Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene Production in Diospyro
1) The study examined carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethylene (C2H4) production in persimmon (Diospyros discolor) fruit at two maturity stages (mature green and 5% red-colored) to determine its climacteric nature.
2) CO2 and C2H4 production increased with the onset of ripening and then decreased, indicating climacteric behavior. C2H4 production preceded the peak in respiration.
3) Patterns of CO2 and C2H4 production differed between maturity stages, with production occurring later in the less mature fruit.
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Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene Production in Diospyro
1) The study examined carbon dioxide (CO2) and ethylene (C2H4) production in persimmon (Diospyros discolor) fruit at two maturity stages (mature green and 5% red-colored) to determine its climacteric nature.
2) CO2 and C2H4 production increased with the onset of ripening and then decreased, indicating climacteric behavior. C2H4 production preceded the peak in respiration.
3) Patterns of CO2 and C2H4 production differed between maturity stages, with production occurring later in the less mature fruit.
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C2H4 production accompanied the onset
of respiratory rise but C2H4 production
Carbon Dioxide and Ethylene occurred much later in the mature green (5 days) than in the more mature fruit (1 Production in D iospyros discolor day) (Fig. 1A and B). The C2H4 peak also occurred later in the less mature (7 days) than in the more mature (4 days) fruit Willd.1 and occurred 1 day (more mature fruit) or 2 days (less mature fruit) prior to the Ernest K. Akamine and Theodore Goo2 respiratory peak. Department of Botany, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822 Literature Cited Additional index words, climacteric, persimmon 1. Akamine, E.K. and T. Go. 1980. Respiration and Abstract. The climacteric nature of persimon fruit Diospyros discolor) was indicated by C 0 2 and ethylene evolution and internal eomposition in developing and senescing fruit of Guiana chestnut ethylene production patterns at 2 stages of maturity (mature green and 5% red-colored). (Pachira aquatica Aubl.). J. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 105: 560-562. 2. Biale, J.B., R.E. Young, and A. J. Olmstead. Diospyros kaki L. is a climacteric type (Fig. 1A), the preclimacteric minimum in 1954. Fruit respiration and ethylene production. fruit (2, 3, 4), but the respiratory pattern respiration was reached in 4 days, but in Plant Physiol. 29:168-174. during ripening of a related species Dios the 5% colored fruit (Fig. IB) it was non 3. Davis, W.B. and C.G. Church. 1931. The effect of ethylene on the chemical composition and the res pyros discolor Willd. (also known as existent, presumably because the onset of piration of the ripening Japanese persimmon. J. Mabolo) (5) has not been reported. climacteric rise occurred prior to harvest. Agr. Res. 42:165-182. Measurements of C 0 2 and C2H4 produc The climacteric peak stage was attained 4. Eaks, I.L. 1967. Ripening and astringency remo tion of fruit of D. discolor are reported in 9 days in the mature-green fruit but val in persimmon fruits. Proc. Amer. Soc. Hort. Sci. 91:868-875. here. was reached in only 5 days in the slightly- 5. Neal, M.C. 1965. In gardens of Hawaii. Bernice Fruit for this investigation were ob colored fruit. P. Bishop Museum Special Pub. 50. Honolulu, p. tained from 6 trees in a forest reserve at In both stages of maturity, the onset of 674. Mt. Tantalus, island of Oahu, Hawaii. Each Experiment was repeated 4 times using different lots of fruit in a single fruiting season. Fruit at 2 stages of matur ity (mature green and 5% red-colored) were installed in experiments within 2 hr after harvest. Four fruits for each stage of maturity were placed individually in an air-tight glass jar (815 ml) in the labora tory 24-26°C). After 1 hr, duplicate 1 ml samples of atmosphere surrounding the fruit were withdrawn with a plastic syringe successively for C 0 2 and C2H4 X analyses by gas chromatography (1). Samples were taken daily until the fruit became overripe. Between samplings the fruit were subjected to a continuously flowing stream of humidified air (air bubbled through water) in the respiration jars at the rate of 50 ml per hr. The jars were thoroughly flushed with air before sealing. Analysis of C 0 2 and C2H4 re flected corrections for these gases in the laboratory atmosphere at the time the jars were sealed. The results of typical experiments (Fig. 1) clearly indicated the climacteric nature of this non-starchy (as indicated by IKI test) fruit, i.e., CO: and C2H4 production increased with the onset of ripening and subsequently decreased. Increased red surface coloring and fruit softening ac companied these changes. Some expect ed differences in the patterns of C 0 2 and x C2H4 production existed between 2 stages of maturity. In the mature green fruit
'Received for publication January 22, 1981. Journal
Series No. 2576 of the Hawaii Institute of Tropical Agriculture and Human Resources. The cost of publishing this paper was defrayed in part by the payment of page charges. Under postal regulations, this paper must therefore be marked ad vertisement solely to indicate this fact. :Emeritus Plant Physiologist and Research Asso Fig. 1. CCUand C2H4 production by mature green (A) and 5% red-colored (B) fruit of Diospyros ciate. respectively. discolor Willd. Vertical bars are SD.