Database Management Systems

Question bank

UNIT – I
PART – A
1. What is Database Management System?
2. Define database.
3. Give some of the applications of database.
4. List the advantages of database system.
5. Explain file processing with DBMS
6. Define data abstraction.
7. What are the different levels of data abstraction?
8. What is database schema & Instance?
9. Define Data Independence.
10. What are the different types of Data Independence?
11. Define Data Model?
12. What are the various types of data model?
13. Define the following
(i) Entity & Entity Set
(ii) Relationship & Relationship Set
(iii) Attribute & its types
14. What is mapping cardinalities?
15. What are the different types of mapping?
16. What are total & partial participation constraints?
17. What are the different types of database users?
18. What is DBA? What are the responsibilities of DBA?
19. What is DDL?
20. What is DML?
21. What are the functions of the following manager?
(i) Authorization & Integrity Manager
(ii) Transaction Manager
(iii) File Manager
(iv) Buffer Manager
22. What are the functions of DDL interpreter, DML Compiler & Query evaluation
Engine?
PART- B
1. Compare and contrast the merits and demerits of database system over file system.
2. Explain three levels of data abstraction.
3. Explain three-tier & two-tier DBMS architecture.
4. With neat sketch explain the database system structure.
5. Explain in detail about the Entity-Relationship model.
6. Write short notes on
(i) Network Model
(ii) Hierarchical Model
7. Draw an E – R Diagram for Banking, University, Company, Airlines, ATM, Hospital,
Library, Super market, Insurance company etc.

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 UNIT – II
PART – A
1. What is relation model?
2. Distinguish database schema from database instance.
3. What is the usage of keys in RDBMS?
4. Explain the following keys:
(i) Super key
(ii) Candidate key
(iii) Primary key
(iv) Foreign key
5. What is relational algebra?
6. List the syntax & use of the following relational algebraic operations
(i) Selection
(ii) Projection
(iii)Mathematical set operations
(iv) Join
(v) Division
(vi) Aggregation
(vii) Renaming
7. What is tuple relational calculus?
8. What is domain relational calculus?
9. Give the basic structure of a SQL queries.
10. What is DDL?
11. Write down the syntax & use of the following DDL statements.
(i) create table
(ii) alter table
(iii)drop table
12. Write down the syntax & use of the following DML statements.
(i) insert
(ii) delete
(iii)update
(iv) Various forms of Select statement
13. What is aggregation?
14. What is subquery?
15. What are the various comparison operators that can be used in Where Clause?
16. How can you test for empty relations?
17. How can you test for absence of duplicate tuples?
18. What is view? How can you update it?
19. What is constraint?
20. What are the various constraints that can be specified in a relation?
21. What is a trigger?
22. Give the syntax for triggers.
23. Differentiate Embedded SQL and Dynamic SQL.
PART- B
1. Explain in detail about the relational model.
2. Explain the following with suitable example

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 (i) Select statement & its various forms
(ii) Subqueries
(iii) Order by
(iv) Group by
(v) Having
(vi) Aggregate Functions(min,max,count,sum,avg)
(vii) String operation
3. Explain in detail the following Integrity Constraints with suitable examples
(i) Primary key
(ii) Foreign key/Referential Key
(iii) Check
(iv) NOT NULL
(v) Unique
4. Explain the following operations with suitable examples.
(i) Equi-Join
(ii) Non-equi-join
(iii) Left outer join
(iv) Right outer join
(v) Full Outer Join
5. What is relational algebra? Explain the various relational algebraic expressions with
proper syntax & examples.
6. Explain Domain & Tuple Relational Calculus in detail.
7. Discuss about triggers. How do a triggers offer a powerful mechanism for dealing
with changes to a database with a suitable example?

UNIT – III
PART – A
1. What is normalization?
2. What is the use of normal forms? List the following normal forms.
3. What is atomic domain?
4. When is a relation said to be in first normal form?
5. What are functional dependencies?
6. Explain trivial functional dependencies.
7. Explain briefly the following:
a. Second normal form
b. Third normal form
c. BCNF
d. Fourth NF
8. Explain briefly the following with suitable example:
a. Closure of functional dependencies
b. Transitive functional dependencies
c. Dependency preservation
d. Canonical cover
e. Multivalued dependency
9. What is axiom and explain the Armstrong axioms.
10. What is lossless decomposition?

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PART- B
1. What is normalization? Explain the various normal forms.
2. Compare BCNF with 3 NF
3. consider the universal relation R(A,B,C,D,E,F,G,H,I,J) and set of FD’s G=( {A,B}
{C}{B,D}{E,F}, {A,D} {G,H},{A } {I},{H} {J}. what is key of R?
Decompose R into 2 NF then to 3NF.
4. Discuss how schema refinement through dependency analysis and normalization can
improve schemas obtained through ER design.
5. Write an algorithm that checks whether the decomposition of relation is lossless or
not. Let R(A,B,C,D,E) and FD(ABC,CA,DE,FA,ED) Is the
decomposition of R into R1(A,C,D) , R2(B,C,D), R3(E,F,D) lossless?
UNIT – IV
PART – A
1. What is transaction?
2. What are the two statements regarding transaction?
3. What are the properties of transaction?
4. What is recovery management component?
5. When is transaction rolled back?
6. What are the states of transaction?
7. What is a shadow copy scheme?
8. Give the reasons for allowing concurrency?
9. What is average response time?
10. What are the two types of serializability?
11. Define lock?
12. What are the different modes of lock?
13. What are the different modes of lock?
14. What is upgrade and downgrade?
15. What is a database graph?
16. What are the two methods for dealing deadlock problem?
17. What are the two methods for dealing deadlock problem?
18. What is recovery scheme?
19. What are the two types of errors?
20. What are the storage types?
21. Define blocks.
22. What is meant by disk buffer?
23. What is meant by log-based recovery?
24. What is meant by physical blocks?
25. What is meant by buffer blocks?
26. What are uncommitted modifications?
27. Define shadow paging.
28. Define page.
29. Explain current page table and shadow page table.
30. What are the drawbacks of shadow-paging technique?
31. Define garbage collection.
32. Differentiate strict two phase locking protocol and rigorous two phase locking
protocol.

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33. How the time stamps are implemented?
34. What are the time stamps associated with each data item?
PART- B
1. Describe Log Based Recovery
2. Explain Serializability
3. Write notes on
(a) Lock based protocol
(b) Timestamp – Based protocols
(c) Validation – Based Protocols.
4. Explain Shadow paging
UNIT – V
PART – A
1. What do you mean by physical storage?
2. Name some of the storage mediums
3. What is RAID?
4. What are the different levels of RAID says?
5. What is a file system?
6. Explain fixed length record Vs Variable length record.
7. List the possible ways of organizing files.
8. What is indexing and what are its basic types.
9. Explain briefly dense index and sparse index.
10. What is hashing?
11. Explain the following:
a. static hashing.
b. Dynamic hashing
c. Hash index
d. Multilevel hashing
e. Hash indices
12. What is the disadvantage of a a sequential file organization. How it can be overcome?
13. What is B+ tree index?
14. What are the advantages and disadvantages of a B Tree?
15. What are the basic operations in a query processing?
PART- B
1. Explain the various RAID levels in detail.
2. Explain in detail the various ways of storing the data.
3. Explain the various types of indexing with a suitable example.
4. Explain the static hashing techniques in detail.
5. Explain the dynamic hashing techniques in detail.
6. Compare the various operations of B+ trees with B Trees.
7. Explain the steps involved in the query processing.
8. Explain the various algorithms used for selection in the query processing.
9. Explain the various algorithms used for sorting in the query processing.
10. Explain the various algorithms used for joining in the query processing.

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