ELE311 Elements of Electromagnetics

Chapter 1 Vector Analysis

Slides based on textbook by Alexander

Instructor: Maher Bakri-Kassem

Office No. EB2 - 219 Phone No. 515-2932

E-mail: [email protected]

Course References
Primary:
M. Sadiku, Elements of Electromagnetics, 5th edition. Oxford University Press, 2011. Course notes (iLearn)

Supplementary:

Marking Scheme
Homework & Quizzes Transmission Lines Experiment & Report Research Paper Midterm Exam I Midterm Exam II Comprehensive Final Total 15% 5% 5% 20% 20% 35% 100%

 Attendance:
Will be taking at the beginning of each class University policy of attendance will be applied. Once the class is in progress, students must stay until the class is over. Students who are late more than 5 minutes will not be allowed to join the class. Mobile phones are to remain switched off as long as class is in session.

Homework
Home work:
Homework will be assigned throughout the week. Homework is due at the beginning of class on the due date. Late homework is not accepted for any reason. A neat, detailed, step-by-step solution should follow with essential solutions underlined. A cover page is required for each assignment. The cover page should include course title, section number, student name and ID, and homework number.

Test dates are tentative. Class attendance guidelines and policies as reported in the AUS catalog will be fully implemented. Mobile phones are to remain switched off as long as class is in session.
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Homework Cont.
HW # 1 HW # 2 HW # 3 HW # 4 HW # 5 HW # 6 HW# 7 HW# 8 HW# 9 HW#10 Vector Algebra and Coordinate Systems Coulombs law Gausss law Electric Potential Boundary Conditions Dielectrics and Capacitance Poissons and Laplaces Equations Magnetic Fields Maxwells Equations and Uniform Plane waves Transmission Lines

Quizzes
3-4 quizzes will be given.
The quiz will be from the homework material (not necessary the same questions). The quizzes will be 1-2 days after homework submission date.

Examinations and Office Hours

Midterms (tentative)
Exam #1, Sunday, Oct. 23, 2011. Exam #2, Thursday, Nov. 24, 2011.

Office Hours:
UMTW (1:30 - 2:30), or by appointment
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Examinations Cont.
All exams are closed book. All examination scores will be counted toward the final grade. Make-up exams will be given only in emergency, which must be supported by written documentation (e.g. doctors letter). It is your responsibility to contact your instructor promptly to receive permission to take a make-up exam. You should, if at all possible, do that before the exam takes place. The final exam is comprehensive.
Honor Code: All students are expected to abide by the Code of Academic Conduct set by AUS. Any reasonable suspicion of an honor violation will be reported.

Course Outline
Topic Number of weeks

Vector algebra Coordinate systems and transformation Vector calculus Electrostatic fields Electric fields in material space Electrostatic boundary-value problems Magnetostatic fields Magnetic forces, materials and devices Maxwells equations Electromagnetic wave propagation Transmission lines Review and evaluation

1 1 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 2 2 2
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Vector Algebra
Scalars and Victors: Definition: A scalar is a quantity that has only magnitude Quantities that have only magnitude are considered scalar including mass, time, distance and temperature where the direction has no meaning. Definition: A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Quantities that have magnitude and direction including force, electric field intensity and velocity. Definition: A field is a function that specifies a particular quantity everywhere in the region. This quantity can be either a scalar type or a vector type which will result in the field being called scalar field or vector field, respectively. In our course and for simplicity, we will be using the vector with an arrow on the top while scalar is only a letter with no arrow on the top. The book, the author used the bold letter instead of a letter with an arrow.

Chapter 1 Vector Algebra

Scalars and Victors:
Definition: A scalar is a quantity that has only magnitude Quantities that have only magnitude are considered scalar including mass, time, distance and temperature where the direction has no meaning. Definition: A vector is a quantity that has both magnitude and direction. Quantities that have magnitude and direction including force, electric field intensity and velocity. Definition: A field is a function that specifies a particular quantity everywhere in the region. This quantity can be either a scalar type or a vector type which will result in the field being called scalar field or vector field, respectively. In our course and for simplicity, we will be using the vector with an arrow on the top while scalar is only a letter with no arrow on the top. The book, the author used the bold letter instead of a letter with an arrow. Examples: is a vector

A is a scalar Unit Vector:

A vector

has both, magnitude which is a scalar

or simply A and a direction. A unit vector

has the same direction as

but

its magnitude is unity i.e

=1. Notice that for unit vectors we use the hat ^ instead of the arrow.

The unit vector can then be written as follow:

We can write If

which completely specifies or

in terms of magnitude A and its direction

in Cartesian (or called rectangular) coordinates then the magnitude

Then the unit vector for vector

is given by

Example:

then

=1 Example: then
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Fig1.1 (a) Unit vectors

, (b) components of

along

Vector Addition and Subtraction:

If two vector and can be added then the result would be a vector as follow:

Subtracting vector

from vector

will result of vector

as follow:

Fig. 1.2 Vector addition

: (a) parallelogram rule, (b) head-to-tail rule.

Fig.1.3 Vector subtraction: (a) parallelogram rule, (b) head-to-tail rule

Vectors have the following laws that they obey: 1- Commutative 2- Associative 3- Distributive and and

Vector Multiplication: Dot product (scalar product): Definition: The dot product of two vectors is the product of the magnitudes of both vectors and the cosine of the angle between them.

If

then the result will be since due to the zero angle in between. due to the 90 in between.

Cross product (vector product): Definition: The cross product of two vectors written as parallelogram formed by . , is a vector whose magnitude is the area of the is turned into

and is in the direction of advance of a right-handed screw as

where

is a unit vector that is normal to the plane containing

Fig. 1.4 shows the area of the magnitude of the cross product and the direction of it

Fig. 1.5 shows the right-handed-screw rule where

is turned into

The cross product has the following rules: 1- It is not commutative: It is anti-commutative: 2- It is not associative:
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3- It is distributive: 4-

Fig. 1.6 shows the results of the cross product in the Cartesian coordinates: (a) positive results are obtained clock wise. (b) Negative results are obtained counter clock wise.

From the above figure we can notice the following:

Components of a Vector: One way to define the projection of a vector 1.7. The magnitude of the projected vector vector and the unit vector of vector . on another on vector is to utilize the dot product feature as shown in Fig. is called and is obtained by the dot product of the

The vector component is simply by multiplying the obtained scalar component by the unit vector of the vector objected on i.e in our example. = The second obtained component is the perpendicular component which is the

Fig. 1.7 The projection of a vector on another; (a) the scalar component

(b) the vector component