6 + x (f g)(x) = 2· 5 = 10

√ 1 4−x x−1 (4 − x)(x − 1)

2 · 2
(f − g)(x) = x + 6 − x (f f )(x) = =4

√ 1√ x + 6 4−x4−x (4 − x)2
(f g)(x) = x + 6 · x= x
2
 (f /g)(x) = 4 −x = 2(x − 1)
(f f )(x) =
√ x+6 √
· x + 6 = |x + 6| 5 5(4 − x)
√
x+ 6 √ √ x−1

(f /g)(x) = 1 = x+6·1 =x x+6 5

x (g/f )(x) = x−
= 5(4 − x)
1

1 2 2(x − 1)
(g/f )(x) = √ x 1 √
·
1 = 1 √
4−x
= x x+6 xx+6 35. From the graph we see that the domain of F is [2, 11] and the
x+6 domain of G is [1, 9]. The domain of F + G is the set of numbers
in the domains of both F and G. This is [2, 9].
36. The domain of F − G and F G is the set of numbers in the
domains of both F and G. (See Exercise 35.) This is [2, 9].
Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.
Exercise Set 2.2 69

The domain of F/G is the set of numbers in the domains of 44. (F + G)(x) = F (x) + G(x)
both F and G, excluding those for which G = 0. Since G > 0
for all values of x in its domain, the domain of F/G is [2, 9].
10
8
37. The domain of G/F is the set of numbers in the domains of
both F and G (See Exercise 35.), excluding those for which 6 F G
F = 0. Since F (3) = 0, the domain of G/F is [2, 3) ∪ (3, 9]. 4
2
y
2 4 6 8 10 x
8

4 y
2 6
2 4 6 8 10 x
2 2

39. y 2

4 G F 46. y
2

2 4 6 8 10 x F G
2
2

y
6
F G 47. a) P (x) = R(x) − C (x) = 60x − 0.4x2 − (3x + 13) =
4
2

2 4 6 8 10 x
2
6000 − 4000 = 2000
4
C (100) = 3 · 100 + 13 = 300 + 13 = 313
P (100) = R(100) − C (100) = 2000 − 313 = 1687

41. From the graph, we see that the domain of F is [0, 9] and the 48. a) P (x) = 200x − x2 − (5000 + 8x) =
domain of G is [3, 10]. The domain of F + G is the set of 200x − x2 − 5000 − 8x = −x2 + 192x − 5000
numbers in the domains of both F and G. This is [3, 9].
b) R(175) = 200(175) − 1752 = 4375
42. The domain of F − G and F G is the set of numbers in the C (175) = 5000 + 8 · 175 = 6400
domains of both F and G. (See Exercise 41.) This is [3, 9].
P (175) = R(175) − C (175) = 4375 − 6400 = −2025
The domain of F/G is the set of numbers in the domains of
both F and G, excluding those for which G = 0. Since G > 0 (We could also use the function found in part (a) to
for all values of x in its domain, the domain of F/G is [3, 9]. find P (175).)
49. f (x) = 3x − 5
43. The domain of G/F is the set of numbers in the domains f (x + h) = 3(x + h) − 5 = 3x + 3h − 5

of both F and G (See Exercise 41.), excluding those for which f (x + h ) − f (x) 3x +3h − 5 − (3x −
F = 0. Since F (6) = 0 and F (8) = 0, the domain of G/F is [3, 5)
6) ∪ (6, 8) ∪ (8, 9].
h = h
3x +3h − 5 − 3x
= +5
h
3h
=h =3

Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

70 Chapter 2: More on Functions

50. 1
f (x) = 4x − 1 55. f (x) =
f (x + h ) − f (x) 4(x + h ) − 1 − (4x −
3x
= 1
1)
=
h h f (x + h) = 3(x + h)
4h
4x +4h − 1 − 4x + 1
= =4 1 1
h h
f (x + h ) − f (x) 3(x + h ) 3x
51. f (x) = 6x + 2 h

f (x + h) = 6(x + h) + 2 = 6x + 6h + 2 = h 1 · x− 1
f (x + h ) − f (x) =6x +6h + 2− (6x = 3(x + h ) x 3x x + h
+2)
h h h
x x+h
= 6x +6h + 2− 6x −
−
2

h = 3x(x + h )3x(x + h )
6h h
= h=6 − (x + h x− x− h
)
52. f (x) = 5x + 3 3x(x + h ) 3x(x + h )
= =

h h
f (x + h ) − f (x) = 5(x + h ) + 3− (5x +3) =
−h
hh
3x(x + h ) −h 1
5x +5h + 3− 5x − 3 = 5h = = =
5 ·
h 3x(x + h) h
h h
−h −1 · h/
53. f (x) = 13 x + 1 = 3x(x + h) · h = 3x(x + h) · h/
−1 1
f (x + h) = 31 (x + h) + 1 = 31 x + 31 h + 1 = 3x(x + h) , or − 3x(x + h)
1 1 1 1
f (x + h ) − f (x) 3x + 3 h+1 − 3x +1 56. f (x) =
2x
h 1 1 1 x1 x+h

= h
1 − · − ·
1 1 f ( x +h )− f 2(x +h ) 2x 2(x +h ) x 2x x +h
x+ h+1− x−1 (x)
=3 3 3 = =
h h h =
h x x+h x − x− −h
1
− h
=3h=1 )2 x(x + h ) 2x(x + h
= )2x(x + h
2x(x + h )
=
h3 h hh

1 −h −1 1

54. f (x) = − 12 x + 7 ·
2x(x + h) h = 2x(x + h) , or
− 2x(x + h)
1 (x + h) + 7 − − x+7
f (x + h ) − f 2
1

2
1
(x) = 57. f (x) = − 4x
h
1
= h 1
1 1 1

x−
2
h+7 + − f (x + h) = − 4(x + h)
2 2
7 = 2h 1 1
1
h h =−2
 h ( −− =
f ) x 4(x + h ) 4x h
( − )
x f
+
h
1 x 1 x+h
=− 4(x + h) · x − − 4x · x+h
h
x x+h
+
= 4x(x + h ) 4x(x + h )
h
−x+x+h h
= 4x(x + h ) = 4x(x + h )
h
 h 1 h
=
h/· 1 1
·
4x(x+h) h =
4x(x+h) h/ = 4x(x+h)

Copyright c 2016 Pearson Education, Inc.

Exercise Set 2.2 71
1
63. f (x) = 3x2 − 2x + 1
58. f (x) = − x
1 1 f (x + h) = 3(x + h)2 − 2(x + h) + 1 =
−−
f (x + h ) − f (x) x + h x
3(x2 + 2xh + h2 ) − 2(x + h) + 1 =
3x2 + 6xh + 3h2 − 2x − 2h + 1

= h h =
1 1 +h xx + h f (x) = 3x2 − 2x + 1

· − − +
x +h x x x(x +h ) x(x f (x + h) f (x)
·
x +h +h ) −
= = =
h h h

(3x2 +6xh +3h 2− 2x − 2h +1)− (3x2 − 2x +1)

x+x+h h
=
1 x(x + h ) x(x + h ) h 1 h
= =
3x2 +6xh +3h 2 − 2x − 2h + 1− 3x2 +2x −
h h x(x + h) h = x(x + h)
· 1
59. f (x) = x2 + 1 h

2
6xh +3h − 2h h (6x +3h − 2) =
f (x + h) = (x + h)2 + 1 = x2 + 2xh + h2 + 1 h = h ·1 =
2 2 2

f (x + h ) − f (x) x +2xh + h + 1− (x h 6x +3h − 2 −

+1) =

h h h
·
1 = 6x + 3h 2
2 2 2
= 64. f (x) = 5x2 + 4x
x +2xh + h + 1− x −
−
1
h f (x+h )−f (x) (5x2+10xh+5h 2+4 x+4h ) (5x2+4x) = h
2xh + h 2
= h=
h 10xh + 5h2 + 4h = 10x + 5h + 4

h (2x + h h
=
) 65. f (x) = 4 + 5|x|
h
h 2x + h f (x + h) = 4 + 5|x + h|

= h· 1 f (x + h ) f 4 + 5x + h (4 + 5x )
(x) − | |− | |
= 2x + h =
h h
60. f (x) = x2 − 3 =4 +5|x + h | −4 − 5|x| h
2 2
f (x + h ) − f (x)
(x + h )( − 3 − (x

− 3)
= =
h h =5|x + h | − 5|x|
2
x 2 +2xh + h 2 − 3 − x 2 = 2xh + h = (2x + h ) h
+3 h
66. f (x) = 2|x| + 3x

h =h f (x +h ) − f (x) (2|x +h | +3x +3h )− (2|x|

2x + h +3x)
=
61. f (x) = 4 − x2 h= h
2|x + h | −2|x| +3h
f (x + h) = 4 − (x + h)2 = 4 − (x2 + 2xh + h2 ) = h
4 − x2 − 2xh − h2
f (x + h ) − f (x) 2
4− x − 2xh − h
2 2
−
(4 − x ) 67. f (x) = x3

= 4− x
h h
4 +x 2

=
 2 − 2xh − h 2 − f (x + h) = (x +
h)3 = x3 + 3x2 h +
3xh2 + h3 f (x)
= x3
f (x + h ) − f (x) +3x h +3xh + h − x
h 3 2 2 3 3
2 = =
= −2xh − h
= h/(−2x − h ) h h

h h/ 3x2 h + 3xh2 + h3 = h(3x2 + 3xh + h2 ) =

= −2x − h h h· 1
h · 3x2 + 3xh + h2 = 3x2 + 3xh + h2
62. f (x) = 2 − x2
2
f (x + h ) − f (x) 2 − (x + h ) − (2 − 2 +x 2 2

x )

=h = h
2−x 2− 2xh − h 2 − 2 xh − h
 h1

68. f (x) = x3 − 2x
3 3

f (x +h ) − f (x) = (x +h ) − 2(x +h ) − (x − 2x)

 =
= = h h
h h
3 +3x2 h +3xh2 + h 3 − 2x − 2h − x3
(−2x − h )
−2x − h +2x =
h
=h 2
3x h +3xh2 + h 3 − 2h (3x2 +3xh + h 2 −
=
2)
h =
3x 2 + 3xh + h 2 −2 h