Indonesian Journal of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science

Vol. 12, No. 3, December 2018, pp. 1195~1202

ISSN: 2502-4752, DOI: 10.11591/ijeecs.v12.i3.pp1195-1202  1195

High Gain Power Generation Based On Hybrid Renewable

Energy for AC Load Application

Shaik Mohammad Irshad, G.P.Ramesh

Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering,
St. Peters Institute of Higher Education and Research, Avadi, Chennai 600054, India

Article Info ABSTRACT

Article history: This study presents the distributed energy source based current fed inverter has
generated high voltage with less passive elements. The hybrid renewable
Received Jul 30, 2018 energy generation such as solar and wind has used. The single stage power
Revised Sep 30, 2018 generation based switched inverter has combined characteristics of both
Accepted Oct 12, 2018 impedance source inverter and switched boost inverter. In conventional
voltage source inverter has less boost ability and high electromagnetic noise
Keywords: immunity to the modified current fed inverter circuit. The single diode
photovoltaic model and wind-based energy generation have fed into current
Modified Current fed Switched fed switched inverter for improving high gain and high power factor. The
Inverter (MCFSI) maximum power point tracking such as incremental conductance algorithm
Permanent magnet synchronous has fast-tracking of solar power and generates continuous power to the inverter
motor (PMSM) circuit. 12V solar power and wind power is designed for dc power production,
Photovoltaic (PV) and the output of dc link capacitor is 118V using current fed switched inverter.
The current fed switched inverter is designed and implemented in
Proportional Integral (PI) MATLAB/Simulink environment.
controller
Pulse Width Modulation(PWM) Copyright © 2018 Institute of Advanced Engineering and Science.
Wind All rights reserved.

Corresponding Author:
Shaik Mohammad Irshad,
Department of Electrical and Communication Engineering,
St. Peter’s Institute of Higher Education and Research,
Chennai, Tamilnadu, India.
Email: [email protected]

1. INTRODUCTION
The voltage source inverter has less output voltage compared to the input voltage. The micro grid
based input supply is given to the current fed switched inverter has enhanced the output voltage and reduce the
voltage stress. The distribution generation has interfaced with power electronic converter and control method
to increase the performance of drive system. The wind PMSG and photovoltaic energy-based power generation
are utilized [1-3]. In recent days the operation of power electronic converter is rising, and current fed switched
has single stage inverter circuit. The galvanic isolation based transformer has more attractive and utilizes the
pulse width modulation for regulating the dc link current. The power converter based on control technique for
reducing the total harmonic distortion and enhances the efficiency [4-5].

1.1 Background
The multilevel converter has introduced the voltage level, and current fed inverter circuit. The current
source converter has the function in various applications such as high dynamic response and high power drives.
The current source inverter has inherent voltage gain, short circuit prevention and increases the reliability [6].
The soft switch inverter based residential application for high voltage ratio. The zero commutation voltage
based on the snubberless circuit with the clamping device. The performance of series-connected modules has
either mismatch or partial shading the power is reduced. The parallel connection of PV modules has more
advantageous than series connected device because it has less illumination dependent on open circuit voltage,

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1196  ISSN: 2502-4752

power is less influenced by small variation in maximum power point tracking voltage, and the output voltage
is less sensitive to load variation [7].

1.2 Problem
The incremental conductance method is used for better accuracy at the output and fast convergence
speed in the photovoltaic system. The algorithm has reduced the division estimation and encounters the steady
state power oscillation and the dynamic problem such as environmental changes. The nonlinear characteristics
of PV module on temperature and irradiance level have enhanced the maximum power and required sensor [8].
The modified current fed switched inverter has obtained the characteristics of both impedance source
inverter and switched boost inverter for high gain, and inherent shoot through protection has high
electromagnetic noise immunity. The inverter has widely used in both photovoltaic and wind energy generation
and continuous supply of power to high gain. The incremental conductance based maximum power generated
from the photovoltaic supply. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation is utilized in inverter circuit fed AC load
application.

1.3 Objectives
a) To generate high voltage using less passive elements based on distributed energy resources powered current
fed switched inverter
b) To implement incremental conductance MPPT algorithm to extract continuous power from distributed
energy resource

2. METHODS
The proposed method utilizes the microgrid based current fed switched inverter for AC load
application is shown in Figure 1. The hybrid energy such as solar, wind energy generation has used as a source
of proposed modified current fed switched inverter has generate high gain voltage compared to conventional
inverter methodology. The harmonics is reduced and enhances the power factor correction of proposed inverter
using sinusoidal pulse width modulation in inverter circuit methodology.

Photovoltaic
Energy
Modified Current fed Three Phase AC
switched Inverter Load

Wind Energy

V, I
PI and MPPT Based
Controller and Sinusoidal
PWM (Inverter)

Figure 1. Block Diagram of Proposed Circuit

2.1. Modeling Of Micro Grid

2.1.1 Photovoltaic Energy Generation
The single diode photovoltaic energy generation has more reliable and connected with converter
circuit for generating high voltage. The semiconductor material has used for absorption of radiation from
sunlight and electron moves, thus by generating electricity. The more PV cell is connected in series to form a
module. More modules are connected to form an array. The derived form of a current-voltage equation is
described as by:

𝑞𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 = 𝑁𝑃 {𝐼𝑝ℎ − 𝐼0 {𝑒𝑥𝑝 ( )}} (1)
𝑛𝑁𝑠 𝐾𝑇

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 12, No. 3, December 2018 : 1195 – 1202
Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  1197

Where in above Equation (1) current and Voltage of photovoltaic array is denoted by 𝐼𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟 and 𝑉𝑠𝑜𝑙𝑎𝑟
respectively, short circuit current of a photovoltaic array and saturation current are denoted by 𝐼𝑝ℎ and 𝐼0
Respectively. The circuit diagram of the photovoltaic cell is shown in Figure 2.

Rs

D1
IL Rsh

Figure 2. Circuit Diagram of Photovoltaic Cell

In exchange for the solar power to extract maximum power from the solar array, an MPPT (Maximum
Power Point Tracking) is applied widely in modeling and application solar array as [9-10]. The voltage and
current of PV model in equ (1) is substitute by 𝑉𝑀𝑃𝑃 and 𝐼𝑀𝑃𝑃 is given by:

𝑞𝑉𝑀𝑃𝑃
𝐼𝑀𝑃𝑃 = 𝑁𝑃 {𝐼𝑝ℎ − 𝐼0 {𝑒𝑥𝑝 ( )}} (2)
𝑛𝑁𝑠 𝐾𝑇

2.1.2 MPPT
The maximum power point tracking has generated high power from photovoltaic model. The
parameter of photovoltaic energy generation such as voltage, power and current has extracted from PV. The
incremental conductance has high tracking ability of power from the supply [11-12]. The following equation
is described by left side maximum power increment and right side maximum power decrement as given by
Figure 3 shows the flowchart of incremental conductance algorithm. The below following conditions are
considered to track or extract maximum power using proposed MPPT Topology.

Begin

Initialization

Read of V and I
Yes No Yes Yes

dI/dV=-I/V V(n)-V(n-1)=0 I(n)-I(n-1)=0

No No

dI/dV>-I/V I(n)>I(n-

Vpv*= Vpv -ΔVn Vpv*= Vpv +ΔVn Vpv*= Vpv -ΔVn Vpv*= Vpv +ΔVn
No Yes Yes No

End

Figure 3. Flow Chart of Incremental Conductance Algorithm

High Gain Power Generation Based On Hybrid Renewable Energy for AC … (Shaik Mohammad Irshad)
1198  ISSN: 2502-4752

𝑑𝑃⁄ = 0 at MPP (3)

𝑑𝑉

𝑑𝑃⁄ > 0 at right side of MPP (4)

𝑑𝑉
𝑑𝑃⁄ < 0 at left side of MPP (5)
𝑑𝑉

𝑑𝑃⁄ = 𝑑(𝑉𝐼) (6)

𝑑𝑉 ⁄
𝑑(𝑉) = 𝐼 + 𝑉𝐼 ∗ 𝑑𝐼⁄𝑑𝑉

𝑑𝐼⁄ = 𝐼⁄ at MPP and 𝑑𝑉 = 0 (7)

𝑑𝑉 𝑉 𝑛

𝑑𝐼⁄ > − 𝐼⁄ left of MPP 𝑑𝑉 = +𝛿 (8)

𝑑𝑉 𝑉 𝑛

𝑑𝐼⁄ < − 𝐼⁄ left of MPP 𝑑𝑉 = −𝛿 (9)

𝑑𝑉 𝑉 𝑛

2.2. Wind Energy Generation

In wind energy generation has utilized the turbine and generator for producing the power and utilize
into power converter. The kinetic energy converts to mechanical energy using wind turbine. The electrical
energy is generated by using generator for supplying mechanical energy. In wind turbine has revolving
propeller-like blades around a rotor. The shaft of the wind turbines moves and produces electricity [13-14].
The maximum power from the wind turbine based on permanent magnet synchronous generator for various
applications. The wind power depended on the speed, air density and swept the area.

1
P AV 3 (10)
2

The amount of energy in the wind varying with the cube of wind speed and high-density air
will generate more power. The area of the wind rotor rotate has generated high power of the turbine from the
wind [7-8]. The swept area depends on the rotor radius, increase in blade length. The torque of wind turbine is
given as:

P
T (11)
Rotorspeed

The wind model is used for generating power from the permanent magnet synchronous generator,
and turbine model has merits such as high efficiency and high power.

3. MODIFIED CURRENT FED SWITCHED INVERTER

The modified current fed switched inverter circuit is shown in Figure 4. The three-phase inverter
utilizes the sinusoidal pulse width modulation for converting dc to alternating current. This inverter can
generate high gain with the minimum passive element [15-20]. The PI-based incremental conductance has used
to supply continuous power. The current fed device has two switches, three diodes, two capacitors and one
inductor are connected to the supply and inverter circuit.
The current fed inverter methodology has two switches Sa and Sb has work simultaneously and
generate the high voltage. The inverter operates under both shoot through and non shoot through the state. In
the shoot, through the switch, Sa and Sb are on, and the inductor L1 is charging from supply and C1 [21-22].
In non-shoot through the state, the switch is turned off, and diode D1 and D2 are forward biased. The inductor
charges the capacitor and power are fed into the inverter circuit. The current ripple across the inductor and
voltage ripple across the capacitor is given as:

Vdc  VC 2 (12)
I L1  DTs
L1

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 12, No. 3, December 2018 : 1195 – 1202
Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  1199

I L1
VC 2  DTS (13)
C2

Figure 4. Circuit Diagram of Modified Current Fed Switched inverter

4. CONTROL STRATEGY OF INVERTER CIRCUIT

The PI-based MPPT control method has fed into the switch Sa and Sb. The photovoltaic output is fed
into the controller circuit and generates the pulse of the converter side. The sinusoidal pulse width modulation
is used in the inverter circuit. The sinusoidal waveform is compared to the triangular waveform for producing
the pulse of the three-phase inverter. The pulse width modulation is employed for the control of switches. The
inverter switching pulse is generated by comparing the sine and carrier signal. The sine wave is less than or
equal to the carrier the pulse is generated and applied to S1 and inverting output is fed to the switch S4. The
sinusoidal pulse generation circuit is shown in Figure 5.

Figure 5. Circuit Diagram of Sinusoidal Pulse Width Modulation

High Gain Power Generation Based On Hybrid Renewable Energy for AC … (Shaik Mohammad Irshad)
1200  ISSN: 2502-4752

5. RESULT ANALYSIS
The proposed hybrid renewable energy based on current fed switched inverter configuration is
implemented, and results are verified in MATLAB/SIMULINK. The overall Simulink proposed circuit
diagram is shown in Figure 6. The photovoltaic and wind is connected in cascaded and generate voltage and
fed into the current source inverter circuit. The PV output voltage waveform is shown in Figure 7. The PV
output current waveform is shown in Figure 8.
The PI and incremental conductance based pulse generation is given to the inverter circuit. The dc
link voltage of inverter circuit is shown in Figure 8. The output voltage waveform is shown in Figure 9. The
output current waveform is shown in Figure 10. The harmonic distortion across output current of an inverter
is 0.81. The current fed switched inverter has generated the 118V dc output from the 12V supply and attained
unity power factor at the inverter output. The resistive load is used in current fed switched inverter.
The harmonic distortion waveform is shown in Figure 11.

Figure 6. Overall Simulation circuit of Current fed Switched Inverter

Figure 7. PV Voltage waveform

Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 12, No. 3, December 2018 : 1195 – 1202
Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci ISSN: 2502-4752  1201

Figure 8. DC Link voltage

Figure 9. Output Voltage Waveform of the Modified Current Fed Switched inverter

Figure 10. Output Current Waveform of Modified Current Fed Switched Inverter

Figure 11. Total Harmonic Distortion

High Gain Power Generation Based On Hybrid Renewable Energy for AC … (Shaik Mohammad Irshad)
1202  ISSN: 2502-4752

6. CONCLUSION
The hybridizing solar and wind energy sources provide a realistic form of maximum power
generation. A maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) algorithm acts a vital role in any renewable resource.
However, centralized MPPT and distributed MPPT are two kinds of important MPPT strategies. Generally, the
current source inverter offers higher reliability, versatile and higher efficiency compared to voltage source
inverter. This paper proposes the modified Current Fed Switched Inverter (MCFSI) which combines the
characteristics of Z-Source Inverter (ZSI) and reduces the passive elements in Switched Boost Inverter (SBI).
The proposed inverter is based on current fed dc/dc topology and uses less L-C filter pair compared to ZSI. In
order to reduce the harmonic, improve voltage gain, and improve the power factor and transformer less, three-
phase inverter methodology is implemented. Even though the passive components count increases, the voltage
gain of the proposed paper is 9.8 and it has increased 46% than the conventional method.

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Indonesian J Elec Eng & Comp Sci, Vol. 12, No. 3, December 2018 : 1195 – 1202