Project - Residential = 26 Storey

Staircase serve = 26 Floor

Single leaf doors = 25 No.
Double leaf door for Exit = 1 Nos.

Design Requirement (Pressurisation Level

The Staircase Pressurisation calculation is based on the following design criteria:
1) Airflow velocity of not less than 1 m/s through doors when all 3 doors are open (1 main exit door + 2 consecutive floors).
2) Minimum Pressure Differential between staircase & adjacent accommodation space is 50 Pa when all doors are closed.
3) Maximum Force required to open any door at the door handle shall not exceed 110 N.
(Force = 110 N/ 9.81= 11.2 kilograms)
4. The condition in above 1 & 2 will be restored within 15 seconds after each disturbance by the operation of the door

Design Calculation {Reference -BS 5588 - part 4 & ASHRAE HVAC Application }

Step 1 Estimating Air Flow past thru when 3 doors are opened
The combination of two doors from any two successive storeys and the main discharge door are fully open.

Leakag
Size (m) Qty
Descriptions e Area
(h) (w) no. m
Single leaf doors . 2.1 1.0 2 4.2
Double leaf door to exterior 2.1 1.6 1 3.4
2
Total area of 3 Nos. of doors (m ) 7.6

Egress Velocity , required velocity through doors (minimum 1m/s) = 1.00 m/s
Required Air flow rate through doors (opened doors) = 7.56 m3/s
27216 CMH

Step 2 , Air Leakage Data for all Door

Minimum Pressure Differential between staircase & adjacent accommodation space is 50 Pa when all doors are closed.

Calculation of Air Supplies

1/n
Q = 0.827 A (ΔP)
where,
Leakage area, A
Pressure difference, ΔP
Air Flow rate,Q
For large leakage areas - Doors etc - n = 2
For small leakage areas - Window cracks -n = 1.6

Pressure differential 50 Pa
Air
No. of Crack
Size Leakage Area Leakage *
Type of door Door Length
n=2
m m qty m m2 (k) m2 m3/s
Single-leaf in rebated frame opening into a
2.1 1.0 1 6.2 0.01 0.011 0.065
pressurisation space
Single-leaf in rebated frame opening outwards from a
2.0 0.8 1 5.6 0.02 0.020 0.117
pressurisation space
Double leaf with or without centre rebate 2.1 1.6 1 9.5 0.03 0.030 0.175
Lift Landing Door 2.0 2.0 1 8.0 0.06 0.060 0.351

Calculation Air Leakage thru the all doors

Leakage
Air Leakage for all doors Door Qty Air Leakage
Area
Single leaf doors 25 0.011 1.619 m3/s
Double leaf door to exterior 1 0.030 0.175 m3/s
Air Leakage for all doors 1.79 m3/s
6458.45 CMH
Step 3 - Minimum Air flow required for Pressurisation (Fire Mode

( Estimating Air Flow past thru when 3 doors are opened

Minimum Air flow required for Pressurisation =
) + (Air Leakage for all doors)
= 27216.0 + 6458.4
= 33674.4 CMH
Uncertainties in the values of the leakage areas for
= 40409.3 CMH
20% allowance

Step 4 - Selection of Pressurisation fan capacity

Normal Mode ACH = 4
Airflow Airflow
Area Height Volume
Level (E) (N)
m2 m m3 (cmh) (cmh)
1st storey (exist door) 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
2nd storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
3rd storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
4th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
5th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
6th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
7th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
8th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
9th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
10th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
11th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
12th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
13th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
14th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
15th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
16th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
17th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
18th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
19th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
20th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
21st storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
22nd storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
23rd storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
24th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
25th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
26th storey 11.80 3.80 44.84 1554 179
Volume of Staircase (m3) 1166
Air Flow for Fire Mode (CMH) 40409
Air Flow for Normal Mode (CMH) 4663

Step 5 - Static Pressure required for Pressurisation (Fire Mode

Friction loss for duct = 2.5 Pa/m
Staircase Height per Floor = 4 m
Staircase Serve = 26 floors
Total Staircase Height = 104 m
Static Pressure Loss for duct = 260 Pa
Fittings & Register Loss (40% of duct loss) = 364 Pa
Total Static pressure of fan required = 624 Pa
Justification of Pressure & Operation

A - Door Opening Force Calculations

(The force to over come the door closer + the forces to

The force required to open the door =
overcome the pressure difference across the door)

F = Fdc + WAΔP/ 2(W-d)

Fdc = force to overcome door closer, (Fdc - 13N min to

= 60 N
67N maxi)
W = door width, m = 1.0 m
A = door area, m2 = 2.1 m 2
ΔP = pressure difference across door, Pa = 50 Pa
d = distance form doorknob to knob side of door, m (0.076
= 0.05 m
m maxi)
F = total door opening force = 109.9 N

The maximum allowable force to open the door = 110 N

By comparing the calculated force in the project find, F (109.9 N) < (110 N)
The total door-opening force is smaller than the maximun allowable force to open the the door. Design Requirement
satisfied