FORM 3 BIOLOGY PAPER I MARKING SCHEME, 1, a) Crawling animals Pitfall trap; rej pitfall alon b)_ Stinging organisms Pair of forceps; rej forceps alone Ace pair of tweezers Adjust the mirror; -Ensure that the diaphragm is fully open; -Ensure that the objective lens is clicked into position with the eye piece lens: a) Seechi dise ii) Photographic light meter 1. Long conical curved canines to hold) kill/ tear the prey: (has premolars spectalized into) carnass with smooth sides and sharp edges to slice through flesh and erush bone: 5. a) [sa lipid molecule containing a phosphate b) Cell membrane /pkasma membrane starch Cellulose 1. a) Growth of a plant through an asexual stage and a gamete producing stage b) i) Bryophytes (Mosses & liverworts) ii) Ferns 8. Gymnosperms, ‘Angiosperms, De not produce flowers Produce flowers Produces cones ‘Do not produce cones Xylem made up of tracheid's | Xylem made up of vessels Phloem lack companion cells | Phioem has companion cells Have single fertilization Have double fertilization 9. 2) Sucrose is a non-reducing sugar while Lactose and maltose are reducing sugars b) -To synthesize enzymes. “To synthesize hormones -For transport e.g. hemoglobin Are respiratory substrates -Defense/protection e.g. Antibodies 10, a) Are patnogens that are living but cannot induce diseases for they have been weakened (chemically or by heating) b) Naturally required active immunity. ‘c) Memory cells 11.) Conferales b) Presence of cones Needle like leaves 12. a) Prevents the trachea from collapsing during breathing in / keeps trachea open b) Trap dust particles ©) Dissolve the gates13. a) Ultra filtration/ Diffusion b) Uli filtration ~ Kidney / glomerulus of the kidney tubule / nephron Diffusion — Alveolus /ileum 14, a) Alveolus/ Alveoli b).-Highly vascularized (10 increase the diffusion gradient) for wansporting the gases to and from the surface: Thin wall (one cell thick) to reduce diffusion distance for faster exchange of gases; {umerous / highly folded to provide a large surface area for exchange of gases. 15, Plants are able to store the wastes in their bodies in non-toxic form! Animals cannot store their waste There is more accumulation of toxic waste in animals than in plants -Plants utilize simple inorganic substances to make their foods in amount required by the body hence less ‘wastes! while animals consume complex compounds whose breakdown releases more toxic wastes 16. a) Chilopoda rej chilopoda b) Camnivorous 17. a) Glycolysis b) Cytoplasm 18, a) The gills filaments clump together; reducing the Surface area for gaseous exchange; this causes suffocation of the fish to suffocate; b) To ensure maximum trapping of light 19, a) R—Cytoplasmic filaments S—Plasmodesmata_T — Companion cell 'b) Enable movement of materials from companion cell to sieve tube cells, 20. a) Sebaceous gland 'b) -Secretes sebum which keeps the hairand the skin supple. -Itisan antiseptic which protects the skin against bactenal infection ©) When the body temperature falls belGw normal: sweat dustis less stimulated; no sweat is produced and ‘heat is retained in the body. 21. a) -Attachment anchorage -Absorption of nutrients ) Support the sporangium 22. a) Herbivorous. b) -Presence of diastema -Presence of « homy pad on the upper Jaw 23, a) Centrioles, b) Formation of eilia am flagella in cells where they occur Formation or'spindle fibres that guides the chromosomes during cell division 24. When the blood sugar ever raises above normal; insulin stimulates the liver cells to convert excess glucose to glycogen for sorage convert glucose to fat for storage increase oxidation ofthe glucose and inhibit conversion af glycogen to glucose29. 30. Difference — Monocotyledons Dicotyledons Patten of leaf veins Parallel; Branched/reticulate/nct work, ‘Number of petals present | 3/multiplesof3(uptoo0); | 4or5/multipkesof upto60); 1b) -Possessclearly defined vascular system; (having xylem and phloem) -Highly differentiated intoroots, stems and leaves, -Fertilizationinpteridophytesisindependent of water availability, 9. a) To replace those members of a species that dies hence ensuring continuity of the species! improves quality. +b) Helps to remove metabolic waste products from the body; which can be toxic/poisonous . Bacteria inmouth);change orrespire sugar/named sugar (infood); to acid/lactic acid; acid dissolves / attacks enamel /teeth dentine: - Increase in temperature to optimum Increase in substrate concentration Increase in enzyme concentration No immigration or emigration of organisms in the area of study within the period of study ‘There is free mixing of omzanisms within the period of study Markings do not come off or affect the behavior of the organisms a) X- Thylakoid disc rej thylakoid, Y - Intergrana lamellae; rej lamellae b) Hydrogen atoms, oxygen gas, adenosine triphosphate