API571 : Practice Exam Questions Instructions: Choose the most correct answer for each question. You may anly choose one answer for each question. 1. Temper embrittlement is the reduetion in: a} Croop resistance b) High temperature stress rupture properties ©) Elevated temperature toughness 4) Ambient tomperature toughness (start-up and shutdown) 2. Carbon steels, low alloy steels, and 400 series stainless steels are of prime concern for: a) 885°F embrittlement b) Sigma phase embrittlement ©) aandb a) Brittle fracture 3, Some reduetion in the likelihood of a brittle fracture may be achieved by: a) Performing a post weld heat treatment (PWHT) on the vessel if it was not originally done during manufacturing. b} Use 400 series stainless steels ©) Use larger grain size steels d) Always use low hydrogen electrodes 4. To mitigate brittle fracture in pressure vessels, what is the best method of inspection and monitoring? 8) Charpy impact testing at room temperature during vessel manufacturing b) Radiography and MT during the vessel manufacturing ©) Susceptible vessels should be inspected for pre-existing flaws/defects 4) All vessels should be inspected for pre-existing flaws/dafeets Cyclic stresses caused by variations in temperature can lead to: a) thermal fatigue b) brittle fracture eb creep 4d) fatigue 6. Cracking associated with eyclie stresses caused by variations in temperature ean oceur in: a) all materials of construction b) all ferrous metals and some nonferrous metals ©) only welds of dissimilar metals 4). magnetic ferrous metals Page 1 of 810, u. 1. 13. API 57 : Practice Exam Questions Startup and shutdown of equipment increase the susceptibility to: a) SOHIC ») HIC ¢) thermal fatigue a) brittle fracture ‘Thermal fatigue cracks usually initiate on the surface of the component and often: 4) filled with oxides due to elevated temperature exposure }) ile with chlorides when in sour eerviee €) become dormant, €) grow intergranuarly ‘Thermal fatigue is best prevented through: a) design 1b) operation to minimize thermal stresses ©) operation to minimize thermal eyeling 4) allofthe above Effective methods of inspection for thermal fatigue cracking are: 8) visual examination b) MT 9 Pr @) allofthe above Brosion-corrosion occurs when erosion contributes to corrosion a) removing protective filnis or scales by: b) removing protective films or scales and exposing the metal surface to aqueous corrosion under the combined action of erosion and corrosion © exposing the metal surface to aqueous corrosion under the combined action of erosion and corrosion 4) accelerating the anode-cathode potential ‘The likelihood of erosion-corrosion in eaxbon and alloy steels increases when: 1a) changes to the temperature and pH can ineréase conrosivity b) posbweld heat treatment is not applied to surface hardened areas where erosion is most prevalent, such as in elbows ©) particle velocity falls below turbulent flow conditions @ aandb Exosion and erosion-corrosion failures can occur in a relatively by a localized loss in thickness in the form of: @) non-directional pattems most frequently. >) pits, grooves, guilies ©) both a and b €) elongated troughs with dove tail ends Page 2 of 8 short time and are characterized14, 15, 16, u, 18. 19. 20. API 571 : Practice Exam Questions Erosion-corrosion is best mitigated by: a) increasing substrate hardness b)_ increasing substrate hardness in lieu of @ corrosion inhibitor program ©) using 300 series austenitic stainless steels )_ using more corrosion-resistant alloys and/or altering the process environment to reduce corrosivity ‘Visual examination of suspected erosion-corrosion areas is only one means of inspection, others include: a) UT or RT to detect the extent of metal loss b) corrosion coupons and on-line corrosion monitoring electrical resistance probes ©) IRscans to detect refractory loss on stream @) all of the above Geometry, stress level, number of cycles, and material hardness are factors that affect: a) siress corrosion cracking b)_ environmental cracking ©) fatigue resistance 4d) stiffness compression resistance Which materials exhibit an endurance limit below which fatigue cracking will not occur, regardless of the number of cycles? a) carbon steel ) titaniam ©) carbon steel and titanium @) carbon steel, titanium and aluminum alloys Fatigue failure fracture appearance is noted by: ) alam shell type fingerprint that has concentrie rings called beach marke b)aclam shell type fingerprint that has concentrie rings called chevron marks ©) v-shaped chevron marks a) aandb Inspection techniques that can be used to detect fatigue cracks at known areas of stress concentration are! a) PT, MT and SWUT b) PT'and MT ©) VP and WEMT @ UTandRT A form of corrosion that occurs from moisture associated with atmospheric conditions is most severe in: a) marine environments b) moist polluted industrial environments with airborne contaminants ©) dry rural environments @) aandb Page 3 of 821 22, 23 24. 25. 26, 2, API571 : Practice Exam Questions Atmospheric corrosion rates increase with: a) temperature up to about 250°F (121°C) b) temperature up to about 212°F (100°C) ©) oxygen partial pressure a) hydrogen partial pressure Atmospheric corrosion attack will be: a) general or localized depending upon whether or not the moistare is trapped b) general regardless if moisture is trapped or not ) general if there is coating failure 4) all ofthe above ‘The two critical factors for long-term protection against atmospheric corrosion are: a) surface preparation and proper coating application }) surface hardness and coating application method ©) coating application method selection and steel grade ) coating curing time and steel grade Corrosion under insulation becomes more severe: a) at metal temperatures between the boiling point 212°F (100°C) and 250°F (121°C) b) at metal temperatures over 100°F (38°C) ©) where water is more likely to vaporize d) where the insulation stays dry longer After insulation is removed from carbon and low alloy steels, CUI damage often appears as: a) loose, flaky scale covering the corroded component b) may be general corrosion with elongated oval pits ©) carbunele type pitting that is usually found when a coating system has withstood corrosion @) bande ‘What type of insulating materials will hold less water against the vessel/pipe wall than mineral ‘wool and potentially be less corrosive. a) closed-cell foam glass b) open-cell foam glass ©) duplex-cell (open/closed) foam glass 4) none of the above Inspection for CUI should utilize multiple inspection techniques to produce the most cost effective approach, including: a) partial and/or full stripping of insulation for visual examination b) UT for thicknoss verification ©) real-time profile x-ray (for small bore piping) 4) all of the above Page 4 of 8API 571 : Practice Exam Questions 28. Cooling water corrosion of carbon steels and other metals ean be caused by: a) dissolved salts or gases by) organic compounds ©) microbiological activity 4) all of the above 29. Cooling water corrosion can aceur in: ) carbon steel, all grades of stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium and nickel base alloys bb) carbon steel, a few grades of stainless steel, copper, aluminum, titanium and nickel base alloys ©) carbon steel and a few grades of stainless steel only «carbon steel, a few grades of stainless steel and tantalum alloys (not pure tantalum) 30. Carbon steel corrosion rates in cooling water tends to increase: 1) when oxygen content increases b)_ if the process side temperature is below 140°F (60°C), a sealing potential exists with fresh water and becomes more likely as process temperatures decreases and as cooling water inlet temperatures rise ©) when brackish and salt water outlet temperatures below about 11°F (46°C) may eause serious sealing 4) when velocities are low enough to maximize fouling and drop out of deposits but not s0 low as to cause erosion 31. When connected to a more anodie material in cooling water: a) titanium may suffer severe hydriding embrittlement b) titanium may suffer severe hydriding embrittlement below 180°F (62°C) ©) titanium becomes immune to corrosion 4) titanium becomes almost immune to corrosion 82, Cooling water corrosion ean result in which forms? a) general corrosion b)_ pitting corrosion ©) MIC, stress corrosion cracking and fouling 4) allof the above 83, What are the methods of prevonting and controlling cooling water corrosion and fouling? a) proper design, operation and chemical treatment of cooling water systems b) design for cooling water side inlet temperatures below 135°F (57°C) ©) maximum water velocities must be maintained, particularly in salt water systems @) minimum-aximum process side velocities must be maintained, particularly in salt water systems Page 5 of 836. 37, 38, 20, API 571 : Practice Exam Questions What variables should be monitored that affect cooling water corrosion? a) pH, oxygen content, cycles of concentration, and biocide residuals b)_ Ultrasonic flow meters can bo used to check the velocity of process side ©) cooling water inlet temperatures, ) all of the above ‘What are the main eauses of corrosion in boiler feedwater and condensate return systems? a) usually the result of dissolved gases, oxygen and earbon dioxide b) usually the result of dissolved foreign products, oxygen and carbon dioxide ©) poor material selection €) insufficient corrosion allowance ‘The process conditions to monitor for sulfidation corrosion include: a) the use of tubeskin thermocouples and/or infrared thermography to measure temperature b) using external ultrasonic thickness measurements and profile radiography for evidence of thinning ©) proactive and retroactive PMI programs for alloy verification and to check for alloy mix- ups in services where sulfidation is anticipated €) all of the above (Chloride stress corrosion cracking (CI'SCC) is initiated by environmental cracking in susceptible alloys under the combined action of tensile stress, temperature and an aqueous chloride environment. The presence of dissolved oxygen increases propensity for eracking. What is the most resistant alloy to this damage mechanism of the alloys listed below? a) 847 stainless steel b) duplex stainless steels ©) cast duplex stainless steel @) nickel base alloys Deaerators are susceptible to what type of cracking that are related to residual welding and fabrication stresses, stress risers (attachmonts and weld reinforcement) and the normal deaerator environment? a) corrosion fatigue b) mechanical (vibration) fatigue ©) thermal fatigue 4) allof the above ‘What form of fatigue cracking develops under the combined affbets of cyclic loading and corrosion and are evidenced by very little plastic deformation where the final fracture may occur by mechanical overload accompanied by plastic deformation? a) corrosion fatigue b}_ mechanical (vibration) fatigue ©) thermal fatigue d} all of the above Page 6 of 840, 41 42. 43. 44, 45, API 571 : Practice Exam Questions Caustic embrittlement is a form of stress corrosion eracking characterized by surface-initiated cracks that occur in piping and equipment exposed to caustic, which are primarily located where? 8) adjacont to non-PWHT'A welds by adjacent to reductions in eross-sectional thickness 6) adjacent to sharp reductions in eress-sectional thickness 4) at the mid.wvall thickness SSC can initiate on the surface of steals in highly localized zones of high hardness in the: a) weld metal and heat affected zones b). weld metal only ©) HAZonly d)_ none of the above, since this eracking does not occur in welds Blistering, HIC, SOHIC and SSC damage can occur throughout the refinery wherever there is @ ‘wet HgS environment present. In hydroprocessing units, changing the concentration of ammonium bisulfide: 8) above 2% increases the potential for blistering, HIC and SOHIC ) below 2% increases the potential for blistering, HIC and SOHIC ©) does not affect blistering, HIC and SOHIC 4) affects the potential for blistering, HIC and SOHIC only carbon steels are used High temperature hydrogen attack results from exposure to hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures. The hydrogen reacts with carbides in steel to form methane (CH,) whieh cannot diffuse through the steel. The loss of carbide causes an overall loss in strengtl. What material has the lowest resistanco to this form of attack? a) carbon steel b) C-0.5Mo ©) L.25Cr-0.5Mo @) aluminum alloys At what temperature does chloride stress corrosion cracking usually oceur in austenitic stainless steals? a) at metal temperatures between ambient and 140°F b) at metal temperatures below about 140°F ©) at metal temperatures above about 140°F 4d) temperature is not a factor ‘A carbon steel elbow is inadvertently installed on a heater outlet and discovered after start up. ‘The line is in dry hydrogen service operating at 900°F. What damage mechanism would he mast likely to occur? a) hydrogen indueed eracking (HIC) b) hydrogen embrittlement (HE) ©) Hy/HgS corrosion 4) high temperature hydrogen attack (HTHA) Page 7 of 846. 41, 49. su API571 : Practice Exam Questions A B1GL pressure vessel is in service that may result with CI'SCC damage suspected on the process side. What is the best method of inspection? a) RT b) swuT ©) AE @) PT or phase analysis EC techniques are the preferred methods Damage noted in tubes of a heat exchanger in cooling water service is found in the form of grooves. What would he the likely cause? a) high velocities ) microbiologically induced corrosion ©) low velocities 4) ERW weld attack What is the most important factor related to mechanical fatigue of a piece of equipment? a) material selection ) equipment design ©) operating conditions 4) operating temperatures What could cause longitudinal grooves in the ID of a heat exchanger tube? a) corrosion at nozzle inlets/outlets and tube inlets b) crevice corrosion of any of the affected materials ©) localized corrosion from underdeposit corrosion ) corrosion at ERW weld areas along the weld fusion ines What type of service can increase corrosion CUI? a) brackish and salt water systems b) eyelie thermal operation or intermittent service ©) boiler feedwater and condensate systems 4d) effluent gas streams High temperature hydrogen attack results from exposure to hydrogen at elevated temperatures and pressures. What is the mechanism that drives this failure mode? a) hydrogen reacts with carbides in steel to’ methane (CH) which cannot diffuse through the stool b) Joss of nitrides in the steel causes an overall loss in strength ©) hydrogen sulfide reacts with carbides in steel to form CHS which embrittles the steel 4) butane pressure builds up, forming bubbles or cavities, mierofissures and fissures that ‘may combine to form cracks Page 8 of 8