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Effect of Heredity and Environment SUBJECT
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January 02, 2019 CTET
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Barriers of Child Development
HISTORY
The process of child development is affected by internal and external factors. › Ancient Indian history
Inherited factors, physical factors, intelligence, emotional factors, social factors, etc. are the
intrinsic factors affecting child development.
› Cultural
Socio-economic status and other environmental factors are the external factors influencing the › History One Liner
development of the child.
› Medieval Indian History
Human personality is the magnitude of the interaction of heredity and environment.
Nature and Concept of Heredity Model and Concept of Heredity
› Modern Indian History
› MP History
World History
The process of transmission of genetic traits from one generation to the next is called heredity or
inheritance.
The study of the methods and causes of transmission of genetic traits from generation to SCIENCE
generation is called genetics.
› Biology
Genetics is considered a stable social structure.
Inheritance of a person includes all the physical features, physical characteristics, functions or › Chemistry
abilities that he gets from his parents, other ancestors or species.
› environmental science
Heredity The most important result of the process of reproduction is the design of the offspring of
the organisms. Heredity rules determine this. By which different traits are inherited with complete › Physics
reliability.
› Science
The progeny has most of the basic characteristics of the parent. Which are called hereditary
traits. Such traits are transmitted from generation to generation. › Science and Technology
The foundation of heredity is the corpus (Bunsus), just as a building is made by selecting bricks
from each other, in the same way the human body is formed by cells. During pregnancy, the
mother's egg and the father's sperm unite in order to form a new cell. The particles in the nucleus
of cells are called chromosomes. Chromosomes exist in pairs. The human cell has 46
chromosomes arranged in 23 pairs. One of each pair comes from the mother and the other from
the father and these chromosomes transmit genetic information. Each chromosome contains a
large number of genes, which are the actual carriers of physical traits.
According to Montagu and Schiele Fend, 3000 genes are found in each chromosome.
Genes are the determinants of various abilities and qualities of a person.
Effect of Heredity
Effect on Physical Characteristics
Genetic traits play an important role in determining a child's appearance, size, physical build,
height, etc.
The fertilized zygote (zygote) in the mother's womb fuses to form various combinations of
chromosomes. Thus, different genes from each child of the same parent, the child has more
similarities than others with his or her blood relatives.
Genetic transmission is a very complex process, most of the traits we see in humans are a
combination of numerous genes. The numerous permutations and combinations of genes are
responsible for the great variation in physical and psychological characteristics.
Only identical or monozygotic twins have the same set of chromosomes and genes because
they are formed by duplication of a single zygote.
Most twins are fraternal or dizygotic, developing from two different zygotes. These brothers are MADHYA PRADESH GK
similar to twins like brothers and sisters, but they are also traditionally different in many ways.
› District of MP
The genetic characteristics of a child also affect his growth and development. If the parents of
the child are white, then their child will be fair, but if the parents are black. Then their children will › MP GK Q&A
be black. Similarly, other characteristics of the parents are also passed down genetically in the
child. Due to this, one child can be very talented and beautiful and another child can be physically
› MP Art & Culture
and mentally weak. › MP Award
It is natural for a normal and healthy child to have more development than children who are thin,
weak, sick and suffering from any kind of physical handicap since birth. Physical deficiencies have
› MP Biodiversity
adverse effects not only on health but also on growth and development. Unbalanced body, › MP Census
obesity, short height, physical deformity, etc. are due to abnormal behavior of the child.
Sometimes the body is also damaged due to an accident and this damage has an adverse effect › MP Current Affairs
on the development of the child.
› MP Facts
Genes that carry physical traits can be either recessive or recessive. It is a known fact that the
color blindness in men and women for certain colors or the sensitivity of certain colors can be › MP Famous Personality
more in women than in men. A grandmother and mother can transmit this condition to a male
› MP Forest
baby without becoming color blind themselves. This condition is because this deformity is acute,
but in women it is recessive. › MP Formation
Jeans are in pairs. If a pair has strong genes in both, then that individual will show that
› MP Geography
characteristic trait (such as color blindness), if one gene is dominant and the other is recessive,
then the dominant one will survive. › MP Health & Education
The recessive gene will be passed on and it can show its traits in the next generation. Therefore,
› MP History
the dominant gene is responsible for the appearance of a specific trait in a person.
Characteristics that are visible and displayed, such as eye color, are called phenotypes. › MP Industry & Trade
Recessive genes do not show their characteristics until they pair with other genes similar to › MP Institutions
themselves, which are then passed on as genetically recessive genes. But they appear they are
called semogenotypes. › MP Introduction
Definitions of heredity › MP Journalism
› MP Krishi
James Drever "Heedity is the transfer of physical and mental characteristics from parents to › MP Language & Lit.
offspring."
› MP Minerals & Energy
Ruth Benedict "Inheritance is the property passed from parents to children."
P Gisbert “Every act of generation in nature is the transfer of some biological or psychological › MP One Liner Gk
characteristics by parents to their offspring.
› MP Organization
H. A. Peters and Woodworth “The characteristics that a person inherits from his parents through
his parents are called inheritance. › MP Polity
BN Jha “Inheritance is the sum total of the innate characteristics of a person.” › MP PSC Answer Writing
According to biologists, "heredity is the sum of the specific characteristics that are possible in a
fertilized egg."
› MP Rivers & Dam
It is clear from the above definitions that inheritance or heredity is the transfer of traits from › MP Rules and Adhiniyam
ancestors or parents to the offspring. Every animal, on the basis of its ethnic characteristics,
transfers physical and mental qualities to the offspring.
› MP Schemes
Effect on intelligence › MP Sports
› MP Tourism
Intelligence is defined as the ability to learn, adjustability, decision making ability, etc. The child
whose learning speed is more, his mental development will also be faster. How the child adjusts › MP Transport and Communication
himself in his family, society and school depends on his intelligence.
Goddard is of the opinion that the children of retarded parents are retarded and the children of
sharp-witted parents are sharp-witted.
Emotional ability develops in the child according to the mental capacity. LABELS
The type of emotions in which the child will develop, it has the potential to completely affect his
social, mental, moral, physical and language development. If the child remains very angry or › ACT
fearful or if there is more feeling of jealousy and animosity in him, then it is natural to have an
adverse effect on his development process.
› Ancient Indian history
Emotionally imbalanced children are unable to pay attention in studies or in any other serious › Award
work, as a result their mental development is also affected.
› Biodiversity
The superiority of intelligence is also due to the species.
Effect on Character
› Biology
› Books And Author
› Chemistry
A psychologist named Dugdale, on the basis of his stay, said that the character of a parent also
affects his child. › Computer
The influence of hereditary factors is clearly seen in the character of a person, so it is natural to
› Constitution of India
have an effect on the child. Dugdale proved this by studying the descendants of a person named
Juke in 1877. › Constitution One Liner
Meaning of Environment › CTET
› Cultural
Environment means environment. Environment is made up of two words surrounding and › Current affairs
covering. Pari means all around, cover means to cover. Thus, atmosphere or environment means
that which surrounds. › Day Year Month
Animals or human beings are surrounded by water, air, vegetation, mountains, plateaus, rivers, › District of MP
objects, etc., all these together make up the environment. It is also known as environment or
nutrition. › Economics
The environment has a significant impact on the development of human life. The contribution of › English
heredity to human development is as much as that of the environment. Hence some
psychologists also call it social inheritance of environment. › Environmental science
Behavioral psychologists have given importance to environment more than inheritance. › Famous Personalities
Environment Related Factors
› General Administration in Hindi
All those elements come in the environment, which have affected the person from the time of › Geography
starting life. Many types of events from pregnancy to life time affect a person's personality and his
› GK Tricks
development.
It is advisable for the mother to maintain good mental and physical health during pregnancy › Global Index
because it not only affects the development of the child inside the womb but also strengthens the
› Govt schemes
foundation for further development. If the health of the mother is not good, then how can the good
health of her child be expected? And if the health of the child is not good, then it is natural to have › Hindi Grammar
an adverse effect on his development.
› Historical personality
Life events have an impact on a child's life. If the child has been treated well, then the pace of his
development will be right, otherwise his development will be adversely affected. The child who has › Historical Places
been abandoned by his mother in his childhood will always yearn for the love of his mother. How
can one think of his all-round development in such a situation? › History One Liner
› Indian Geography
Accidents in life also have an adverse effect on the development of the child. The environment in
› MP GK Q&A
which the child was born, in which environment he is living with whom, all these have an effect on
his development. The lack of environment, pollution, lack of physical facilities etc. also adversely › One Liner
affect the development of the child.
› Organization/Insitution Indian
The social and economic status of the child also affects his development. Children from poor
families do not get much opportunities for development. Poor children do not get the opportunity › Organization/Insitution Inernational
to study in a good school, participate in cultural programs, etc., due to which their development is
not balanced. The rich children of the city get a better social and cultural environment than the
› Physics
poor children of the villages, due to which their mental and social development naturally › Quick Revision
increases. Whatever a child inherits from the genetics of its parents, we consider it as nature, while
the effect of its environment on the development of the child is called parenting. › Quiz
The influence of the environment is very important in both the prenatal and postnatal stages of › Sports GK
human beings. At the postnatal stage, when the fetus is in the mother's uterus, internal or external
factors, such as certain legal or illegal drugs, alcohol, lead, and pollutants, can be harmful to the › World History
unborn baby. Mother's nutrition, disease, and emotional stress can also affect fetal development.
› कौन क्या है
After birth, a variety of environmental factors are at play to influence a child's development. In
these, the environment of the child's home, his family members and the relationship between the › विविध सामान्य ज्ञान
school and the neighborhood etc. have a major role.
The main factors of environment are physical factors, social factors, economic factors and
cultural factors.
definitions of environment
Sanastasi "Environment is everything that affects a person in addition to his life."
Gisbert "What surrounds an object and has a direct effect on it is the environment."
Holland and Douglas "All the external forces, conditions and phenomena affecting the
development, maturity, nature, behavior and lifestyle of living beings of the living world are
included in the environment and with the help of them the environment is described."
CC Park “Environment is the whole situation around which man is surrounded at a particular
place at a particular time.”
Woodworth “Atmosphere includes all those external elements which have affected a person
since the beginning of life.”
Boring Lagfield and Weld “The environment of a person is the sum of all the stimuli that it receives
from birth to death.”
Physical Factors Physical Factors
It includes natural and geographical conditions. Climate has an impact on human development.
Where there is more winter or where there is more heat, the development of man is not the same.
The people of cold regions are beautiful, fair, shapely, healthy and intelligent. They also have more
patience. Whereas the people of hot region are black, irritable and aggressive in nature.
Social Factors Social Factors
The individual is a social animal, so the influence of society is more visible on him. There are
many elements such as social system, living habits, traditions, religious acts, customs, mutual
interactions and relationships etc., which affect the physical, mental and emotional and
intellectual development of man in one way or the other.
Economic Factors
Meaning that money is not only to get facilities, but nutritious things can also be bought from it,
through which the human body develops. In the absence of discomfort in a moneyless person,
inferiority complex develops, which is a hindrance in the path of development. Economic
environment also affects the intellectual capacity of man. It also has an impact on social
development.
Cultural Factors Cultural Factors
Religion and culture greatly influence the development of man. Our culture is the way of eating,
the way of living, the way of worship, the way of celebrating the ceremony, the way of rites etc.
Cultures which contain scientific approach develop properly, but where superstition and
conservatism are involved, the development of that society is not possible.
Some important effects of environment
effect of physical difference
Although the physical characteristics of a person are hereditary, but the effect of the
environment on it can be clearly seen. People living in hilly areas have small stature. Whereas
people living in plains have a long and stout body. After changing the place of residence for many
generations, the difference in the height and color of the above people has been seen due to the
influence of the environment.
effect on the superiority of the species
The reason for intellectual superiority of some species is not heredity but environment. They are
able to develop more because they have the best educational, cultural and social environment
available to them. If the son of a great man is left in such a place where, educational, cultural and
social environment is not available, then it cannot be possible for him to become as great as his
father.
influence on personality
In the formation of personality, environment has more influence than inheritance. Any person
can become great by building his personality by living in a suitable environment. Many such
examples are to be seen around us in which people born in poor families are also able to achieve
great successes by their hard work and dedication. To prove this, Neumann and Holzinger studied
20 pairs of twins by placing them in different environments. They kept a couple of children on the
farm in the village and the other in the city. A substantial difference was found between the two
children as they grew up. Firm's child was rude, anxious, and intelligent. The city child, in contrast to
him, was polite, carefree and more intelligent.
effect on mental development
A psychologist named Gordon is of the opinion that when proper social and cultural environment
is found, the rate of mental development slows down. He proved this by studying children living on
the banks of rivers. The environment of these children was untidy and away from the good
influences of the society. The study found that the mental development of children was also
adversely affected due to being dirty and away from the good influences of society.
multifaceted effect on the child
The environment affects all the parts of the child's physical, mental, emotional etc. This can be
confirmed with the example of 'the wild child of Aveyron'. After the birth of these children, a wolf
was taken away and he was raised among wild animals. Some hunters caught him in 7799 AD. At
that time he was 11 or 12 years old. His shape had become like an animal. He used to walk with his
hands and feet just like him. He used to eat raw meat. He did not have the power to speak and
think like a human. All efforts to make him civilized and educated like human beings failed.
Educational Effect of Heredity and Environment on Development
In the current ideology of development, importance has been given to both nature and nurture.
Heredity and environment are intertwined in such a way that it is impossible to separate them
and each mutually affects the child. Therefore the development of the individual has some
universal characteristics and individual characteristics.
It is very important to understand the role of heredity and even more beneficial that we
understand how the environment can be improved. so as to assist in the best possible
development within the limits set by the heredity of the child.
We usually get to hear the question that whether the environment is more important in the
education and development of the child or the environment? Asking this question is like asking
whether engine or petrol is more important for a motorcar. Just as engine and petrol are of equal
importance for a motorcar, similarly inheritance and environment are of equal importance for
child development.
There is mutual dependence between inheritance and environment. They are complementary,
supportive and supportive to each other. The basic tendencies that the child receives through
inheritance, their development takes place in the environment; For example, if the child does not
have intellectual power, then even the best environment cannot develop his mental development.
Similarly, a child with intellectual power cannot develop his mental development in an unfavorable
environment.
In fact, the entire behavior of the child is created by the interaction of heredity and environment.
In any scheme of education, heredity and environment cannot be separated from each other. Just
as there is a relationship between the soul and the body, so is the relationship between heredity
and the environment. Therefore, the combination of heredity and environment is essential for the
proper development of the child.
What is a child? What can he do? Why is it not developing enough? The answer to such questions
lies in the effects of heredity and environment. By using their information, the teacher plays an
important role in the all-round development of the child.
All types of development, physical, mental, emotional, social, are influenced by heredity and
environment. This is the reason why the education of the child is also affected by it. Therefore, such
information about the child helps the teacher in solving his problems.
Only by understanding the child can he be guided. Not all children studying in the same class
have the same physical, mental health. Physical development is related to mental development
and one who has good mental development, his education is also good.
Through inheritance, a person gets the shape and type of the body. The environment nourishes
the body. If nutritious food is given to the child in the family, then his muscles, bones and other
types of physical abilities increase. General: Inheritance is responsible for intellectual ability.
Therefore, in order to understand the child, it is necessary to understand both these factors.
There are many types of indiscipline in schools. Sometimes it is not only the environment of the
family but also heredity to a large extent is responsible. The role of the child's family and their
inheritance is important in the development of demerits like stealing, indulging in crime, lying etc.
The educational achievement of a child increases to a certain extent, his parents want to increase
him by giving him the best environment, the child also works hard, but is unable to progress. What
could be the reason for this? To know this, the knowledge of inheritance helps the teacher and
parents only. If the inheritance is not good i.e. intelligent people are not in his maternal and
paternal side, then good environment will take him forward only to a certain extent.
The environment is more responsible for the development of the child's attitudes, tendencies and
attitudes, but if the inheritance along with the environment is also right, the development gets a
meaningful direction. For example, vocational aptitude and potential are found in the life of the
child of a businessman. If he gets business environment, then he can get success in that direction.
According to the knowledge of the effects of genetics and environment on the development of
the child, the teacher makes the school environment suitable for the children, so that the desired
changes can be made in the behavior of the students and the teaching-learning process can be
made more effective.
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