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Class Exercises - Adders

The document discusses adding binary numbers using 4-bit adders. It shows the structure of a 4-bit adder and how two 4-bit adders can be connected to add 8-bit binary numbers by separating the numbers into upper and lower nibbles.

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KGOTSO MORABA
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138 views14 pages

Class Exercises - Adders

The document discusses adding binary numbers using 4-bit adders. It shows the structure of a 4-bit adder and how two 4-bit adders can be connected to add 8-bit binary numbers by separating the numbers into upper and lower nibbles.

Uploaded by

KGOTSO MORABA
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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FIGURE 6-6

EXERCISE

Digital Fundamentals, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Thomas L. Floyd All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 6-6
EXERCISE

Sum & Carry?


Digital Fundamentals, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Thomas L. Floyd All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 6-6
EXERCISE

Sum & Carry?


Digital Fundamentals, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.
Thomas L. Floyd All Rights Reserved
Add the numbers and show how the values on the
cascaded adders
FIGURE 6-8 EXERCISE (101)2 + (011)2

Digital Fundamentals, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Thomas L. Floyd All Rights Reserved
FIGURE 6-8
(101)2 + (011)2

Digital Fundamentals, Eleventh Edition Copyright © 2015 by Pearson Education, Inc.


Thomas L. Floyd All Rights Reserved
4-bit Adder
ADDER
ADDER
1 (LSB)
(LSB) IN_A0
IN_A0 0
4-bit input value A IN_A1
IN_A1 1 IN_A2
IN_A2 0 1
IN_A3 OUT1
IN_A3 OUT1 1
(MSB) OUT2 4-bit output value
(MSB) OUT2 1
OUT3
OUT3 OUT4 1
OUT4 (LSB)
(LSB) 1 IN_B0
IN_B0 0
4-bit input value B 0 IN_B1
IN_B1 IN_B2
IN_B2 1 IN_B3
IN_B3 (MSB)
(MSB)
1 CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT 0
CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT

4-bit adder with binary input values


Symbol of 4-bit adder A B Cin = answer
0101 + 1001 + 1 = 1111 with no output carry
Add the numbers and show how the values be on the 4-bit adder
4-bit Adder
ADDER
ADDER
1 (LSB)
(LSB) IN_A0
IN_A0 0
4-bit input value A IN_A1
IN_A1 1 IN_A2
IN_A2 0 1
IN_A3 OUT1
IN_A3 OUT1 1
(MSB) OUT2 4-bit output value
(MSB) OUT2 1
OUT3
OUT3 OUT4 1
OUT4 (LSB)
(LSB) 1 IN_B0
IN_B0 0
4-bit input value B 0 IN_B1
IN_B1 IN_B2
IN_B2 1 IN_B3
IN_B3 (MSB)
(MSB)
1 CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT 0
CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT

4-bit adder with binary input values


Symbol of 4-bit adder A B Cin = answer
0101 + 1001 + 1 = 1111 with no output carry
4-bit Adder
ADDER
ADDER
1 (LSB)
(LSB) IN_A0
IN_A0 0
4-bit input value A IN_A1
IN_A1 1 IN_A2
IN_A2 0 1
IN_A3 OUT1
IN_A3 OUT1 1
(MSB) OUT2 4-bit output value
(MSB) OUT2 1
OUT3
OUT3 OUT4 1
OUT4 (LSB)
(LSB) 1 IN_B0
IN_B0 0
4-bit input value B 0 IN_B1
IN_B1 IN_B2
IN_B2 1 IN_B3
IN_B3 (MSB)
(MSB)
1 CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT 0
CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT

4-bit adder with binary input values


Symbol of 4-bit adder A B Cin = answer
0101 + 1001 + 1 = 1111 with no output carry
4-bit adder with waveforms
ADDER Determine the
A0
(LSB)
output waveforms of
IN_A0 A1
IN_A1 the 4-bit adder.
IN_A2 A2
IN_A3 OUT1
(MSB) OUT2 A3
OUT3
OUT4 B0
(LSB)
IN_B0 B1
IN_B1
IN_B2 B2
IN_B3
(MSB) B3
CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT CARRY_IN
OUT1
OUT2
OUT3
OUT4
CARRY_OUT
FIGURE 6-12 Two 74HC283 adders connected as an 8-bit parallel adder (pin numbers are in parentheses).

Fill in the values at the output of the adder


FIGURE 6-12 Two 74HC283 adders connected as an 8-bit parallel adder (pin numbers are in parentheses).
Two 4-bit adders used to add two 8-bit numbers
ADDER ADDER
(LSB) (LSB)
Lower nibble of IN_A0 Upper nibble of IN_A0
0 0
8-bit input IN_A1 8-bit input IN_A1
value A IN_A2 value A IN_A2
IN_A3 OUT1 Lower nibble of IN_A3 OUT1 Upper nibble of
(MSB) OUT2 (MSB) OUT2 8-bit output
8-bit output
OUT3 OUT3 value
value
OUT4 OUT4
(LSB) (LSB)
Lower nibble 0 IN_B0 Upper nibble of IN_B0
of 8-bit input IN_B1 8-bit input IN_B1
value B IN_B2 value B IN_B2
IN_B3 IN_B3
(MSB) (MSB)
CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT

( A + Cin ) + ( B ) = answer with carry


(10011101 + 1) + (10111100) = 01011010 with a carry = 101011010 – 9-bit value answer
Can you verify if the binary output value is correct?
Fill in the values at the input and output of the adder
Two 4-bit adders used to add two 8-bit numbers
ADDER ADDER
(LSB) (LSB)
Lower nibble of IN_A0 Upper nibble of IN_A0
0 0
8-bit input IN_A1 8-bit input IN_A1
value A IN_A2 value A IN_A2
IN_A3 OUT1 Lower nibble of IN_A3 OUT1 Upper nibble of
(MSB) OUT2 (MSB) OUT2 8-bit output
8-bit output
OUT3 OUT3 value
value
OUT4 OUT4
(LSB) (LSB)
Lower nibble 0 IN_B0 Upper nibble of IN_B0
of 8-bit input IN_B1 8-bit input IN_B1
value B IN_B2 value B IN_B2
IN_B3 IN_B3
(MSB) (MSB)
CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT CARRY_IN CARRY_OUT

( A + Cin ) + ( B ) = answer with carry


(10011101 + 1) + (10111100) = 01011010 with a carry = 101011010 – 9-bit value answer
Can you verify if the binary output value is correct?

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