= CHAMMAS ENGENHARIA LTDA - 25,699.174/0001-15 (Pedido 685581 Impresso: 20/09/2018) Exemplar para uso exclusi Designation: 02850 - 15 Standard Test Method for Unconsolidated-Undrained Triaxial Compression Test on Cohesive Soils’ "his standard is issued under the fixed designation 2850; the number immesiely follwing the designation indicates the your of exigna adoption inthe case of revision, the year of last revision. A umber a parentheses indats the yea ofl eapprva. A superset epsilon (x) inicts an edi change since he ls eson oe feappora 1. Scope* 1.1 This test method covers determination of the strength and stress-strain relationships of a cylindrical specimen of either intact, compacted, or remolded cohesive soil. Specimens are subjected to a confining fluid pressure in a triaxial chamber. No drainage of the specimen is permitted during the applica- tion of the confining fluid pressure or during the compression phase of the test. The specimen is axially loaded at a constant Tate of axial deformation (strain controlled), 1.2 This test method provides data for determining tundrained strength properties and. stress-strain relations for soils. This test method provides for the measurement of the total stresses applied to the specimen, that is, the stresses are not corrected for pore-water pressure None 1—The determination ofthe unconfined compressive strength of ‘cohesive soils is covered hy Test Method D2160/D2 1668 Nor 2—The determination ofthe consolidated, undrained strength of ‘cohesive soils with pore pressure measurement is covered by Test Method pie, 1.3. All observed and calculated values shall conform to the guidelines for signiticant digits and rounding established in Practice D602». 1.3.1 The procedures used to specify how data are collected/ revorded or calculated in this standard are regarded as the industcy standard. In addition, they are representative of the Significant digits that generally should be retained. The proce- dures used do not consider material variation, purpose for obtaining the data, special purpose studies, or any consider- ations for the user's objectives; and it is common practice to increase or reduce significant digits of reported data 1 be commensurate with these considerations. It is beyond the seope of this standard to consider significant digits used in analysis, ‘methods for engineering design, 1.4 Units—The values stated in SL units are to be regarded 4 the standard, The values given in parentheses are mathemati "This tes method is under the jsisticton of ASTM Commitee DI8 on Soil and Rok and is te diet responsiliy of Subcommittee 1808 on Suength and ‘Compressiilyof Sols, Curent eon approved Nos. 1S, 2018, Published December 2015. Orginsly pyroved in 1970. Last previews edition approved in 27 as D2¥S =a 2007), DO: 10.15 0285-15 *A Summary of Changes s appears atthe end oft cal conversions to inch-pound units, which are provided for information only and are not considered standard. Reporting of test results in units other than SI shall not be regarded as nnonconformance with this test method. 1.4.1 The converted inch-pound units use the gravitational system of units. In this system, the pound (Ibf) represents a unit ‘of force (weight), while the unit for mass is slugs. The slug unit is mot given, unless dynamic (F = ma) calculations are involved 1.5 This standard does not purport to addvess all of the safety concems, if any, associated with its use. It is the responsibility of the user of this standard to establish appro priate safety and health practices and determine the applica- bility of regulatory limitations prior to use. 2. Referenced Documents 2.1 ASTM Standards: D422 Test Method for Partcle-Size Analysis of Soils D653 Terminology Relating to Soil, Rock, and Contained Fluids D854 Test Methods for Specific Gravity of Soil Solids by Water Pycnometer 1587 Practice for Thin-Walled Tube Sampling of Soils for Geotechnical Purposes D2166/D2160M Test Method for Unconfined Compressive Strength of Cohesive Soil 16 Test Methods for Laboratory Determination of Water (Moisture) Content of Soil and Rock by Mass 2487 Practice for Classification of Soils for Engincering Purposes (Unified Soil Classification System) 12488 Practice for Deseription and Identification of Soils (Visual-Manual Procedure) 13740 Practice for Minimum Requirements for Agencies Engaged in Testing andéor Inspection of Soil and Rock as Used in Engineering Design and Construction 'D4220/04220M Practices for Preserving and Transporting Soil Samples D: 2 or wtenced ASTM Standards, vii the ASTM wb, wwwsio or, or comet Casomer Service at service @astmrg. For Annu Book uf ASTM Stan dardsvokume information. refer 1 the sandar's Document Summary page onthe [ASTM website standard Cnyrah © AST nteratrat 100 Bar Horr, PO Box C700, Was Canon A 9528288, Unies Sie 1Exemplar para uso exclusivo - CHAMMAS ENGENHARIA LTDA - 25.699.174/0001-15 (Pedido 685581 Impresso: 20/09/2018) (fy v2a50 - 15 A318 Test Methods for Liquid Limit, Plastic Limit, and Plasticity Index of Soils 14753 Guide for Evaluating, Selecting, and Specifying Bal- ances and Standard Masses for Use in Soil, Rock, and ‘Construction Materials Testing 1DA767 Test Method for Consolidated Undrained Triaxial Compression Test for Cohesive Soils 16026 Practice for Using Significant Digits in Geotechnical Data 16913 Test Methods for Paticle-Size Distribution (Grada- tion) of Soils Using Sieve Analysis ‘Terminology 31 Definitions—For definitions of common technical terms in this standard, refer to Terminology D653. 32 Definitions of Terms Specific to This Standard: 3.2.1 fuilure—a stress condition selected to represent the maximuim stress supported by a test specimen, 3.2.1.1 Discussion—Failure is often taken to correspond to the maximum principal stress difference (deviator stress) at- tained or the principal stress difference (deviator stress) at 15% axial strain, whichever is obtained first during the performance of a test 3.2.2 unconsolidated-undrained compressive strength—the value of the principal stress difference (deviator stress) at failure 3.2.3 unconsolidated-undrained shear strength—the value of the principal stress difference (deviator stress) at failure divided by two. 4, Significance and Use 4.1 In this test method, the compressive strength of a soil is determined in terms of the total stress therefore, the resulting strength depends on the pressure developed in the pore fluid during loading, In this test method, fluid flow is not permitted from or into the soil specimen as the load is applied, therefore the resulting pore pressure, and hence strength, differs from that developed in the case where drainage ean occur. 4.2 If the test specimens is 100 % saturated, consolidation cannot occur when the confining pressure is applied nor during the shear portion of the test since drainage is not permitted. ‘Therefore, if several specimens of the same material are tested, and if they are all at approximately the same water content and void ratio when they ate tested, they will have approximately the same unconsolidated-undrained shear strength. 3 If the test specimens are partially saturated, or compacted/reconstituied specimens, where the degree of satu- ration is less than 100 %. consolidation may occur when the confining pressure is applied and during application of axial load, even though drainage is not permitted. Therefore, if several partially saturated specimens of the same material are tested at different confining stresses, they will not have the: same unconsolidated-undrained shear strength, 4.4 Mohr failure envelopes may be plotted from a series of unconsolidated uncdrained triaxial tests. The Mobr’s circles at failure based on total stresses are constructed by plotting a halt citele with a radius of half the principal stress. difference (deviator stress) beginning at the axial stress (major prineipal stress) and ending at the confining stress (minor principal stress) on a graph with principal stresses as the abscissa and shear stress as the ordinate and equal scale in both dire ‘The failure envelopes will usually be a horizontal line for saturated specimens and a curved line for partially saturated specimens. 4.5 The unconsolidated-undrained shear strength is appli cable to situations where the loads are assumed to take place so rapidly that there is insufficient time for the induced pore-water pressure (0 dissipate and for consolidation to occur during the loading period (that is, drainage does not occur) 4.6 Compressive strengths determined using this procedure ‘may not apply in cases where the loading conditions in the field differ significantly from those used in this test method, Nore 3—The quality of the results produced by this standard is dependent on the competence of the personvel performing it, and sulability of the equipment and facilities used. Agencies that meet the criteria of Practice D3740 are generally considered capable of competent testing. Users of this test method are cautioned that compliance with Practice D740 does noc ensure reliable results, Relish results depend on several factors: Practice D3740 provides a means of evaluating son those factors S. Apparatus 5.1 Axial Loading Device—The axial loading device shall be screw jack driven by an electric motor through a geared transmission, a hydraulic loading device, or any other com pression device with sufficient capacity and control to provide the rate of loading prescribed in 7.5. The rate of advance of the loading device shall not deviate by more than =5 % from the selected value. Vibrations due to the operation of the loading device shall be sulliciently small to not cause dimensional changes in the specimen. Now 4—A loading device may be said to provide sufficiently small ‘ibrations if there are no visible eippes ina glass of water placed on the Joading platen when the device is operating atthe speed al Which the test is performed. 5.2 Axial Load-Measuring Device—The axial load- measuring device shall be capable of measuring the axial lond oat least three significamt digits (readability); have a full seale accuracy not to exceed 0.25 %; and a capacity that is not ‘greater than four times the axial load at failure. Commonly, an electronic load cell is used and may be integrated with the axial loading device. 5.3 Triaxial Compression Chamber—The tciaxial chamber shall consist of a top plate and a baseplate separated by cylinder, The cylinder shall be constructed of any material capable of withstanding the applied pressure. It is desirable to use a transparent material or have a cylinder provided with Viewing ports so the behavior of the specimen may be ‘observed. The top plate shall have a vent valve such that air can be forced out of the chamber as itis filled. The base plate shall have an inlet to fill the chamber. 5.4 Axial Load Piston—The piston passing through the top of the chamber and its seal must be designed so the variation in axial load due to friction does not exceed 0.1 % of the axialExemplar para uso exclusive - CHAMMAS ENGENHARIA LTDA - 25.699.174/0001-15 (Pedido 685581 Impresso: 20/09/2018) fly v2850 - 15 load at failure as measured in 8.6 and so there is negligible lateral bending of the piston during loading. Now 5—The use of two linear ball bushings to guide the piston is recommended to reduce the friction and maintain alignment Not 6—A minimum piston diameter of one sixth the specimen diameter has been used sucessfully in many laboratories to minimize Jateral bending, 5.5 Pressure-maintaining and Measurement Devices—The pressure-maintaining and measurement devices shall be ca- able of applying. controlling, and measuring the chamber pressure to within +2 kPa (0.3 psi) for pressures less than 200 KPa 29 psi) and to within 21 % for pressures greater than 200 kPa (29 psi) 55.1 A pressure transducer measuring the applied chamber prossure shall have an accuracy not to exceed +0.25 % of full ange, a capacity in exeess of the applied chamber pressure, ‘and a readability equivalent to atleast three significant digits at the maximum applied chamber pressure. This device com- monly consists ofa reservoir connected to the triaxial chamber and partially filled with the chamber fluid (usually water), with the upper part of the reservoir connected to a compressed gas supply; the gas pressure being controlled by a pressure regulator and measured by an electronic pressure transducer, 5.6 Specimen Cap and Base—An impermeable rigid cap and base shall be used to prevent drainage ofthe specimen, The specimen cap and base shall be constructed of a noncorrosive impermeable material, and each shall have a circular plane surface of contact with the specimen and a circular cross section. The mass of the specimen cap shall produce an axial stress on the specimen of less than 1 kPa (0.1 psi). The diameter of the cap and base shall be equal to the inital diameter of the specimen. The specimen base shall be con- nected 10 the triaxial compression chamber to prevent lateral motion or tilting, and the specimen cap shall be designed such that eccentricity of the piston-to-cap contact relative to the vertical axis of the specimen does not exceed 1.3 mm (0.05 in.), The end of the piston and specimen cap contact area shall be designed so that tilting of the specimen cap during the test is minimal. The cylindrical surface of the specimen base and cap that contacts the membrane to form a seal shall be smooth and free of seratches. Nove. 7—To determine the axial siess from the top cap, measure the mass of the top cap in grams and area ofthe top cap in sm’ The stress fom the top cap. in kN” (= kPa} is equal o the mass in gram times the acceleration duc to gravity (9.8087 msec divided by the area in cm? times 10,000 em? divided by 1000 NAN and 1000 g/kg, 5.7 Deformation Indicator—The vertical deformation of the specimen is usually determined from the travel of the piston acting on the top of the specimen, The piston travel shall be ‘measured using a deformation indicator with a range of at least 20 % of the initial height of the specimen and an accuracy not to exceed 0.25 % of the initial specimen height. The deforma- ion indicator is commonly linear variable differential trans- former (LVDT) or other measuring device meeting the require- ‘ments for accuracy and range. 5.8 Rubber Membrane—The rubber membrane used to en- cease the specimen shall provide reliable protection against leakage. Membranes shall he carefully inspected prior to use, and if any flaws or pinholes are evident, the membrane shall be discarded. To offer minimum restraint to the specimen, the unstretched membrane diameter shall be between 90 and 95 % of that of the specimen. The membrane thickness shall not exceed 1 % of the diameter of the specimen. The membrane shall be sealed to the specimen base and cap with rubber O-rings for which the unstressed inside diameter is between 75 and 85 % of the diameter of the cap and base, or by any method that will produce a positive seal. An equation for correcting the principal stress difference (deviator stress) for the effect of the strength of the membrane is given in 8.8, 5.9 Sample Extruder—The sample extruder shall be capable of extruding the soil core from the sampling tube in the same direction of travel in which the sample entered the tube and with minimum disturbance of the sample. If the soil core is not extruded vertically, care should be taken to avoid bending stresses on the core due to gravity. Conditions at the time of sample removal may dictate the direction of removal, but the principal concern is to keep the degree of disturbance minimal. 5.10 Specimen-Size Measurement Devices—Devices used to measure the height and diameter of the specimen to three or more significant digits (readability) with an accuracy not to exceed 0.25 % of its full range. The devices shall be con- structed such that during use the specimen is not disturbed or deformed Nore 8—Circumferential mewsuring apes are recommended over calipers for measuring the diameter 5.1L Timer—A timing device indicating the elapsed testing time to the nearest 1 s shall be used for establishing the rate of strain application prescribed in 7.5 and recording the time during specimen compression as required in 7.6. 5.12 Balances—A balance or scale conforming to the re- quirements of Specification D4753 readable (with no estima- tion) to 0.1 % of the test mass, or better. 5.13 Miscellaneous Apparatus—Specimen trimming and carving tools including a wire saw, steel straightedge, miter box and vertical trimming lathe, apparatus for preparing remolded specimens, membrane and O-ring expander, water content comtainers, and data sheets shall be provided as required, ‘Test Specimens 6.1 Specimen Size—Specimens shall be cylindrical and have 4 minimum diameter of 33 mm (1.3 in.). The average height- to-average diameter ratio shall be between 2 and 2.5. The largest particle size shall be smaller than one sixth the specimen diameter. If, after completion of a test, it is found based on visual observation that oversize particles are present, indicate this information in the report of test data (see 9.2.14), Nor 9—If oversize panicles are found in the specimen afte testing. a Paticle-size analysis may be performed in accordance with Test Method D422 or D613 to confirm the visual observation and the results provided: With the test report (See 92.4, 62 Intact Specimens—Prepare intact specimens from large intact samples or from samples secured in accordance with Practice DI587 or other aeceplable intact tube samplingExemplar para uso exclusive - CHAMMAS ENGENHARIA LTDA - 26.699.174/0001-18 (Pedide 685581 Impresso: 20/09/2018) AG) D2850 - 15 procedures. Samples shall be preserved and transported in accordance with the practices for Group C samples in Practices 'D4220/D4220M. Specimens obiained by tube sampling may be tested without trimming except for cutting the end surfaces plane and perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the specimen, provided soil characteristics are such that no signifi cant disturbance results from sampling. Handle specimens carefully to minimize disturbance, changes in eross section, or change in water content. If compression or any type of noticeable disturbance would be caused by the extrusion device, split the sample tube lengthwise or cut the tube in suitable sections to facilitate removal of the specimen with minimum disturbance, Prepare trimmed specimens, in an environment such as a controlled high-humidity room where soil water content change is minimized, Where removal of pebbles or crumbling resulting from trimming causes voids on the surface of the specimen, carefully fill the voids with remolded soil obtained from the trimmings. When the sample condition permits, a vertical trimming lathe may be used to reduce the specimen to the required diameter. After obtaining the required diameter, place the specimen in a miter box and cut the specimen to the final height with a wire saw or other suitable device, Trim the surfaces with the steel straightedge. Perform one or more water content determinations on material trimmed from the specimen in accordance with Test Method 12216. Determine the mass and dimensions of the specimen consistent with 5.12 and 5.10. A minimum of three height measurements (120° apart) and at least three diameter mea- surements at the quarter points of the height shall be made to determine the average height and diameter of the specimen, 6.3 Compucted/Reconstituted Specimens—Soil required for compacted/reconstituted specimens shall be thoroughly mixed with sufficient water to produce the desired water content. If water is added to the soil, store the material in a covered container for at least 16 h prior to compaction. Compacted/ reconstituted specimens may be prepared by compacting ma- Cerial in at least six layers using a split mold of circular cross section having dimensions meeting the requirements enumer- ated in 6.1, Specimens may be compacted/reconstituted 10 the desired density by either: (/) kneading or tamping each layer ‘until the accumulative mass of the soil placed in the mold is compacted/reconstituted to a known volume; or (2) by adjust- ing the number of layers, the number of tamps per layer, and the force per tamp, The top of each layer shall be scarified prior { the addition of material for the next layer. The tamper used {to compact the material shall have a diameter equal to or less than one half the diameter of the mold. After a specimen is formed, with the ends perpendicular to the longitudinal axis, remove the mold and determine the mass and dimensions of the specimen using the devices described in 5.12 and 5.10, Perform one or more water content determinations on excess material used to prepare the specimen in accordance with Test ‘Method D2216, 64 Remolded Specimens—Specimens may be prepared ci ther from a failed intact specimen or from a disturbed sample providing it is representative of the failed intact specimen. In the case of failed intact specimens, wrap the material in a thin rubber membrane and work the material thoroughly with the finger to ensure complete remolding. Avoid entrapping air in the specimen, Exercise care to obtain a uniform density, 10 remold to the same void ratio as the intact specimen, and to preserve the water content of the soil, Form the disturbed material into a mold of circular cross section having dimen- sions meeting the requirements of 6.1. After removal from the ‘mold, determine the mass and dimensions of the test specimen consistent with 5.12 and 5.10. A minimum of three height ‘measurements (120° apart) and at least three diameter mea- surements at the quarter points of the height shall be made to dotermine the average height and diameter of the specimen. Noni: 10—Ht is common for the unit weight of the specimen after removal from the mold tobe less than the value based on the volume of the mold, This cceurs a a result of the specimen swelling after removal ofthe lateral confinement due to the mol 7. Procedure 7.1 Place the membrane on the membrane expander or. if it is to be rolled onto the specimen, roll the membrane onto the impermeable rigid cap or base. Place the specimen on the hase Place the rubber membrane around the specimen and seal it at the cap and base with O-rings or other positive seals at exch end. A thin coating of silicon grease on the venical surfaces of the cap or base will aid in sealing the membrane, 7.2 With the specimen eneased in the rubber membrane which is sealed to the specimen cap and base and positioned in the chamber, assemble the triaxial chamber. Bring the axial load piston into contact with the specimen cap several times to permit proper seating and aligament of the piston with the cap, ‘When the piston is brought into contact the the reading on the deformation indicator to three signifi digits. During this procedure, take care not 10 apply an stress to the specimen exceeding approximately 0.5% of the «estimated compressive strength. Lock the piston in place above the specimen cap after checking the seating and alignment an keep locked unil application of the chamber pressure 7.3 Place the chamber in position in the axial loading device. Be careful to align the axial loading device, the axial load-measuring deviee, and the triaxial chamber to prevent the application of a lateral force to the piston during testing. Attach the pressure-maintaining and measurement device and fill the ‘chamber with the chamber fluid. Lock the piston or hold in place by axial loading device before applying the chamber pressure. Adjust the pressure-maintaining and measurement device to the desired chamber pressure and apply the pressure to the chamber fluid. Wait approximately ten minutes after the application of chamber pressure to allow the specimen to stabilize under the chamber pressure prior to application of the axial load. ‘Nowe 11—In some eases the chamber will be filed and the chamber Pressure applied before placement inthe axial loading dev Nom 12—The waiting period may need to be inereased for soft or parially saturated Soils, 7.4 Unlock the piston. If the axial load-measuring device is located outside of the triaxial chamber, the chamber pressure will produce an upward force on the pision that will react against the axial loading device, In this case, start the test sith the piston slightly above the specimen cap, and before theExemplar para uso exclusive - CHAMMAS ENGENHARIA LTDA - 25.699.174/0001-15 (Pedido 685581 Impresso: 20/09/2018) Af D28s0 - 15 Piston comes in contact with the specimen cap, either: (J) ‘measure and record the initial piston friction to three significant 4igits and upward thrust of the piston produced by the ehamber pressure and later correct the measured axial load, of (2) adjust the axial load-measuring device to compensate for the friction and thrust. If the axial loac-measuring device is located inside the chamber, it will not be necessary to eorrect or compensate for the uplift force acting on the axial loading device or for piston friction, In both cases record the initial reading on the deformation indicator when the piston contacts the specimen cap. Measuire the chamber pressure and adjust if necessary. Record the chamber pressure in accordance with 5.5 78 Select a strain rate between 0.3 to 1% /nin, The rate of strain shall be chosen so that the time to failure does not exceed about 15 minutes. Nowe 13—Softer or plastic materials will exhibit larger deformation at faire and should be’ tested at arate of tain in the higher range Conversely, sti of brite materials wil exhibit small deformations at failure less than 6 % axial strain) and shouldbe lest a a rae of sain inthe lower range 7.6 Record load and deformation values to three significant digits and time to the nearest second, If desired, chamber pressure readings may be obtained at each reading and will negate the requirement for an initial and final chamber reading. Take sufficient readings to define the stess-strain curve: hence, ‘more frequent readings may be required in the carly stages of the test and as failure is approached. Typically, readings at about 0.1, 0.2, 0.3.0.4, and 0.5 % strain; then at imerements of about 0.5 % strain 10 3 %; and, thereafter at every 1% define the curve adequately 7.7 Continue the loading to 15 % axial strain, or when the principal stress difference (deviator stress) has peaked then dropped by more than 20 %, or the axial strain has reached at least 5 % beyond the strain at which the peak in principal stress difference (deviator stress) occurred. 7.8 If chamber pressure readings were not recorded during ‘compression testing, record the chamber pressure at the end of the test 7.9 After completion of the test, remove the test specimen from the chamber. Determine the water content of the test specimen in accordance with Test Method D216 using the catire specimen, if possible. 7-10 Prior to placing the specimen (or portion thercof) in the oven to dry. sketch a picture or take a photograph of the specimen showing the mode of failure (shear plane, bulging, ete) 8. Caleulation 8.1 Calculations as shown are based on the use of SI units Other units are permissible, provided the appropriate conver- sion factors are used to maintain consistency of units through out the calculations. See 1.4.1 for additional comments on the use of inch-pound units 8.2. Equations are presented using a single and dimension- ally consistent set of units. Fach equation makes use of the ‘most convenient unit for each variable in the calculation. The ‘multiplier unit conversion factors are not provided in the equations for simplicity and may be required 10 provide ‘dimensional consistency between equations. Other units may be used and still be in conformance with these test methods, 8.3 Measurements and calculations shall contain three sig- aificant digits. More significa digits can be used in accor- dance with the criteria established by Practice D6026. 84 Calculate the axial strain fora given applied axial load, as follows aH . eG" b where: e axial strain for the given axial load (expressed as a decimal), ‘AH = change in height of specimen during loading as read from deformation indicator, mm, and My = ‘ital height of test specimen minus any change in length prior to loading, mm. 8.5 Calculate the average cross-sectional area for a given applied axial load as follows: = 2 T-9 = average cross-sectional area, m? and Ay. = initial average cross-sectional area of the specimen, Nove 14—“In the event that the application of the chamber pressure resus in a change io the specimen lengih 4, should be contected to reflect this change in volume, Frequenly, this 1 done hy assuming that Inter strains are equal to verical stains. The diameter after volume change would be given by D=D, (= AI 8.6 Calculate the measured principal stress difference (de- Viator sizess), for a given applied axial load as follows: z s,-a=% @ where: %~9y = measured principal stress difference (deviator stress), N/m? = kPa P = measured applied axial load (corrected for uplift and piston friction, if required as obtained in 7.4), KN, and A = corresponding average cross-sectional area, m? 8.7 Stvess-Strain Curve—Prepare a graph showing the rela- tionship between principal stress difference (devialor stress) and axial stain, plotting deviator stress as ordinate and axial strain (in percent) as abscissa. Select the unconsolidated- tundrained compressive strength and axial strain at failure in accordance with the definitions in 3.2.1 and 3.2.2 88 Correction for Rubber Membrane—The following equa- tion shall be used to correct the principal stress difference (deviator stress) for the effect of the rubber membrane if the error in principal stress difference (deviator stress) due to the strength of the membrane exceeds $ %: AE tty 4 slo, — # aExemplar para uso exclusivo - CHAMMAS ENGENHARIA LTDA - 25.699.174/0001-15 (Pedide 685581 Impresso: 20/09/2018) fl v28so - 15 where: A(o,~ 93), = membrane correction to be subtracted from the measured principal stress difference, D ‘\ViAie diameter of specimen, m, En ‘Young's modulus for the membrane material, Nim’ = kPa, ba thickness of the membrane, 1, and { axial strain (decimal format). 8.8.1 The Young’s modulus of the rubber membrane (E,,) may be determined by hanging a 15.0 mm (0.6 in.) circumfer- ential strip of membrane over a thin rod, placing another rod through the bottom of the hanging membrane, and measuring the Force per unit strain obtained by stretching the membrane. The modulus value may be computed using the following equation F (a) (i 6) T where: E,, = Young's modulus of the membrane material, KNim? = KPa, F = force applied to stretch the membrane, ky mass times 9.8087 m/s” = N, unstretched length of the membrane, m, change in length of the membrane due 10 applied force ©), m, Ay, = area of the membrane = 2,,W,, m?, and idth of circumferential sirip of membrane, 1S mm (0.6 in.), ical value of E,, for latex membrane is 1400 kPa (203 [Nora 15—The effect of the sifness of the membrane on the lateral stress is usually assumed to be negligible "Nar. I6—The correction for tubher membranes is based on simplified assumptions concemming thei behavior during shest. Their acual behavior is complex, and dhere isnot 3 consensus on more exact corrections 89 Calculate the major and minor principal total stresses and unconsolidsted-undrained compressive strength a failure as follows: {9;¢_= major principal total stress corrected = deviator stress fat failure minus the membrane correction plus chamber pressure, and 65 = minor principal total stress = chamber pressure. Unconsolidated-Undrained Compressive Strength at Failure Oey co 8.10 Calculate the initial degree of saturation of the test specimen using the initial mass, dimensions, and water content Nore 17—The specific gravity determined in accordance with Test Methods D854 is required for calculation of the saturation, An assumed specific gravity may bo used provided itis noted in the test report tht an assumed value was used 9. Report: Test Data Sheet(s/Form(s) 9.1 ‘The methodology used to specify how data are recorded oon the data sheet(s\form(s, as given below, is covered in 13 and Practice D6026. 9.2. Record as a minimum the following general information (data: 9.2.1 Identification data and visual description (Practice 2488 or, if the information is available, Practice D2487) of specimen including soil classification and whether the speci- men is intact, compacted/reconstituted, remolded, or otherwise prepared, 9.2.2 Values of plastic limit and liquid Limit, in accordance with Test Mothods D418, 9.2.3 Value of specific gravity of solids and notation it the value was determined in accordance with Test Methods D854 or assumed, determined, 9.2.4 Panticle-size analysis, if determined, in accordance with Test Method D422 or D6913, 9.2.5 Average initial height and diameter of the specimen, 9.2.6 Initial specimen dry unit weight, void ratio, water content, and saturation. (Specify if the water content was obtained from cuttings, excess material, or the entire specimen.) .2.7 Tabulation of readings of load, deformation, and chamber pressure, if recorded at each reading, 9.2.8 Initial and final measurements of chamber pressure not recorded at each reading, 9.2.9 Rate of axial strain, percent per minute, 9.2.10 Axial strain at failure, percent. 9.2.11 The value of the compressive strength and the values of the minor and major principal stresses at failure, (Indicate when values have been corrected for membrane effects), 9.2.12 Stress-strain curve as described in 8.7, 9.2.13 Failure sketch or photograph of the specimen, and 9.2.14 Remarks and notations regarding any unusual condi tions such as slickensides, stratification, shells, pebbles, roots. ‘te., oF other information necessary to properly interpret the results obtained including any departures from the procedure outlined. 10. Precision and Bias 10.1. Precision—Test data on precision is not presented due to the nature of the soil materials tested by this test method. It is either not feasible or 100 costly at this time to have ten o more laboratories participate in a round-robin testing program, ‘Also, it is either not feasible or too costly to produce multiple specimens that have uniform physical properties. Any variation ‘observed in the data is just as likely to be due to specimen variation as to operator or laboratory testing variation, 10.1.1 Subcommittee D18.05 is seeking any data from users of this test method that might be used to make a limited statement on precision 10.2. Bias—There is no accepted reference value for this test method; therefore, bias cannot be determined, LL. Keywords 11.1 cohesive soil; lateral confiniement;_ strain-controlled loading: stress-strain relationships: total stresses: unconsoli- dated undrained strengthExemplar para uso exclusive - CHAMMAS ENGENHARIA LTDA - 25.699.174/0001-15 (Pedido 685581 Impresso: 20/09/2018) fy’ v2aso - 15 SUMMARY OF CHANGES. In accordance with Committee D18 policy, this section identifies the location of changes to this standard since the last edition (2003 (Reapproved 2007)) that may impact the use of this standard. (November 1, 2015) (1) Changed “undisturbed” to “intact.” (5) Clarified the procedure, (2) Added more information regarding Mohr failure envelopes. (6) Measurement of chamber pressure was required, (3) Revised the apparatus requirements with an emphasis on (7) Added units and significant digit requirements, requirements rather than pieces of equipmen that could be used to meet the requirements. 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