‘Thanks for trying out Immersive Reader. Share your feedback with us. <7 Fuzzy Logic - Membership Function Previous Page Next Page We already know that fuzzy logic is not logic that is fuzzy but logic that is used to describe fuzziness. This fuzziness is best characterized by its membership function. In other words, we can say that membership function represents the degree of truth in fuzzy logis ‘Membership Function of furzy set A o y Membership Function Following are a few important points relating to the membership function ~ * Membership functions were first introduced in 1965 by Lofti A. Zadch in his first research paper “fuzzy sets” + Membership functions characterize fuzziness (i.e, all the information in fuzzy set), whether the elements in fuzzy sets are discrete or continuous. + Membership functions can be defined as a technique to solve practical problems by experience rather than knowledge. + Membership functions are represented by graphical forms. + Rules for defining fuzziness are fuzzy too. Mathematical Notation ‘We have already studied that a fuzzy set 4 in the universe of information U can be defined a of ordered pairs and it can be represented mathematically as — aset A{OHAM(Y))IVEU} Here #A~(:) = membership function of A~; this assumes values in the range from 0 to I, i.e., pA~ ()E[0,1]. The membership function 1A~(-) maps U to the membership spaceM. ‘The dot (*) in the membership function described above, represents the element in a fuzzy set; whether it is discrete or continuous.Features of Membership Functions We will now discuss the different features of Membership Functions. Core For any fuzzy set A~, the core of a membership fun egion of universe that is characterize by full membership in the set. Hence, core consists of all those elements y of the universe of information such that, wAc(y=1 Support For any fuzzy set A~, the support of a membership function is the regi characterize by a nonzero membership in the set. Hence core consists of all those elements y of the universe of information such that, a) Boundary For any fuzzy set A~, the boundary of a membership function is the region Of Universe that is ‘characterized by a nonzero but incomplete membership in the set. Hence, core consists of all those elements y of the universe of information such that, I>pAyPo Features of Membership Function Fuzzification It may be defined as the process of transforming a crisp set to a fuzzy set or a fuzzy set to fuzzier set. Basically, this operation translates accurate crisp input values into linguistic variables. Following are the two important methods of fuzzification —Mesmbey Stapp Frnetink Membershap function (mF): ee | Feray See A Of uwiverse X Ak defined by. Fumetion A, CX) Called Ea membership: Funchion_ of Set A F400! X39 [6,1], here Ap OD=L DFA me A we 3s | CX) = 0, 9F 430 watina | MORCTIER celeas (Fe nace 2H membeyship faction As & Funchion thet spectre Hea Atgret to Which 4 Auer inprt belongs one doa Bete . OD Lae! Te Gre of a mehverstp Racin OF Members Gece Goguayeet) Fuiay Set A de Attia aA ad YEien of tarren enone BAAR menterseh heat dx Chevackrined ty Quylete ‘ehretents Aba degree of membevdbibyaise | iw tea Set: Called membersiip valan of eltmen€x ih 1h FamcioSupport Fuzzification(s-fuzzification) Method In this method, the fuzzitied set can be expressed with the help of the following relation — An=1Q(x1)}+ 12Q(x2)+.+ nC) Tere the fuzzy set Q(xi) is called as kernel of fuzzification. This method is implemented by keeping j1i constant and xi being transformed to a fuzzy set Q(xi). Grade Fuzzification (g-fuzzification) Method Itis quite similar to the above method but the main difference is that it kept xi constant and yi is expressed as a fuzzy set. Defuzzification It may be defined as the process of reducing a fuzzy set into a crisp set or to convert a fuzzy member into a erisp member. We have already studied that the fuzzification process involves conversion from crisp quantities to fuzzy quantities. In a number of engineering applications, it is necessary to defuzzify the result or rather “fuzzy result” so that it must be converted to crisp result, Mathematically, the process of Defuzzification is also called “rounding it off” ‘The different methods of Defuzzification are described below — Max-Membership Method This method is limited to peak output functions and also known as height method. Mathematically it can be represented as follows ~ HA~(x#)>HA~(x)forallxeX Here, x* is the defuzzified output. Centroid Method This method is also known as the center of area or the center of gravity method. Mathematically, the defuzzified output x* will be represented as — x#=|pA~(x).xdx|wA~(x).dx, Weighted Average Method In this method, each membership function is weighted by its maximum membership value. Mathematically, the defuzzified output x« will be represented as —Mean-Max Membership This method is also known as the middle of the maxima, Mathematically, the defuzzified output x« will be represented as —og ‘Thanks for trying out Immersive Reader. Share your feedback with us. Difference Between Crisp Set and Fuzzy Set Crisp Set: Countability and finiteness are identical properties which are the collection objects of crisp set. ‘X* is a crisp set defined as the group of elements present over the universal set i.e. U. In this case a random element is present that may be a part of X or not that means two ways are possible to define the set. These are first element would become from set X, or it does not come from X. Fuzzy Set: The Integration of the elements having a changing degree of membership in the set is called as fuzzy set. The word “fiuzzy” indicates vagueness, On the other hand, we can say that the replacement among various degrees of the membership implies that the vague and ambiguity of the fuzzy set. Hence, the measurement of the membership of the elements from the universe in the set against a function for detecting the uncertainty and ambiguity. S.No | Crisp Set Fuzzy Set Crisp set defines the value is either 0 | Fuzzy set defines the value between 0 and 1 1 orl including both 0 and 1 Itis also called a classical set. It specifies the degree to which something is, 2 true, It shows full membership It shows partial membership. 3 4 Egl. She is 18 years old. Egl. She is about 18 years old. Eg2. Rahul is 1.6m tall Eg2. Rahul is about 1.6m tall Crisp set application used for digital 5 design. Fuzzy set used in the fuzzy controller. It is bi-valued function logic. It is infinite valued funetion logic Full membership means totally 7 true/false, yes/no, O/1 Partial membership means true to false, yes to no, Oto 1.Tall ¢(5.9) = short (6.1) = tall Short 7 5 6 7 Crisp Set Tall short Po Fuzzy Set Conclusion: The part of distinet set theories are fuzzy set and crisp set, where there are no-finite numbers of logic are implemented in fuzzy set while only two numbers of logic are implemented in crisp set. Master Advanced | osAtive Classes For Data Structures | Siting rotesions ae My Personal Notes arrow_drop_upDifference between Fuzzification and Defuzzification Fuzzification Fuzzification may be defined as the process of transforming a crisp set to a fuzzy set or a fuzzy set to fuzzier set. Basically, this operation translates accurate crisp input values into linguistic variables. Defuzzification Defuzzification It may be defined as the process of reducing a fuzzy set into a crisp set or to convert a fuzzy member into a crisp member. We have already studied that the fuzzification process involves conversion from crisp quantities to fuzzy quantities. In a number of engineering applications, it is necessary to defuzzify the result or rather “fuzzy result" so that it must be converted to crisp result. Mathematically, the process of Defuzzification is also called "rounding it off", Following are the important difference between Fuzzification and Defuzzification. Sr.No. Key Fuzzification Defuzzification Definition Fuzzification is the process of _Defuzzification is the process of reducing a 1 transforming a crisp set to a fuzzy fuzzy set into a crisp set or converting a set or a fuzzy set to fuzzier set. fuzzy member into a crisp member. Purpose —_Fuzzification converts a precise —_Defuzzification converts an imprecise data data into imprecise data. into precise data. 3 Example — Voltmeter. Stepper motor, D/A converter. Methods Inference, Rank ordering, Angular Maximum membership principle, Gentroid 4 used fuzzy sets, Neural network, method, Weighted average method, Center of sums, 5 Complexity Fuzzification is easy. Defuzzification is quite complex to implement. ¢ Approach Fuzifcation uses ifhen rules to Defuzification uses center of gravity fuzzify the crisp value. methods to get centroid of sets.Thanks for trying out Immersive Reader. Share your feedback with us, C7 GA Explain Defuzzification and its methods. teamques10 * 32k teamques10 * 32k Defuzzification: Defuzzification is the process of conversion of fuzzy quantity into a precise quantity. [Al [8] m 1 0s z o 24 6 8 10 {c] Figure 1. [A] first part of fuzzy output (C1) [B] Second part of fuzzy output (C2) [C] Union of part [A] and [B] The union of two membership function in values the max operator, which is going to be the outer envelope of the two or more shapes.Defuzzification methods include: [1] max membership principle [2] centroid method. [3] weighted average method. [4] mean max membership. [5] center of sums. [6] centre of largest area. i [1] Max — membership principle: rst of maxima, last of maxima. M peak output function. Me (x#)> Mc (x) forallx €X [2] Centroid method: centre of mall, centre of gravity or area. XA=[Ms(x).xdxJMe(x).dx M [3] Weighted average method: Valid for symmetrical output membership function, Each membership function is weighted by its max membership value.X*=YMe(xi) xp YMC{xi) Xi” = maximum of with member function, Y= algebraic sum. M 08 os A 0 a b x4=0,5a+0.8b0.5+0.8 [4] Mean max membership method: This is known as middle of the maxima. X*=DisInxp a A at [5] Centre of sums: Algebraic sum of individual fuzzy the union, here, interesting areas are value twice, the defuzzified value X+ ‘X#=[xXDiznMCl(x)dxlxDiznMei(x)dx [6] Centre of largest area: When output consists of at least two converse fuzzy subsets which are not overlapping. When o/p fuzzy sct has at least two converse regions, then the centre of gravity of converse fuzzy sub region having the largest arca is used to obtain defuzzified value, X+=[mei(x).xdximei(x)dx1 KZ (7 ‘This method uses the overall output or union of all individual output fuzzy sets ci for determining the smallest value of the domain maximized membership in ci, 10 12 «14 t of maxima (last of maxima) M 1 os o 24 6 8x 10 2