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Molar Gibbs Free Energy

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Muskan Biswal
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28 views1 page

Molar Gibbs Free Energy

Uploaded by

Muskan Biswal
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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The 

zeroth law of thermodynamics defines thermal equilibrium and forms a basis for the


definition of temperature: If two systems are each in thermal equilibrium with a third system, then
they are in thermal equilibrium with each other.
The first law of thermodynamics states that, when energy passes into or out of a system
(as work, heat, or matter), the system's internal energy changes in accordance with the law
of conservation of energy.
The second law of thermodynamics states that in a natural thermodynamic process, the sum of
the entropies of the interacting thermodynamic systems never decreases. A common corollary of
the statement is that heat does not spontaneously pass from a colder body to a warmer body.
The third law of thermodynamics states that a system's entropy approaches a constant value as
the temperature approaches absolute zero. With the exception of non-crystalline solids (glasses),
the entropy of a system at absolute zero is typically close to zero.[2]

In thermodynamics, the chemical potential of a species is the energy that can be absorbed or


released due to a change of the particle number of the given species, e.g. in a chemical reaction
or phase transition. The chemical potential of a species in a mixture is defined as the rate of
change of free energy of a thermodynamic system with respect to the change in the number of
atoms or molecules of the species that are added to the system. Thus, it is the partial
derivative of the free energy with respect to the amount of the species, all other species'
concentrations in the mixture remaining constant. When both temperature and pressure are held
constant, and the number of particles is expressed in moles, the chemical potential is
the partial molar Gibbs free energy.[1][2] At chemical equilibrium or in phase equilibrium, the total
sum of the product of chemical potentials and stoichiometric coefficients is zero, as the free
energy is at a minimum.[3][4][5] In a system in diffusion equilibrium, the chemical potential of any
chemical species is uniformly the same everywhere throughout the system

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