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- Transistor and FET Characteristics
- Transistor Currents
- Transistor Configurations
- Comparison of Transistor Configurations
- Limits and Specifications of BJT
- Field Effect Transistor (FET)
- Comparison of BJT and FET
- MOSFET
- Phototransistor
- Ebers-Moll Model
- Problems and Calculations
| a UNTT-u Oo
Tranyatoy and FET characerisih
—_——- =
ctnhoducionpn_@3 7 A Bipolar sunction tranticler 4 0
Aemiconductor device trot Gan Comply, ehectrorse Signed uch af
Yadig and kelevision fuga TE ih etential tngredenk % Sey)
electonie Creat “The maen applications of Franwelenr 8 Tit used. 04
An Ompb her and used O€ Sattchs the brantiehey 14 developed
Sohn Bardeen and liam, Aboticley, rm 1Quct: Behe the,
tavention of bangitler , Vacumn Juba art presenk hich’ bulky
Coathy and Laxey were Hee to Condutk + To overcome al thege
dijadventogeshantsler '4 developed hoving advantages of
@rrmmplify elechowie signals Such a yadioand TV:
G) Low operating votlage
fin) Smal AZo and Weygedress
® Higher EFRicreney
“she Amphfakon wn te fantthy 14 chewed oy Posting
Sop currenk Augnal fom 2 Jow vYentlance YEion to a
Engh Terakante Nepon :
his Concept of fransfer of sresittarce. has given the name.
“TRANSFER RE S81STOR™ -Hlewe he name TRANSISTOR".
mthere ave boo Lypes of hantstor§
Dumpolr Turchion bransishe ys, FET) UIT
(D Bipolor Sunction bramsigtoy 9g, BIT
S|
;Tn umpolsy harsiler the covet cendehon 1% oly dae.
fo One (ype of Cawieg ye, modowly Charge Cowiers +
“The Curent Conduction % Bipolley brantislors 14 because,
of beth He types of Change Cormier VG holes and
eleckion’ «Hence it iA cabled O% bipolar Sunckion bonsai
Consbuikion of a hantsler' A tansiter bog thee 7
Qoyess of Aentoorducloy material having hwo sunckong
Buiween Hee layers -
Ulhen"p” i dandwitchtd belween lwo eye
NPN hontiter th fowed= TF N loges 14 dondustthed
belween wo *P dayecd, then PNP brantaler A dovened -
1% then fhe
Hence B74 one of two Wye.
CONN transite
® PNP bannstor-
ew) ‘aie,
_ ay
lej—« oa wv Is}
B® Yyobi I;
Boe
: ©
© bg Sakae ond Gyre eu nenand PRs)
“The amoe markt He synboly Yepeseak Re flao of
Current +
“there ane ovo “pn dunchiong tm a hommes’
Wewtber Base ‘Sueekon (Te):
@ tehedor Base Sunchion Te)
Fransesfor hos thee terminalg named o& Emitler(e), BaseC)
and Coblecker (CD:
Emitler's Emitter t& aghly doped eohth medium Age and tt
GrnithA meayenty Cones to base ‘gon
Boser Te ik a Lightly doped ond Ehinew NGpon whith 1
Mluaked om the riddle of Lee “Qguon’ fo fown pay durckong -
Gobedo'r Cortech ih a mneciuny doped ard ong xegion ard
“HE collesty, matory caries fear, Bxne “WEOn!
FH cshalor Ale 1 Ioge beowe collet Y@ion hog to hondle,
wrore Power Hon Gmittex. 2. move Aundace ota 1h Neqired
fox heak dissipation «
Biatry ch bantithos Ty operate trontitley as an ampli fen/
“Lis mewsmry fb bias Yhe Loo pr Sunckong ctHh rtennall vutages «
Deperding, Up eO duleral bios vollage Polasibes Used Ate. honsxter
work ta me oF He Levee segiorh:
(iD Ache ego?
@Deutah Vegiod
BdSolusation responee ee ae
Reg ion) Eresites Bose surchon — Cofecto’ Base tection
flckiwe fonoarvd biosed Reverse biased
cub off Revere loimed Reverse biased
Saluiation Fouomd biased forward biased
taloweng_of Npn_bansisher’ Them NPS tronfithor cotlh base 40
Dratley “pmabon 1 fovomrd biwd hy He Oc Suvce Vee: Thus
He. depletion Yeepon ot His “wrdlion 18 yeduced’ The coltecler to
wor wy ever biased by a Sousce Vee Thus depletion
ase Sunthi
reoion Prtrcases ak Has >unckon Os shoon 99 fig
Se
“The foveal biased emites bose be
Dunchion Cowes We electons lee
Fr the ne Aype. @reiHes tbo al
Flow fownels bose TS BA
Corabjutes the emnlley Ne ppl
Cuoenk Tp: As these elechons
Pleo Hragh tte P-lype bas they
fend Jo tembine with holes tr Prigion (Base) The Base
Hagin is Voy To ond Lgntly doped So Wy feo of He.
chong Indeed to Jo the bore. From ie Temibled Yecorbsne
wkip ales Rom the emiler veconbhhe edt He belts Lo
conttude base Hemenk Teyyand veraetng bouce nook
He
Clectons vor the loo "gion and mow the
Cabletlot von fo the Pokve tewtunal of He Supply
whith Condtlutes We Collector Curmenk Ter The dancinant
Current to NPN tromtiebes i due Jo clechonrs.“Since matt cfHka echo Born emiitey flow toward, @)
Cebtedlor Nery few Comne A halos an The ease: “Thus He
Cebteetor Ceonrenk iS Ranger en the base uowenk (er?)
lowing of Prop_bonsisher'- she pup Hanticles han 118
Bios Vothages Vee. dnd Vee ainch ane necestny to forsand
bias The Omitley hore runckon Gnd ~everse bias Ho
CoWlecloy base. “Seren O shown tn tg.
The found biased LB Serco 2 c-
Couses the holes 90 WO TE,
Piype endtley Jo Soo
Jower ds, fhe boxe THe
Contlitabe the eruttes SL ope oo
Comment Te AR ie qe OM be MG
holes flee tvogh He fee
boxe » Hey tend to ,
ne mith ‘Clechows en TEBE? (ema - Ad He loose 18 Vewy
fro and Ligntly doped , Nowy fexo ol We holes Pnseted % to
Le pase “Bom Ye eestor recmbee Letdh elechons bo Conski
lute base Curent Tg: The resmokony longe noel holes Cxats
dhe deplelion regen and rnove. Yo Colterberr Yegion And
fo the negative Lesmtnah of te Gubemal de Souve » Hip
Conhitule Collector Cwodl “Te Thus He hole Plas
Corakitules the dewinand Cureenk ie pap. bsangeshorq
Te Pe oda .~ |
Tronnitlot Cunents (or Relabion bebwxen
aS lS Se Se
“the Cunent Howinay on t0 The amittey Lexmtrall 13
referred as Emitter Curent and Rdentified O% Te.
she Guwent fleictng pub of the collecloy and base
Leamnaly ane refered ob Cobteckor current: and
Bese Cuymenk veepech ely Cobteclor Curent devoted by Te
Base Current denoted by Ig:
The cmillos Gunenk Te has eajual fo he Sar
of baw and Collector Cunrent
7
Hence ec Te tI¢
The pow erent is Vex} Smant of Colteclor Curent
Fey ad on even hess, 1. 0 eched then the Emitter’
Cumeat and Collector Cuntnt ave reoddy equal -
(erate)Teatht cnfgeatonss “he batts oa be Comet >
Q Grit Me tone thet cig
Cori Comme?
Gmithed Collecky
conkiguisbon
Conbeakio
a 2
Sei og? Ae
oP
tle
ce Contiguvaki son
Ce Con quali ion
tyr ce Condi guration
(HCommon Bose Coty
“The Creat Ahows Commer Base. Condigurad son Tope 4 opi
helueen mitted and bose and outpal 14 baker from
Coltelor and base: Bose 1& Gommon for Input and odpd
Hherefre the name Common base Config wractionhe Know Het FG. = «Tp + Tego =O
Tes Ig +c —-®
Bubpsluke &9,@ Pr ©
Te = «(e+ Ie) + Teeo
do Fpork he
9,2 AT p44, + Lee “Yeverbe- Salosakion
de 6 [ Caterae
So ve Hoe for
Te- Ie =X LR + Jewo speed Hensel
Telia) = xigt Te
where 1 Called Curent amplification foley Gm Corner
Jain to c® el and it is given by
Value 14 abogse Jess Mao 4. (x2 i): Tt Yaryes
from 04S to 0995, typi Value i, 0-98"
Gt @ Be Cane. buluvee top
Coment Ge) and. Sopa Vellage,
(Ved) at Corakonk Veg
Te is taken along Ye ani and
Veo 18 Faken along X-AUg ho \eeteu)
3
”
foalFrom the cRasaclerishica exe have %
Afley }he cut Po Vottag e Vz ov for Ge and Vg2ot¥ for Sty
Hhe Cement Tg Ycwosey a Neg Tneeoser it; Input “evalance
is Smallt
Dh in tte Cone belocen J
Cobleclos cunent Te and &
gee
penigen >
ge now
le-— At
3 See Bom
the coltedlor Base Volleq? ¥ Sig za00h
Veg) at conidant Crier oF prams
Cuoverk Te + Jf ve
crlput charackensticr yes 3 bac,
Megont pee seyer
& Saluasation
® Cubolt regor
Ache _negen's Tn this region Ven it foward bir aod New 1%
Noexse bia Te * approwrrately eqpal to Te ond ® Hos
“egion brorgisler wonky O %9 omphifient:
Sadusabion regien'© To Has repon , New and Veg both cae tn
Ponoard. big + And ia Cane TA crepresered a Jett of
NE “hore 14 On exponenial “metas 19 coflector Guvenk
Fe Os Vem intitores Jowanly Zero Vola,
cubotl tegen Sn His “egion Vem and Veo bothave. reverie
fron The ego betas Re Cuove. Tex toms 14 Kroun a4
cubotl vegion: Tn Hod "egion Te A ready Cqual 0 ZeK0-Canty Cifed or Bay coidth Medulatio
a Sie
——
“To opeate the
uncon Sheutd be fencard
bias and CB Surction Aheuld be ‘Veer bias 1, when
Newie bas Valage View Totes the width of depletion
Vegion Focuares, sohich geduces Ye bow wid h This effeck
iw Cabed 0g ‘Easly, Effick br Bone with, Modelabinn
Rasch thet o puck Hoogh effets When Beveae ben
Vettage Veg Forreaws, He oid th of depletion regen also
Pn cacaaea which VE duces We bow void thy TE Vee Incitoses
mae and wore the Apletion VEFor Completely Rerebrakes
Hoh put He ase which duce he base width bo
Zero whith Cabed o Reach throughion Purch droughe Heh”
AL ARS Crd kon Preandowe occurk fo the transidher
homed 08 an ampliter the @
Common Emitter Conhiguratt
a
Tike conbguatcs Teja oppled bekeren Box and
emitler acd OF sy baker Rom Collechor and emitted
Hexetore Emitter % Common foc both ww Prput and o%
Hence this Conguseon Colled 04 Comey Omittoy
Con fiquiation Re~ de Kew that ©
Te = Gaye + GEae
“Jc = Plot UrPTee (Pr PRT
where Tego is the vererne Sabmabion Current
Subilute (4A Tceo = Tceo
2. Te = BIg + Leto
Teo tH Vey Amal therefore neglected then coe gel
Pte
Br)
Ps Called 8 Guenk ampbifaton factor Gntunrent geo
doy CE confi guvation «
P Value 1A A © 49 appronmately, A S
Tapa chosackeniskicn ae ie
Gt is the tune drawn
pelween enped currenk ‘Ip and
Aepuk vorlage- Vor Keeping
output Vollage conskank Neg»
AS Vee=oV and Vge 13 Ynextaxd
vote
(
Yee)
the bantitlor 1% fowovd prartd terefe after He caben
Voltage Tq Focveases vaprdly,
Fov Vee> sv » Since KW Nevers biased je depletion
Tegien Fnentoses and effeehve bare waddh meduueg
icand Jers teemnbirakion Lake place inthe base Yegion “eduting :
dase cumvent Tp as Akon in ‘UP chars:
0 Veg and Te keeping slpeoreag
Te Condtont - The otpal Char's conse of Hee base wpng.
Ackve xegion'r Tn this Collector “YurckonTe 1s yerene biamd
and Te 3 forwmnel biased > £8 Vee Treveans deplthen Yegion
abo gncveares colvth decicaws fhe base wid th then Te
feduces: DP Te reduces Te rete Yen ned (pF) Toe
Loco jpe Cobletloy current Jo tide Shonphy and stoping
tapwords in ac choy In Hus “epion He bantickeY
iq wed as an ampbher.
Caluration Region's Wihen both eand Te Burchiong axe
“Feconed Baxid the hartitler eporakes in felinabon
Yegion = Ta thin Weapon 0 Nee increares Current (2) inexeases ,
‘the Aaluvation Value of Veg args ble Olte ov
Fn He Sakinabion “egion Homsthes \S Wied as.q Suitehin
ON condition «
Oulpul chars drawn beluee“Cubort ~egien Uhen Te aod Te beth ave In weverser
Dies the parsley Operades do Cekolf regan He
Calleclor Cuwent is Zevo ta is region And banner is
WU aa Saileh in off tondihon +
Ceromon Collector_Confi
Tn Cowman colletst coh
aypeb h opbed beloan base ond Clkels ou self’ nen
Gore exits ond tnieley elec cee Coreen fr th
Fapul ard oudput- Hence TEM
We naw Hal
Called 08 Cornenog Cobbestes Coney
Re
YeonTe the80
ond Te = Tg +3e
Te = Tyr XIE + Teo
e:
Te
-d1¢ = Taree
Te (r= Tat Fee0
Pi D4, 4 6,
Je = (Fa)lat 7a hwo
Je = Cwp3e* CH PIcao (ates wpe]
Te = 126 4 Tees
Negleclog yeverse. Baluaion Cumenk Jorn Tea Hon
Te- Ip
De a( wate $s called os Caowesh
[Ra] eerste fe cfs
chalSepa Chonocleniabick DEA Me. Jeph between Popa Coren
Te ond tnput Voltage Ve ak Constant Vee
“ese. chars ane. quite. dit ferent ae
fom (Band CE emfpacdion de to
Frpuk Nolage Vgc ig reverse biased -
BS Nac in eS To, decrenned -
Ou ch Chor ackenis Ke,
3¢ SEA gy: wo th
She zents
_—— Fe- Bon
Fp-wonA
ome lee)
Sy
NS Nae
7 Oe 2 Say
a ee
Ve
“The enatley Cumend Te is taken along Y-onas and Veg ia, token
HOw “Race Je is appwwrately qual to Te
Collleclor olf chow cue Fone op the op chess of CE cnhpicahon
TFransialor Funchion Nottoge Noles io
y the Cemen
Vee Ga) | Vee tardive) [Nee Cietaatn)
os ob ot |
of OR 03Coenpamsion of CB, CE and CC Conbiqpevartions y
2
a
ce
Property
ce
Lew about 100.
‘Tope “este
Hedesake abot 1
Ovfpuk vesitlorg
Ro
nah boul Usk |
Hodewle aback tora-|Lowo about O¢.2—
Cormeat air
me
tw th |
Fakgnba, cea? |
iy ce etlely wed ©
CE Conk uation
ae 8
Ce esau
‘wation an Peal br
Bk
when Ro of Ataget
1 He onby
call 0 Gusrtedk gain
of R 40 Re
2s hen Horemurn Poots 1
16 Cheat to R of slage &
Arnphekiex cenatls—
Contigueation cohich Provides
tates thon eal
is Amal cach makes
coupling betocen Varios fronteloy
travsfertd from stage | 40 Mage a,“Rablion between saps
le ee ee pes and = ae
Bey eae stp Tein meron
Te-Je 7 and denominated
4 [Te <
Be ore ~ Te <
7
“P Paay
1: To
Wet Ig Tp -+
je picde th Tg numerator and dererinaley
| trtce '
ele oe!
“Em
Te i* Limit ki JT and TS ations "5 — ®
4 of operation of BITS it Spectr ‘ong *,
Foy Gach banter Here 82 “gion of operation cokth Be enemas
yalings ane rot beng exceeded
A there tilt of operation ane dered on pial branstloy
®Pectakon Neck designed by expincer’.
Some f the LOY, of opeeabion ane For CE Confuiadion is
Nordinum Collector Cument > Teco Te © Temat
Aprcifiation Sect Vales; 16 YAS Te & doomA
Hanirmuer, Collects fo ernie Voltage + Veg sab Nee 2Vee non
Specsfiakon sheet Valuey 2 o3V EVE £ 30V
Houtman pours distepabions Remaiy 2 Veete
Specification sheck yobucs + Gs0H! zVee Te
Tn Common Base conkiguralion
Collector dase Lan ww Ve = 25V fo ovTietd cefeck agua ste fed effeck hanteby™
Abtnevoled a FET 1h an another Senticonducley device
eee a B57 hth 4 an Ongbher © Saleh:
Fev iy a Uropalay dewice th echith Gorenk Rows ork due. to
rnvovhy cannes edhe A BIT IAM Gipolor devices
FeT ya tee Jevmrnal device couch contend Sounce (3),
an} Gobe CG) ouk of rue Free Jenetnal, gate tewnteal
acta ax a Conkling lewetnal
fet x0 alage coated once > Te pyr Re oukpuk, Corenk
Fe ib Conbotied by the base camrenk Ty Hence BITE
cenhotled_ device” « on the other bond
bebween gate and Source Ves,
Gopled "Curent
vn FET te elagt appbed
Conti Re. date Cunenk Ips Therefne FET Caled 0»
voltage conblted Aevce’ OP Conbatted ay 0” chet
field shor gn te device yan orkermably apphed Naltege.
eboeen gote and Source jewmanala hence Po ame feta
efet broniuthoy -
Contsotted ovkpuk cusrrenke
a. Cell
Cererk Jo dvs
— nn
Pip wre 1 )
ci
Nes
ile
No!
pot Concent Conbuted done.
Corbett oolpuk vag
EET Y Voltage. corfeted devicaDilloe! fypey of Fer FETs axe oe on
(iNiuachion Reid effedk hanwslora (FETS
real Serterdclor Ped efpeck howsislen® (nesee™*)
Gprietal owe Seer ondulor field eFReck ansitlora (Mosper)
fet
eet al ew
} _| IGFET
co £ TGFE
rrthonel Pehanel rithewrl Phare
IFET yret
esret — MESFET
Depehon Em
SEET Y woseT = MOSFET
i caspuckio® 3— patos pe
small baa of tyre: Sertondl ad
im tarcen and foo ohmic onteds
ane wade Ok thy boo erdg which ge o
ir rem ond Sone tewinly On cee
of FeT. A heathy doped p bye Nehoreel-
Sito % dtr 69 both yedex oF
Ny Aype- base bby ahah PN sunchiong ONE
ovned- “These lqyere on Saeed tegtHor OF abd O&
Cotes G
7 the ge behoren {uo P rion 4 Gated Chomel
oe Chormel ik 1ype AP ET VA Known 1) chanelSource,
Source s- Source iso levmneral tr ee .
eee ee ah oohith mmalorely &
Dosey GE is The lentes
Leaye Ye bax a ‘hog! coborh moadortiy Carrier
Gokes Reovily doped P *tgion> of Gccepley Fexpusi
oth ype of — NAgpe: ban lave Powned
Channel “The "Egior balween les gale Teplors 7% Called
08 Choarel thy cohich rnodmrity Corser. THE Porn
Source Jo dxabn
}
Pomepls of obeabits
Cae®'r Whee Sos"
To the absense of applied Voltas
blo gabe ond Source ara OF
and Source Yeseniral ren Set bor
ake chancel “sacthiond tas veo 7
a depletion bye at each yyachion TL? —
“ 6 Aiko va, torn ceptebm wegen Soke deco
50 Conditio™
“Fle Neto 24 Nos te appbed ‘Tn pet when there'd
no gue poten dial applied ard with Vos!* opphied
Elections Lark te Bow bom
bes on
by Vast Oc
pelween dvain and ounce
ounce Jo Gran Creaking gease Curent Ty « AYP
egion ponebsates, haat" to Nebome.
jreaily doped deghtbor
-ttas depletion segion wider ab the top and nNawoo
ad bottorn. Ths i gue fo “overheating ak top Ade:wor do Vos and Basivd bianrg al hollow de olde!
to Uns, The ope of depletion iegion Mrxa wedge.
Shape Shown fquve-
hy vallage Voss Snotored Porn 0 '0 feso Volt, Ere turer
otll Pnexease am CleLenmined hy ohms Lav
As Vos eothes, te Vp CPinch off Voltexge’) Bo Cumenk is abnor
Conttonk and bus “gion Ve Called “Dageh offigun the.
Yegion Bom 0 40 Vp Sn the Geph 1% camed “chic eg.
es)
and in this, Negion TFET ads Siro 0 vollage Voxible
Gse D+ Both Vos and Vas Opplred(alwoys Vos Aboud be
ee
Uden a ragebive Veg = 0 18
Ard Curent vedutes than whe o
Ve iBab Vaszoveit and Comes
fo Sadik? ab loser volkages|é Vos
o& Vos No
AS py 18 Prestostd mae i
Fes Vag 28 Yas 7
ev =
Nye sv
Cloxge Ne)
Both the deplehon Tein
tacheg Hen Chanel width Ze
Phen dean Cument 1 ZeroVolt ampere Chareberittics of TERT 3
“Bere are two Chorortesiaticg of THET
oleae ODratn Comput) Chasoebentatics
(Tronsfer Chavockenstich
— 2
(ot
Vottage Vos Wrextanes oc
Fron Yee fy as
ran To also incveares Fos Srall
Natues of Vos: This Qgnit— oss
Called “ dhenic. Tegionand FET
acts aa"
Veltage Vavable Rosi
As Vps ienenea, the cunrent To %
echo to Corahork Level Catied Labo Hoh Vos)
Pinch off Nellage’ (vp) @n Contlonk Cuasenk 6G":
fa Vos ib Incvecned ‘beyond ” pinch Off" vsllege Vp Ye dxaan
Curent Ip Forveens Conskont up to Cedarn Vadus of Vp and
alex conjarn Values oF Vg thee 12.4 Rudden Preitare en
Courrent which ib Gobled 0% yeak doven Teaion: AL thas
Poink of Ty the device may be deshayed-
T4 move negakive Vas Cowe the drat Cuontak Tp 20
pe owe deplebron ego Comphetely fouches wrth Carh
othey 0nd Ho chomnel eleteg. the Value of Vig with
ak the tuk off Poink 14 Aesigraked as Vi. (ote) «see obe Vel
Pocholf Wliagsy “he Vals of Val hh Ty “toch
3kS Conttonk Value:
cukott Voltages’ “he. Vales De Ves ak uth Tp 8 22"0"
“Tromaes, Chess ade
Fhe Conve Tepresents gravafer Char's of work 3S
Nchamel TFET diawn bdween Nov
Tp and Ves Feet Vos ule y
Foor Ho chav's we hoe
Ves Vastot?)
she oboe. equekon casted, os Sehouekeys eapebe woke
Vaso) yraeba lene Ye drain Cunent 15 qual fo 2er0
she. -rnenienuiny Valle of drain Curent is dented by
Sse (drain Seince Saletation Cement):
Symbolat
> >
&
&
s Ss
Nehaorel SFET Pchonmel SFET*Tso ane pei te Gouce is WE to en
Mone hokes roe fara Sowce ts
jaan Hreigh He
Veg S18 Patikve wlsch Males verse osteg fe PN
Sunckiong:
“the below
5 whows drain chai 8 a ancl transfer chor's
OL pebooreh speT The Choris of p Chormel 3 FET
i channel TEET*
ane dhe mriproy rages ol
—Tronstex chor
(ore ae Con dnt! oko
once ©? Tears Conducto
duckoncs- (rn) =
wm ate abo Fdoge aa diofa Toone
- gate volt wry Grstank dvain volloge,
— FF eat Siemen OAV"
bn = 2.
“SMas Los Constant
7.7 o
Lie Keo Hab p= Toss (- HO
ve.
Diffevenake weeto Vag
@(Dwain reislone “ar TE duliced 081 is the valio cf Charge
ein Aaaee cusrerk cofth
in drain Voltage do the Chorg
Constant gate velkage TE has units oF renters ohms +
2 Nos.
4° to
Ves
3 Proplb alton foe u'r
' _ dios
Amplbealion fodot 41 = Xe |
BW [5 clea:
dVos., Oto
Pe eam ele
aTp dVas
Bs td % GnConpawison p97 and FETE
857
Tews due $0 Twoipvity and
yninosty Change Cacnies§
Oivput Vemelarce PR, 18 Lo
UD Bigger in Age
6 More Nowy
(6 Cheaper
CO off ack oF Cabin Velaae eos,
> Thee 18 Theva Runaway
(ced seen
CD Curent Conbiotied device
@ Gipoles device because. Cunvenk
eo Rie high
eustdte TCS:
Fiapuk neon
swabier in ¥8
(Los Noiey, Yron BOT*
by contly /
ono otf val exalts S01
fngea tec ad chopeyy,
[& no _trewmal wenowrel °
Cornice of TEER Oe
Sn
CoyTepal reselance 8 hugh
Norge of 10>
ole dain vewslonce 14 hgh Gm)
© peated. only depletion mode,
Gate feaxage caorresp IS 19 Thee
OMe of 101A
the oufpat chars are Hatter
used fo vist Greats
4
io the,
Tose
iorthe &npuk vesitkorce i Yeryhy
is ene rorge of ve waat
[Dolp dvaan rverdkence 18 Low (som)
peaked ta both deplekion ond Exhon
Cake Leakage. Cuncenbia te He Oder
oF 15'*A-
\@rhe ofp chars axe nok dale
[© Widely vsedto VISE Greatly
}han TFET
leMOSFEN’ (netal entde Sencorchicher FEN EVD EET
“The Wosf ET ditfers fom the SEET
sunckon Npuelre and Trike the gate of the MOsret 15
ansuloled from the Chanrel by a Siicon dioride (Side foyer
Dee fo-lhis fhe toput veedance of MOSFET 9 greater tron
SFET* Because of He Troulbbed gale Mose eT one abo
Caled as TGEETS:
“The Mospec's axe dvided 19 to foo typeg
(0 Depletion MosfeT Cuchnndl ana pckomel)
@ Enonce ment MosFer (1 chomed cand P clowrel)
aot it tas 90 Pe
CN -Chanrel
FET ©
Depletion Mos!
thous the basic
Conthuukiet of #-Chorneh
depletion type MOSFET
cruso highly doped Mors
ane dihwed fn 0 tightly
doped P type Substrate.
These two highly doped ngers 55 Csubskale)
weptsenk, 0b Sone md Bray py ny chawel dalton MOSFET
Ja Some (oss Subskake 18 qnlerally Connedttd to the Source
jexminal: jhe Source and drain termivals xe Connected,
Heo metalic Contacks 40 9 coped regions Line by an
neChasetL: The gabe 13 Uo Conneched fo metal ContootBet venotes toublel fon Ke thems tya ©
Neows thao fayen of ditkebic. material Siog ee ee
Rroen Source. Yo dvatO peeuse Nahe Toss
Gy ie niype Depeb ak Soe &
and brow! oot He Chanel. he ee
ond aveathauted al draier Set york
A Ag, Wps TO Laeaite Tg abbo Imestne>
(iy Negabve whe Negabve. potentad ak gate
cathaads holes Ror Plype bubskale Dredn Caren
and xepel ele ebors* Depending o decrees
senagnitude of VegC) Yeamabinain
fas, place. and vedue eleshos 19
channel CTH is Glled deplekion mode):
Gi) Posive The Posie, Gate bow otartonl
Clechons Born Page PAE ym cune
Goce ong elechons Fo ncha Re
sth Ged” Enhancement mere than
Vas= ©
‘Region condi hon:Ge the Syrbals Bic ye plo gabe
and chormel vepeesnbed fy & 22
Debwctn galeond obher terminals,
“the Verkicad bone. vepiesent, Yo chanel
8 Conmekey blo daa and Source °
Fn Horne Cases Subshvake 1% ye ternal
Conneched Yo Source *Drain Chen's Frans exchard
Jannth Aeptebion L:ppe HosteT wsenaely
Fa Ww Chowmel 18 p type
Combuchion
“he Comhuchion oF Pe
ePpoie AON Channel DMwsE >
Cubtdrede i NAypes The voltage Polowikes ond cussent Greediong
Ane ~owesred cov to a chewnell for the Operation The dyoan
chads are Same bub with Ve. \ps Transfer char 0 $
Pdhooed one mney erg of nichoonch DYLOSFET +
Vos} 1) Cry chomel +
Two hughlyy doped viging
anc diffused tn too figinthy
doped Pp Subliade “The Sour and
dare ane Laxen out Hrougyh metalbe Y
ejiank uk He qhereh ble bee prego ve obtenk.
je the E-TOSFET Gale is Irtulaled fom Sion lagerOperation and Chavoekerinbicr s-Wbren Vasr Yps=er Cunvenkis zen,
—_ ——
% cist Sa Shon sed
(Zoro TH Nos %s appbed Ble dion Zero cerrvenk
so Source. hen fn the bien Plows
oP chowmel Hee axe. Aw Chatge (bes of re honed):
Caner ered. Born ounce. fo diaz
© Negabwe T4 Nps ie We Be Souace Jo drain
len Vos i “Ne Hen thee 87°
Chomneh: Chacge Gonitr’, comne't Zero
move. ron Source de dear Currvenk
Fite gel dvaan Corenk Charmed Hor
1% do be eakabbthed ‘oh B+ Coeea, for Tega
“To ealabueh'chomel Ho hooN Gog YE Vos
bys tse Vag blo goleand Sows. Girnil dos rake
(it Posshve 4 Vis 8 Portwe hen at Nckoonel EH6SPe)
megalive Camviee§ Present 19 P Subslab
ore alborkeA foward, He Gate ond
@ Nehaonel wilt £18 formed
beeen Source and dyain Then Trex tores
Current flow’ Boon Source todesn — imm Zero
Buk Ho Chownel’S establish only te Marionuien
ab Particular Ves whch is (abt Vobua.
09 “trechoid Voltage CM)
Bus diate Cuevcnk is” Enborced’ fy the Poattve gabe
ajolkage. and Sueh a dence 18 Called an Enhancement
type webal Ovide Semitonducly FET".“he. dain cusent oo) ®
Fp = Kes" a)
ce, Constonk y= treahst
Wlkoge
Cea: to pombve gate
cto enkorce Chern fo
He Bow of charge
Comrecs,
—
Ov zero cine
ee be mh
2g pease Chas Agh Transfer thor
D EMOSEET
The Conkurkion OF
Pehanel E- MOSFET '8 exoutly
oppoute 22 thot oF nchoonel E MOSFET: ewe the
Mei. i4 of 9 type ond "egions axe. of PAY:
Gn He Peborel exchareement type MOSFET de Volley &
Pofor Kee and Cwnenk divechong ave YeVersed then
the dann Chavr Appear &
bik with Vos ory
~ve Nalutg: To enthance Choonel Vay shoud be +VE-
“The tsarsfex Chars ave Totroy ‘mage of 1 channel EMOSpEy
.+ fe
Tost Mag 3
ww
Bran chow prow per Chaos
aie 7 1° The #pace bla
i kK 35 Hess dyarn to Source
rT [ and Substcebe
te S$ wepremnay Chaorel
TK absent 19
= 8s EMosfeT
G
4 5 , be SPaco beloeen
Nchannek E MOSFET
Gale and obey’
P channel EMOSFET eae x
Sigg Layer olio
Gate and offer temindy
She hannislorr Ge svaled with Hey diaupated Pover There
cuss phe manimum qlouable Collector Sunckion Voltage -
Beyood this Voltage takedown to fronsistoy Eanes Place -
athe eeox down wR wo yp
nobis breakdown and
Beck Hesugh (on Reach Hhoegh
sThe awalische break dacn deus duc fo avalanche
rmulkplekion: The dvalerehe swulhpb ation depends |
|On Me ellage beloeen colledler and bare: ®
“the break dawn hy weachHnanayh ocecs when Cnlleley Vallage
H& gncveaxed “This dues not depond on Gxtuit configurakion-
“Keath Hoaeght@n Rach Yoagh'> According to eoily @Meck: the
CORK of fhe Collector Senction Aeplelion végion Facieaser with
Grereose colberley “yuchion vallage « fis the Voltage applied
Acros He urchkon Veq Incrtares the bansttion stegion
Perebates deeper go fo the Tome and wit! Apread Completely
Qoog fhe base Jo reach He emitler Sunchion, as the bose ig
Ves Hons Thus fhe Collecles Nollage bas Youktd Yhageh Mo
dase Negyon «This efferk is Known a3. Yeath Hook Ete:
Tk efhedy both VP and olp char’:
DL id Posuble to vane the Punch Hreough Nolbage. by Veext
Ye doping Concentsation 9q the Dae» buk Hass udder abicay
Neduces jhe ermiblen LER cieney. Moen
‘Porth tog ee ie Esco contin
colteclos and base and 146 9° “fe eee
rakion Where aweubeche roulhipbarkion Laxes Pot
Aifesenk Voltages Sependieg pen te Cub ConigutationPR.
ms te 2° Photo Hansisle 1 Set conducet device Ah
Me we Sentilive Jo Light “Boe ik one more ght Senbe
device whats Ged a Proto diode bet the Conent
Produced by & Photo died= Vey lao cach Corcte: Connok
be divally wed to Cortioh Create ~ fe. photo bentitle 18%
Light detects eakach combineg, cr Photo
Lthen He Photo tarsitler +8 uma TE paid hege Fle>
of Cument [pit
arvrargesenk
aa pinltorsito OYE Borg
fig shout Re cevtust of a0 NPN photokintithor: Te’ uscolly
Cometed ta a CE Conigureion usrth We pase Opens A
Jers, Jomer He Jght on He base colbecko Jundtion- Athogh
She Photobrantither hoy Pree Betkion’ only too Stade, Re
cantler and Colleckor Leads ont geremy used Tn WR
device base Cumpenk 1S Rugptd by He coset Created.
by te Sigh falirg on Re base. Calkeckor yunchion »
hk energy » dhe tmenortly Commer
ldhen Hee 14 no bi
Gre generaked cs the aleckion& Crontangfrom He pore to He collector ond We poles CroXd Perr
Colllecley te base Conitituke He rererre Gadurakion Curren
Teo - then He Collels Comat 1 gr" by
Tez (Br) Teo
Iker He. byhk i vee gyn adcdhoal MY
Camek ane germaled and te ketal collecler Coan 14
ge = (P+) (teo* 2)
thre T, 14 He Tete Aabeakion Currvenk due to light»
Caren tr a Photo fronsicle! '& dependent maby on the
Snlensely of Jaghk fag on He Jention And Pholo bontidley
1h Leow abpeted by Me vallege appbed Yo Me covcuat ee)
he belowo fig shoud 2 gph OF Collector Curent Te 08 0
function oF Collecloy ern Hey valkege- Neg and 82 anchor
Teoma) .
of llumrnence A
as
“The pholokansiclng find. cntentve agptstaing to Wek speed
nreoding of compukert Punched Cards ond topes, Ui rk dedeclan Malo
Lighk oferaktd Sticker, Yeading of film Bounel ocx ekefe
ce bei -Molt_Model @e Set
“the obne bg teas He Ebext Mol raodel for @ PNP
frantslos. Here two Speate ‘leak dhodes axe. Conrweltel back
Jo back ust Saknaton Curenls-Teo ond Leo ond these
axe foo dependent cunyenk Conbtted cement Sources Sburing
the ‘deal diodes: Sthe Current. Seurteg accourt for the
winostly Contes bramsport OCW AS Ye bose An opphiation of
pixchtotP% Certint Joe to ‘he cobeelos node oe get
G =-Xwe+ 1
le know dok T= To(
dere SI reboderte WR To 4 He Op
Aabusation cuvrent then Tye -Leo-
attude of Tenerse
2 29 4 He geneval exprestion for Cobleelor Crorrent of &
trawlerGee Thole. Gara exprempon Sov colle pee .
Teo of a fanveter for ony Nellege Quits Collector
“susedam Ve and coven current Te
a [SX
+. (-'™ -)
where yi Re Cumvenk grr 79 covwral operetis al
Geo ie Ve cobie ox Syunchion uense pakwakion Current:
jhe above Gipalior Con be
_
Fa reverted mode ol operation,
| ||
| - ——_—
where of, ih He toveed
and Jeo VR He erent ter Sunchon Texerre
“je. abse four Porrrmeler’ are related by Ye condiben-Reoblems'- O
(DA 07 bas He Fetvoung Parameters ‘Ing, = ome Vpsuy,
\ggsatv Find dhe Value of A¥a2n Cument-
‘In = Toss (1- Mesh = G6aC mA:
@) fra panded He Leakage Crum ih OVA % CB
ape @lke TE VA IVA When 1b IA Conmected
PCE Contiquiadion Gheulale Land P of He
Some grange tor’ .
wed Ty 2 CurPTeo
Vaxit = Capper
f =1849
vee Tent Ly Leo
14x16° = ax otis
= OTe
A ret hs a nen Curecenk of urn T+ Tp > &mA and
NVeslott) 2 <6. Find He Nae of Vygand Vp:
« 5
To Jns(;- Nes
Ye)
ux refs Mes] soe ee “E
¢
Eea. Veo ay
1p Newel = 6
® Se Cowmon bae de Cunenk gate of bransithes 14
0-967 TE He emitter Curent i§ lomA. what iA He
Vode of boxe Cement
Given & = 0-967 , Te = toh
“he Common bare. 4c Curent goin of
xe de
Te
ac
OMT >
Wo 40>
Te = 16TH:
lores Ty t67%6>
Sy = Ge Ga
on deantadey has Te = ton And X= 0.49% Delerrnine {lo
Nolue of Te and Fg |
Ad Given Te 2 10mA and os 0-99
athe Commnoo base de Curent Goon
fe
Fe¥
xo a
gd
oi
Yo X10
52. 4.Qeh
Te = OATH
Ig + tert
G -3
tonio? = Tat 18x10
© Tg: CoO = ORMA he
©, a hanuile hay < of 0.91, Find Ho Value of B “Tf P=ae0
“fed Me Vabe of <
a
Goal |eecery « oa = 39-3
B: d00, a= (Ee 9008 aac
Pst “Boot!
bse He Colles Cumenk andatertter tov or tr anputot
woth Ky, = 0-99 ard Teg)= SoA ‘Shen the boone Comment 1%
Wee ede oe
Aok: 4 ce a y=, = CBo
1 ae fe
56 <6
7. 0:99 504107 So sagen oA
°
| 1 0-99 =
Gr. Cuomert Gate of a hartrey Po CE wo de 18 UR -Cabekete
We Common base Cument Jorn Ping the Base Conenk when he
erniHer iy Brnhe 4 saa
eee a = Be = gegy Hee
Sah ts Given P2494, ~ “45h ser o8, XT oo kea
Treasidey
anti - .
“The fy Aho ep npn Nantule & pie &
fn CB Configurator
qwo beans Vottaryes Oe wed
do make emitter base Surhon
im foward diag ond abedor
ase Sunthon vq TERE iad: Ren the Honky” TA opeuated,
an aukve “tgion and vores 04 an amplifier +
oa Gopek cavewat 18 Legoand baied Peete boo vesinkone:
A trmalt change tn topek voltage Yr Gack & dowege cherge
go emitter Cuvenk Te WA Course, He ame Longe to Coltectoy”
Comment Ale Sloot Hroigha high toad ysstlene RL heehee
Joge Volloge acxony is deneboped Acvo%d, RQ:
Vo
Vottage Ampbticston A= im
feat TS
. DT ex Be,
fe fee = ee
Re Pte Re |
where L146 a dachon of Cerrent charge whehig Cobteled.
At and hanna ack 0% ary amplifiers