Motion In One Dimension 69 Chapter 2 Motion In One Dimension Position ‘An objec Is stuate at point O and thee observers from three ferent No places are locking at some objec, pt then al thee ye observers will an ‘ < a have llerent —> observations Fin2a shout the psion of point O and ne one willbe wrong. Because they are observing the objet rom diferent poston. Observer A says Point Os 3m au in west rection Observer B says Point Os 4 m aay in south ection, Observer C'says : Pont Os 5 m aay in ent drection. Therefore position of any point is completely expressed by two facto: Is distance fom the observer and its drection with respec lo observe. ‘That i why potion i charatrsed by 2 vector known as poston vector. Consider a point Pin xy plane ands coordinates are (x, y). Then position vector @) of point willbe xi+ yj and ifthe point P 1s in space and its coordinates are (x,y, 2) then postion vector can be expressed as 7 = xi + yj+ 2k. Rest and Mo! Ifa body does not change its position as time passes with respect to frame of relerence, itis said to be al rest. nm And if a body changes its position as time passes with respect to frame of reference, i is said to be in motion. Frame of Reference : It is a system to which a set of ‘coordinates are attached and with reference to which observer describes any ever ‘A passenger standing on platform observes that a tree on a platform is at rest. But the same passenger passing away in a train through station, observes that tre is in motion. In both conditions ‘observer is right. But observations are different because in first situation observer stands on a platform, which i reference frame at rest and in second situation observer is moving in train, which is reference frame in motion. ‘So rest and motion are relaive terms depending upon the choice of frame of reference. Table 2.1 : Types of motion ‘One dimensional | Two dimensional | Three dimensional Motion efabodyin | Motion of body in a | Maton of body in asimight lines | plane is caled two | space Is called three called one ‘mensional mation. | dimensional motion. imensional motion. ‘When only one | When two | When al three coordinate of the | coordinates of the | coordinates of the positon of a body | postion of a body | position of » body changes ith time then its said to be ‘moving one dimensional. change with time then i said to be change with tine then It f said to be moving three imensionally Bx, ( Motion of Shing hie. (@) Motion ot reely | (8) Motion of (@ Motion of tying fating body. bitards ba inseet moving = twa mensional. Ex. () Motion of car (on esraight ood. Ex (Motion of ear ‘ona crclar tum. © scanned with OKEN Scanner70 Motion In One Dimension Particle or Point Mass or Point object ‘The smallest part of matier with zero dimension which can be described by its mass and position is defined as a pari er point mas. It the size of a body is negligible in comparison to Is range of ‘mation then that body is knoum asa partic. ‘A body (Group of partes) can be treated as a partce, \depending upon the type of its motion. For example ina planetary ‘motion around the sun the different planets cam be presumed ta be the particles, In above consideration when we treat body as particle, all parts of the body undergo same displacement and have same velocity and acceleration. istance and Displa (2) Distance = I is the actual length ofthe path cavered by » moving particle ina given interval of time. (fa particle stats from A and reach to C through point B as shown in the figure. 7 ‘Then distance travelled by particle \B+BC = 7m 4m (ii) Distance is a scalar quantity. (ii) Dimension : (MPL'T®] « am B (iv) Unit : metre (.1.) Pe2z (2) Displacement : Displacement fs the change in postion vector Le, A vector jining inital to final position. (i) Displacement isa veetor quantity (i) Dimension : (PLT?) (ii) Unit: metre (8.1) {iv) In the above figure the displacement of the particle AC=AB +86 = [AC | = (ABP + (BC + 2(A818C)c0s50° =5 m. 5, are the displacements ofa body then the total (net) displacement isthe vector sum ofthe individual 525, 48; 45) toot Sy (2) Comparison between distance and displacement : () The magnitude of displacement i equal to. minimum possible distance between two positions. So distance 2 [Displacement]. (i) For a moving paride, distance can never be negative or 2210 while displacement can be (eer0 displacement means that body afer motion has come bak to inital postion) ie, Distance > 0 but Displacement > = or < 0 (a) For motion between two points, dsplacerent is singe valued while stance depends on actual path andsocan have many ves. (iu) For a moving paricle distance can never decrease wih time while displacement can. Decrease in displacement with time means body is moving towards the inital postion. (¥) In general, magnitude of displacement i not equal to distance. However, it can be soi the motion is along a straight line ‘without change in direction. y (ci) oi and i are the postion vectors of particle initially ‘and finaly ‘Then displacement of the and ¢ isthe distance (ravelled if the particle has gone through the path APB. ‘Speed and Velocity (1) Speed : The rate of distance covered wth time is called speed (i Itis a scalar quantity having symbol v- (i) Dimension : (ML) (ii) Unit: metre/second ($1), emisecond (C.G.S.) (iv) Types of speed (0) Uniform speed : When a particle covers equal distances fn equal intervals of time, (no matter how small the intervals are) then itis said to be moving with uniform speed. In given illustration ‘motoreydlist travels equal distance (= Sm) in each second. So we ‘an say thal particle is moving with uniform speed of 5 mis, Fig. 24 (b) Non-uniform (variable) speed : In non-unilorm speed particle covers unequal distances in equal intervals of time. In the given ilustration motoreylist travels Sm in 1 second, 8m in 2° second, 10m in "second, 4m in 4® second ete ‘Therefore is speed is diferent for every time interval of one second, This means particle Is moving with variable speed. (6) Average speed : The average speed of a partide for a given ‘Interval of time’ is defined as the ratio of tolal stance travelled tothe time taken. Total distance traveled Timetaken— i Time average speed : When particle moves with diferent uniform speed 1, Up, Uy .» cin different time intervals t,, tp, yy «+ ete respectively, ils average speed over the total time of journey is given as ‘Average speed = RI © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 71 Uy + Uap + Uyly tae th th. When a particle describes dite tdy tone Dererres D1 Distance averaged speed diferent distances dy. dy, dy. with diferent time intervals thet fae th ape Styne reece then the speed of particle averaged over the total distance can be given as Toaldancecovered dvd, $+ = “Fotaltime elapsed ty +t +h +. dtdsedes ye yd we If speed is continuously changing with time then [et fa (0) Instantaneous speed sth speed of pare at a partie nto ime When we sy peed sly meena Tattoos tend The istrnecus Speed average see for iintesinaly sralltime nel ie, At-+0). Tr as ds Instantaneous speed v= im SS = eed 0 at ~ at (2) Velocity : The rate of change of postion Le. rate of displacement with time is called velocity. (i) tis vector quantity having symbol 6. (G) Dimension : (M'L'T*] Unit: metre/second (5.1), emisecond (C.G.S.) (iv) Types of vel (2) Uniform velocity : A parte is said to have uniform velociy, if magnitude as well as direction of its velocity remains same and this is possible only when the particle moves in same straight line without reversing its direction with constant speed. (b) Non-uniform velocity : A parle is said to have non: uniform velocity, if either magnitude or direction of velocity changes or both of them change. {c) Average velocity : It is defined as the ratio of clsplacement fo time taken by the body Displacement. > _ a7 me taken * ‘Average velocity (4) Instantaneous velocity : Instantaneous velocity is, defined as rae of change of postion vector of particles with time at 2 certain instant of time. etm 27 Instantaneous velocity 6 = im, SF =F. iif a body stating from rest accelerates at a constant rate a for certain time and then retards at constant rate land comes to rest alter se from the starting point, then apt er (a) The maximum velocity of the body = and Total distance covered - aa Total time elapsed — (8) Disone traveled bythe body = eA (¥) Comparison between instantaneous speed and Instantaneous velocity : {a} Instantaneous velocity is always tangential fo the path followed by the particle. When a stone is thrown from point O then at point of rection the instantaneous velocity of stone is 6 at point the instantaneous velocity of stone is 0, , similarly at point B and C are and di, respectively. y Fig. 26 Direction of these velocities can be found out by drawing @ tangent on the trajectory ata given point (b) A particle may have constant instantaneous speed but variable instantaneous velocity. Example : When a particle is performing uniform circular ‘motion then for every instant of its circular motion its speed remains constant but velocity changes at every instant. {c) The magnitude of instantaneous velocity is equal to the instantaneous speed, (d) If a parte is moving with constant velocity then its average velociy and instantaneous velocity are always equal. (6) If displacement is given as a function of time, then time derivative of displacement will give velocity. Let displacement = Ay~Ayt+ Ag® aid a Instantaneous velocity b= T= F(Ay— Ait + At®) Ba-A,+2As For the given value of t, we can find out the instantaneous velocity, eg for t=O4nstantaneous velocity and Instantaneous speed |= Ay, (vi) Comparison between average speed and average velocity : {a} Average speed is a scalar while average velocity is @ vector both having same units (m/s) and dimensions (LT) (b) Average speed or velocity depends on time interval over which itis defined. (¢) For a given time interval average velocity is single valued While average speed can have many values depending on path followed, (4) If after motion, body comes back to its inital position then i,=0 (as AF =) but vq >0 and finite as (As > 0) (6) For a moving body average speed can never be negative (or zero (unless t >) while average velocity ean be Le. Uy, >0 while 8, or <0. © scanned with OKEN Scanner72 Motion In One Dimension (1) As we know for a given time interval Distance > |displacement} «+. Average speed > | Average velocity] Acceleration ‘The time rate of change of velocity of an object is called acceleration of the object. (2) It is a vector quantity. I's direction is same as that of change in velocity (Not of the velocity) ‘Table 2.2 : Possible ways of velocity change ‘When only ‘When only ‘When both direction of magnitude of | magnitude and velocity changes | velocity changes | direction of velocity changes ‘Acceleration “Receleralion parallel | Acceleration has two perpendiculsrto | erantiparallelto | components one is, velocity velocity perpendicular to velocity and another parallel or enti parallel to velocity ‘Ex Unifor ckeular | Ex, Motion under | Bx. Projecie rotion gravity ‘motion (2) Dimension : [M*L!T] (3) Unit: metre/second? (5. (4) Types of acceleration : (i) Uniform acceleration : A body is said to have uniform acceleration if magnitude and direction of the acceleration remains constant during particle motion. (i) Non-untform acceleration : A body is said to have non-uniform acceleration, if ether magnitude or direction or both of them change during motion. |: emisecond? (C.G.S.) (il) Average acceleration : d, ‘The direction of average acceleration vector is the direction of the change in velocity vector as = <2 (v) Instantaneous acceleration : = lim “= 2 Shar ae {v) For a moving body there is no definite relation between the direction of instantaneous velocity and direction of acceleration. ‘Ex. (@) In uniform circular motion @ = 90° always (0) Ina projectie mation 8 is variable for every point of trajectory. (vi) Ifa force F acts on a particle of mass m, by Newton's 2° law, acceleration & (il) By definition & ie, ifs given as a function of time, second time derivative of displacement gives acceleration {vill If velocity is given as a function of position, then by 7 do chain ule a= 52 = ae (ix) Acceleration ean be postive, zero or negative. Positive ‘acceleration means velocily increasing with time, zero acceleration ‘means velocity is uniform while negative acceleration (retardation) ‘means velocity is decreasing with time, (x) For motion of a body under gravity, acceleration will be ‘equal to “a”, where g is the acceleration due to gravity. Its value is 9.8 mis? or 980 emis? or 32 feet. Position time Graph During motion of the partide its parameters of kinematical analysis (», a, s) changes with time. This can be represented on the ‘groph. Position time graph is plotted by taking time t along x-axis and position of the particle on y-axis. “Time” Fig.2.8 Let ABis a position-time graph for any moving particle Changein position _ y2 —¥1 ® Timetaken ty =f BC AD _ ye From tangle ABC, tang = BC = AC AC” t As Velocity By comparing (i) and (il) Velocity = tand v= tend It is dear that slope of tangent on position-time graph represents the velocity ofthe partic. © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 73 position - time graphs and thelr Interpretation Table 2.3 : Variot Orsov=0 ‘Le, line parallel to time axis represents that the particle is at rest. P 8= 90"sov= 0 i.e. line perpendicular to time axis represents that particle is changing its postion but time ol Tt does not change. It means the particle possesses infinite velocity. Practically this is not possible ‘consant so v = constant, a = 0 Le. ine with constant slope represents uniform velocity ofthe particle olf __.7 P 0 is increasing so v is increasing. ais positive. i.e, line bending towards position axis represents increasing velocity of partie, It means Ls sponses seta 7 deen dain eet renter tea ne sons ea wy te pe He os sipecposem nce 7 centr tet > 971 ct te versace on pe i pe i he ot le al fy (negative displacement). ; a4 \c ‘Straight line segments of different slopes represent that velocity of the body changes after AX aber WZ, 5 ; LK. These tte tet epee mt P i peg on igen egy da om 1 © scanned with OKEN Scanner74 Motion In One Dimension Mote: Wt the graph is plotted between distance and five thes st neg tuve and itnever comes back owards | sign tense dace neve desewe fl{ 8 See iat gah ballon pena Sato A nunaeaitarsemnys Otic ete a2 Velocity-time Graph “The graph is plotted by taking time t along x-axis and velocity ofthe particle on y-axis. Calculation of Distance and displacement : The area covered between the velocity ime graph and time axis gives the displacement and distance travelled by the body for a given time interval. Total distance =|A,|+1 Ac+1As1 = Addition of modulus of diferent area. ie. s=f| ula Total displacement = A, +A; +Ay = Addition of itferent area considering their sign. ie refude ‘Area above time axis is taken as positive, while area below lime axis is taken as negative here A; and A, are area of triangle 1 and 2 respectively and ‘gis te area of trapezium . Calculation of Acceleration : Let AB is a velociy-time raph for any moving particle "Time + Fig. 2.11 Change in velocty “Time taken ‘As Acceleration = be all ah From triangle ABC, tan} +e eat ot a By comparing (i) and (ii) 3 ‘Acceleration (a) = fan a Its clear that slope of tangent an velacity time graph represents Fa. 2.10 the accleraion ote pile “able 2.4: Various veloctty time graphs and thelr interpretation = 07,0= 0,0 = consent ql Line paralel to time axis represents that the particles moving with constant i velocy. 3 = at 0= 90",0=, v= incessing 3 ‘Le.,line perpendicular to time axis represents that the particle is increasing its 3 ‘velocity, but time does not change. It means the particle possesses infinite ok tection. Prccaly is rot possible im ' = constant, so @= constant and vis neeasing unio with ine i Le tne with constant lope reresnsurifem acseation of he pate © scanned with OKEN Scanner| — Motion In One Dimension 75 ‘increasing so acceleration increasing ine bending towards velocity axis represent the increasing acceleration inthe Time q O decreesing so acceleration decreasing ° Le line bending towards time axis represents the decreasing acceleration in the Om body Velocity Positive constant acceleration because Bis constant and < 90" but initial velocity of the particle isnegative. Positive constant acceleration because @ is constant and < 90 but intial velocity of particle is positive. Time [Negative constant acceleration because @ is constant and > 90° but inital velocity of the parle is postive. [Negative constant acceleration because 0 is constant and > 90° but inital velocity of the particle iszero. ‘Negative constant acceleration because is constant and > 90° but initial velocity of the particle is negative. © scanned with OKEN Scanner76 Motion In One Dimension Equation of Kinematics ‘These are the various relations between u,v, a, tand s for the particle moving with uniform acccleration where the notations are sed as: 1 = Initial velocity ofthe particle al time t = 0 see v= Final velocity at time t see {= Acceleration of the particle = Distance travelled in time t sec ', = Distance travelled by the body in n® see (1) When particle moves with zero acceleration (i) Its 2 unidirectional motion with constant speed. (ii) Magnitude of displacement is ahvays equal to the distance travelled. (ii) ou, 1 [Asa= 0] (2) When particle moves with constant acceleration i) Acceleration is said to be constant when both the ‘magnitude and direction of acceleration remain constant. (ii) There will be one dimensional motion if initial velocity and acceleration are parallel ot anti-parallel to each other. (ii) Equations of motion (in scalar for) Equation of motion {in vector for) +t beara ut 4208 (} syeut$i2n-1) S,=0+S(2n-) Relative Velocity (1) Introduction : When we concider the motion of @ Particle, we assume a fixed point relaive to which the given particle fs in motion. For example, if we say that water is flowing or \wind is blowing or a person is running with a speed v, we mean that these all are relative to the earth (which we have assumed {0 be fixed). ¥ (Now 10 find the velocity of a moving object relative to another moving object, consider a particle P whose position relative to frame Sis fps while relative to S" isfs: I the position of frame S' relative to S at any time Is Fess then from figure, Differentiating this equation with respect to time [as Baia} (2) General Formula : The relative velodty of a parle P, moving with velocity J with respee to another partie P, moving with velocity 3s given by, 5, fr, (0 Ifboth the partes are moving in the same direction then: My 20-02 {i Ifthe two particles are moving in the opposite direction, then: Ugg =O) 4D (ii) Mi the two particles are moving in the mutually ‘perpendicular directions, then: »,, = oR eu () Wi the angle between and i, be @ then ty, = bf +03 - 20,0, cose)" (3) Relative velocity of satel 2 satelite is moving in equatorial plane with velocity % and a point on the surface of earth with Ue reative tothe centre of earth, the velocity of satelite telatve tothe suface of earth rotation of earth on its axis) is velocity relative to earth's surface ill be ve 0, = ‘And ifthe satelite moves from east to west, Le, opposite to the motion of earth, v,, =2,~(-v, 0, +0, a © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 77 (d) Relative velocity of rain : If rain is falling vertically with velodty 3p and an observer Is moving horizontally with speed iy the velocly of rain selaive 10 observer will be ay anti which by law of vector addition has magnitude ne = Veh +o direction @= tan{vy, ug) with the vertical as shown in fig. f aaa Lge Fig. 2.14 So inorder to save himself from wetting person should hold. ‘umbrella at angle with vertical (5) Relative velocity of swimmer : If a man can swim relative to water with velocity 0 and water is flowing relative to ‘round with velodty Up , velocity of man relative to ground ey, will be given by: Batya Ug, Le, Oy = So if the swimming is in the direction of flow of water, Uy 20+UR ‘And if the swimming is opposite to the flow of water, (6) Crossing the river : Suppose, the river is flowing with velocity dA man can swim in sill water with velocity J. He is standing on one bank of the river and wants to cross the river, two ‘eases arise. (i) To cross the river over shortest distance : That isto cross {he river straight, the man should swim making angle @ with the ‘upstream as shown. Dounstear Here OAB isthe OA=0,,AB=%,. Their resultant is given by OB=0. The fection of swimming makes angle @ with upstream. From the triangle OBA, we find, triangle of vectors, in which cos 0=% Also sinar= 2 Um Ue 9 Where cris the angle made by the dire with the shortest distance (OB) across the river. ‘Time taken to cross the river: If w be the width of the river, then time taken to cross the river wll be given by (ii) To cross the river in shortest possible time : The man should swim perpendicular to the banik. ‘The time taken to cross the river wil be: a # Upstream — Downstream Fig. 2.16 In this case, the man will touch the opposite bank at a distance AB down stream. This distance wil be given by: AB= yt, =4, 2 tea or AB= Tew Motion of Body Under Gravity (Free Fall) ‘The force of attraction of earth on bodies, is called force of gravity. Acceleration produced in the body by the force of gravity, is called acceleration due to gravity. It is represented by the symbol g In the absence of air resistance, itis found that all bodies {irrespective of the size, weight or composition) fall wih the same acceleration near the surface of the earth. This motion of a body folling towards the earth from a small altitude (fi << R} is called freefall ‘An ideal example of one-dimensional motion is motion ‘under gravity in which air resistance and the small changes in ‘acceleration with height are neglected. © scanned with OKEN Scanner78 Motion In One Dimension (1) Ifa body is dropped from some helght (Initial velocity zero) (i) Equations of motion : Taking i we have u=0 —[Asbody stats from ret +9 [Asacccleration iin the direction of motion} vngt Loe a 1? =29h a = Lien: ol hy 2 1) iv) i Graph of distance, velocity and acceleration with respect totime: fon d= 9 A 2 1° 1 ' Fig. 2.18 (ii) As h = (1/2)g8, Le., h = @, distance covered in time 24, 3¢, etc, will be in the ratio of 1* : 2*: 3%, Le., square of integers. (iv) The distance covered in the n* see, fh, =4aten-) So distance covered in 1", 2°, 3 sec, etc, will be in the ratio of 1:3 : 5, Le., odd integers only. (2) If a body Is projected vertically downward with some Initial velocity Equation of motion: v=usgt lie +38 uP + 20h h +2 (2n— 52n-1) ial position as origin and direction of motion (Le., downward direction) as a positive, here (G) Ifa body is projected vertically upward () Equation of motion : Taking initial position as crigin and irection of motion {i., vertically up) as positive a= =g (As acceleration is downwards while motion upwards) So, if the body is projected with velocity u and after time it reaches up to height h then veu-ge; (i) For maximum height v= 0 So from above equation u = gt Fig. 219 (ii) Graph of displacement, velocity and acceleration with respect to time (for maximum height): 5 [Wa + (ua) (2u/a) -s Fig. 2.20 Itis dear that both quantities do not depend upon the mass of the body or we can say that in absence of air resistance, all bodies fall on the surface of the earth with the same rat. (4) The motion is independent of the mass of the body, as in ‘any equation of motion, mass is not involved. That is why a heavy and light body when released from the same height, reach the ‘round simultaneously and with same velocity Le., t= Yl@h/al and v= Jah © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 79 (6) In case of motion under gravity, time taken to go up is ‘equal to the time taken to fall down through the same distance Time of descent (t,) = time of ascent (t,) = ug aye 2 g - Total time of flight (6) ln case of motion under gravity, the speed with which a body is projected up i equal fo the speed with which it eames back to the point of projection. ‘As well as the magnitude of velocity at any point on the path is seme whether the body is moving in upwards or downward direction. (1) A body is thrown vericaly upwards. air resistance isto be taken into account, then the ime of ascent less than the time of descent. >t, Let w isthe intat velocity of body then time of ascent gra} where gis acceleration due to gravity and ais retardation by air resistance and for upward motion both will work vertically dounward, ect. and he For downward motion a and g will work in opposite direction because @ always work in direction opposite to mation ‘and g always works vertically downward. so h=4 la-a)eg (g-ad Bara) 2 Yerate-a Comparing t; and t, we can say that te > f since (g +0) > (go) Motion with Variable Acceleration (i) I acceleration is a function of time a= fle) then v=u+fi fide fox) then v? =u? +2f" fix}de lt acceleration isa function of velocity 45 During translational motion of the body, there is change in the locaton of the body. 45 During rotational motion of the body, there is change in the ‘orientation ofthe body, while there is no change inthe location of the body from the axis of rotation. 45 Apoint object is just a mathematical point. This concept is introduced to study the motion of a body in a simple manner. 48 The choice of the origin i purely arbitrary. 48 For one dimensional motion the angle between ‘acceleration and velocity is either O° or 180° and it does not ‘change with time, 45 For two dimensional motion, the angle between ‘acceleration and velocity is ether than O° or 180" and ako it ‘may change with time, 4 Ifthe angle between d and 3: isacicde, 90", the path ofthe particle 45 The patie speed up, thal is the speed of the partite Increases when the angle between &|and 5 les between 0° and +90", 65 The paticle speeds down, that is the speed of the particle ecrenses, when the angle between @ and i ies between +90" ‘and 180", 45 The speed ofthe parte remains constant when the angle between & and is equal to 0° £5 The distance covered by a particle never decreases with time, it abweys increases. 6 Displacement ofa parce isthe unique path between the ‘and final positions of the particle. I may or may nat be the actualy travelled path ofthe particle. 45 Displacement of a particle gives no information regarding the nature of the path followed by the particle 45 Magnitude of displacement <| Distance covered. 45 Since distance 2 [Displacement], so average speed of @ bbody is equal or greater than the magnitude of the average velocity ofthe body. 45 The average speed of a body is equal to its instantaneous speed Ifthe body moves with a constant speed © scanned with OKEN Scanner80 Motion In One Dimension “EN force is required to move the Body or an object with Lniform veloc JE. Velocy ofthe body is postive, iit moves fo the right side of the origin. Velocity is negative ifthe body moves to the let side ofthe orig 5. When a body revere is erection of motion while moving along a straight line, then the distance travelled by the body is ‘reale than the magnitude ofthe csplacement of the bod. In this case, average speed ofthe body i greater than its average veloc 25 Speedometer measures the insti vehi, JE. When particle moves with speed oy upto lf time of is {otal motion and in rest ime Wis moving with speed v, then tte i 2 45 When particle moves the fist hall ofa distance al a speed fof van second half fhe stence a seed 0 then Powe 5 When porte covers one tid dstance at speed vy, next ‘one third at sped: and lst one thi at speed then ye Seat map + pty +050) 15 For two parcles having displacement tine graph with slopes 6 and 6, possesses veloces and ty respectively then tang ty fonds {2 Velocity of a pace having uniform mation = slope of ddsplacement-time raph 455 Greater the slope of displacementsime graph, generis the vot and vice-versa, 45 Area under 9-t graph = displacement ofthe particle. 25 Slope of velocity-time graph = acceleration. 4s; ln parte is accelerated fr a time t, with aceeration a, and fr time te with aeeeration a then average acceleration Sit tasty hth 5: I same force is applied on tio bodies of diferent masses aneous speed of a ‘m, and m, teparately then it produces accelerations |a,| and 12, respectively. Now these bodies are attached together and form a combined system and same force is applied on that system so that a be the acceleration of the combined system, then 6 It a body stars from rest and moves with uniform acceleration then distance covered by the body In t sec is proportionalio # (le. s= 17). ‘So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1 see 2 secand Bsecis|t? :27 3? or 14:9, 46 Wa body starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration then distance covered by the body In mth sec Is proportional to (2n=1) (ie. s, = (2n=I)) ‘So we can say that the ratio of distance covered in 1", 2 and, is 1:3:5, 45 A body moving with a velocity u is stopped by ‘application of brakes alter covering a distance s. If the same body moves with velocity nu and same braking force is, applied on it then it will come to rest after covering a distance of n's. = 20s => Osu? -20s = sat, (seu! 2a As F [since a is constant] ‘So we can say that if u becomes n times then s becomes 1? times that of previous value. 46 The body returns to its point of projection with the same ‘magnitude of the velocity with which it was thrown vertically ‘upward, provided alr resistance is neglected. 425 All bodies fall eely with the same acceleration, 45 The acceleration of the falling bodies do not depend on the ‘mass ofthe body. 45 If two bodies are dropped from the same height, they reach the ground in the same time and with the same velocity 45 Ifa body is thrown upwards with velocity u from the top of, {a tower and another body is thrown downwards from the same point and with the same velocity, then both reach the ground ‘withthe same speed 45 When a particle retums to the starting point, its average velocity is zero but the average speed is not zero. 4 If both the objects A and B move along parallel lines in the same direction, then the relative velocity of A wrt. B is siven by tyy = U4 - Oy ‘and the relative velocity of B wrt A Is given by Uny = tap © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 81 46 I both the objects A and B move along parallel ines in the opposite direction, then the relative velocity of A wrt, Bis given by Uys = Ua—(- Up) = Uy + Uy and the relative velocity of B wt. Ais given by oay = 4 Suppose a body Is projected upwards from the ground ‘with the velocity u. It fs assumed that the friction of the air is negligible. The characteristics of motion of such a body are as. fellows. (i) The maximum height attained = H = u'f2g. (i) Time taken to go up (ascent) = Time taken to come down (descent) = # = ulg. (ii) Time of fight T = 2 = 2uig. (iv) The speed of the body on retuing to the ground = speed with which it was thrown upwards, (0) When the height attained is not lage, that i isnot large, the mass, the weight as well asthe acceleration remain constant with time, Bu its speed, velocity, momentum, potential energy and kinetic energy change wilh ime. (ui) Let m be the mass of the body. Then in going from the ‘ound to the highest point folowing changes take place. {0} Change in speed = u (8) Change in velocity = u {6} Change in momentum = mw (@) Change in kinetic energy = Change in potential energy = (122) me, {vi On retum to the ground the changes in these quantities are as follows {2} Change in speed = 0 {b) Change in velocity = 2u {c) Change in momentum = 2mu (4) Change in kinetic eneray = Change in potential energy = 0 (vii I, the friction of air be taken into account, then the motion of the object thrown upwards will have the following properties (a) Time taken to go up (ascent) < time taken to come down (descent) (b) The speed of the object on returning to the ground is less than the inital speed. Same is true for velocity (magnitude), ‘momentumn (magnitude) and kinetic energy. (c) Maximum height attained is less than ug. (4) A part of the Kinetic energy is used up in overcoming the friction. 1, The three initial and final position of a man on the x-axis -Ordinary-Thinking- Objective Questions Distance and Displacement are given as (8,7) (i) (mm) and (-7m,3m) Which pair gives the negative displacement [DUMET 2009], a) () (i) (©) (i) (a) (and (ai) ‘The displacement of a body along x-axis depends on time as Vx =t41, Then the velociy of body (Odisha JEE 2011] {a} Increases with time (b}_ Decreases with time (@) Independent of time _(d) None of these ‘A person moves 30 m north and then 20 m towards east and finally 302 m in south-west direction. The displacement ofthe person from the origin will be (U.&K CET 2004) (a) 10malongnorth ——_(b)_ 10 m long south (€) 10 malong west (a) Zero ‘An aeroplane fies 400 m north and 300 m south and then flies 1200 m upwards then net displacement is [KCET 1999; IPMER 1999; DCE 2000; AFMC 2003, 04] (a) 1200 m (0) 130m (@) 1400 m (@) 1500 m ‘An athlete completes one round of a cirular track of radius R in 40 see. What will be his displacement at the end of 2min. 20 sec [Kerala PMT 2008), (a) Zero (o) 28 (oR (a) 7a ‘A graph is drawn between velocity and time for the motion ‘of a partide. The area under the curve between the time intervals t, and gives [Kerala PMT 2010, 11] (2) Momentum ofthe particle (b) Displacement of the particle (6) Acceleration ofthe particle (€)_ Change in velocity ofthe particle (6) Force on the particle ‘A oyclist starts from the centre O of a circular park of radius ‘one kilometre, reaches the edge P of the park, then cycles along the circumference and retums to the centre along QO as shown in the figure. If the round tip takes ten minutes, the net displacement and average speed of the eyelst (in ‘metre and kilometre per hour) is IKCET 2006) (a) 0,1 @ a4 w #5 + op fo 214,244 (a) 0,214 © scanned with OKEN Scanner‘82 Motion In One Dimension 4. Uniform Motion ‘A body Is moving along a straight ine path with constant velocity. At an instant of time the distance travelled by it is S and its displacement isD, then 1 &K CET 2008) (a) Ds ( D=S (a) Dss ‘The displacementtime graph for two parties A and B are straight lines inclined at angles of 30° and 60° with the time axis. The ratio of velocities of Vy :Vy Is IMP PET 1999, 2001: Pb. PET 2003] (a) 1:2 (by 1:3 to Ba (a) 1:3 ‘A ullet emerges fom a bare! of length 1.2 m with a speed fof 640 ms". Assuming constant acceleration, the ‘approximate time that it spends in the barrel after the gun is fired is [WBE 2008} (2) 4ms (b) 40 ms (e) 400 ps (a) Is Preeti reached the met station and found thatthe escalator was not working, She walked up the stalionary escalator in time. On other days, if she remains stationary on the moving escalator, then the escalator takes her up in time f. ‘The time taken by her to walk up on the moving escalator wilbe (EET 2017] (a) th (oy ht 2 aot to fi (db h-ty A cat moves from X to Y with a uniform speed v, and returns to X with a uniform speed v,. The average speed for this round tip IMP PMT 2001; ‘CASE PMT 2007; CBSE PMT (ana) 2011} to) Dae. eo to tee (ay te A particle moves for 20 seconds with velocity 3 mis and then velocity 4 m/s for another 20 seconds and finally moves with velocity 5 mis for next 20 seconds. What is the average ‘velocity ofthe particle [MH cer 2004) (a) 3mis (b) 4s (©) Sms (a) Zero 10. 12. 13. ‘A car travels hall the distance with constant velocity of 40, fomph andl the remaining half with a constant velocity of 60 mph. The average velocity ofthe car in kmph is (Manipal MEE 1995; APMC 199: MP PMT 1999; CPMT 2002: Kerala PMT 2005, 10} (a) 40 (b) 45 (0) 48 (a) 80 Two boys are standing at the ends A and B of a ground where AB=a. The boy at B starts running in a direction perpendicular fo AB with velocity u,. The boy at A stars running simukaneously with velocity v and catches the ther boy ina time t, where tis ICBSE PMT 2005} (a) a/ fo? +07 oy foto =0F) (9 aftv-u,) (@) afe+u) Which of the followings a ene dimensional mation {eHu 2000; case PMT 2001) {a Landing of an aircraft {b) Earth revolving around the sun {€}_ Motion of wheels of moving rin {€) Train running on a straight rack ‘8.150 m long train i moving with uniform velociy of 45 saw. The time taker by the rin to oss a bridge of length 850 mis [CBSE PMT 2001; BHU 2004) (2) 56 sec (6) 68sec (e) 80sec (a) 92sec A partie Is constrained to move on a straight line path. It retums to the starting point after 10 sec. The total distance covered by the particle during this time is 30 m. Which of the following statements about the motion of the particle is false ICBSE PMT 2000; AFMC 2001] {a} Displacement ofthe patil is 2e10 {b) Average speed ofthe particle is 3 mis {€}_ Displacement of the particle fs 30 m (€) Both fa) and (b) A particle moves along a semicircle of radius 10m in 5 second. The average velocity ofthe particle is (Kerala Engg.) 2001] (b) dzms (e) 2ms"* (a) dims: ‘Arman walks on a straight road from his home to a market 2.5 km away with a speed of kmh, Finding the market closed, he instantly tums and walks back home with a speed of 7.5 anh. The average speed ofthe man over the interval of time 0 ta 40 min. is equal to TAMU (ed) 2002) (0) 2ems"* 1) Sh 0 nn x @ 7 kth (a) - kmih © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 83 14 15. 16. 17. “The numerical ratio of displacement to the distance covered is ahways IPET 2002; BHU 2004) (2) Less than one (6) Equalto one (€) Equal to orless than one (4) Equal to or greater than one ‘A person travels along a straight road forthe first halftime with a velocity vy and the next half ime with a velocity vy. ‘The mean velocity V of the man is IRPET 1996, 99; BHU 2002; MP PET 2009), {b) vate (a Velen ‘e ve fe a car covers 2/5* of the total distance with v, speed and 35" distance with v, then average speed is [MP PMT 2003] to) 3 love 2h, “ irecrs o ich of he flowing options & comet for the ebjet hn 8s tae Wotan repented by he alg oo TOCE200¢ 2.1 are e l= (by St¥e (2) The object moves with constantly increasing velocity from O te A and then it moves with constant velocity. (b) Velocity ofthe object increases uniformly (c)_ Average velocity is zero (a) The graph shown is impossible Non-uniform Motion 1 ‘A paride has an ital wlodiy of Sf +4] and an acceleration of 0.4 +03}. ts speed after 10 58 [AIEEE 2009; CBSE PMT 2010, 12] (0) 10 units (0) 708 units (o) Tunis (2) 85 unis A particle stars is motion fom rest under the action of a constant fore. If the distance covered in fst 10 seconds is ‘Sand that covered in the fist 20 seconds S,, then {Kerala PMT 2007; CBSE PMT 2009; MP PET 2011; KCET2012}, (2) S,=25, (a S.=45, (0) S,=35, (Se ‘A particle moves along a straight line OX. At a time ¢ (in seconds) the distance x (in metres) of the particle from O Is, given by x= 40+ 121-1? How long would the particle travel before coming to rest IAFMC 2006; WBJEE 2012) (0) 24m (b) 40m (¢) 56m (a) 16m A partie moves in a straight line with a constant ‘acceleration, It changes its velocity from 10 ms” to 20 ms"! while passing through a distance 185 m in t second. The value oftis [CBSE PMT 2008) (a) 12 () 9 {10 (18 ‘The distance travelled by a particle starting from rest and ning thn eon Sime, ne id ead i [MP PMT 1996; CBSE PMT 2008), 10 19 Fm 3m () 6m (a) 4m ‘A paticle stats from rest at £=0 and moves in a straight line with an acceleration as shown below. The velocity of the particle at t= 3 sis [Kerala PET 2008}, 2|3 4sTimei) (0) dims (@) 8m ‘The acceleration @ ofa particle stating from rest varies with time according to relation a= art-+ A. The velocity of the particle after a time twill be IDcE 2009) a a ) See to) +r (0 asda wo a ‘body moves fo tll af nine second stating fom rest wth uniform acceleration and then wih nlorm retardation, hich i vice the value of aceleation and then stops. The uration of uniform acceleration IRPMT 2005} (a) 3s (b) 455 le) Se (a) 6s Acar stars from rest andl accelerates uniformly to a speed of 180 kmbr* in 10 seconds. The distance covered by the car in this time interval is {Kerala PMT 2009), (a) 500m (b) 250m (e) 100m (€) 200m () 150m Fn © scanned with OKEN Scanner84 Motion In One Dimension 12, 14, 15. ‘The relation between time and distance is = ax? + Bx where a and are constants. The retardation is IAIEEE 2005; BCECE 2006; MP PET 2012] (2) 2e0? () 20° (c) 2agi* (a) 26%" You drive a carat a speed of 70 km/hr in a straight road for 8.4 kom, and then the car runs out of petrol. You walk er 30 min to reach a petrol pump at a distance of 2 ki. The average velocity from the beginning of your drive till you reach the petrol pum is [DUMET 2009] (2) 16.8 kwhr (0) 35 kine (©) 64 kmh (2) 18.6 kr ‘A particle of unit mass undergoes one-dimensional motion ‘such that its velocity varies according to u(x) = bx Where 6 and n are constants and x Is the position of the particle. The acceleration of the partides ae function of x, i given by [AIPMT (Cancelled) 2015] fa) ~2nb2xt= (o) = 2b%teet () ~2nbte** (a) -2nb?xet The velocitytime graph for two bodies A and B are shown. ‘Then the acceleration of A and B are inthe ratio 5 IKCET 2015) Vebci ay es Time (a) tan25°totan50? ——(b)_cas25°to cos 50? (2) tan25%to tango? ——_(d)_ sin 25° to sin 50” What determines the nature of the path followed by the particle TAFMc 2005] (2) Speed. (0) Velocity {c)_ Acceleration (2), Both (b) and {A body starting from rest moves with constant acceleration. ‘The rato of distance covered by the body during the Sth sec to that covered in 5 sec is (Kerala PET 2005} (a) 9725, (o) 35 () 259 (@) 125 ‘A bus begins to move with an acceleration of Ims"*. Aman who is 48m behind the bus starts running at 10ms"* to catch the bus. The man will be able to catch the bus after (Kerala PET 2011: AMU (Med, 2012] (a) 6s tb) 5s (a 3s (a) 75 le) 8 19. 20. 2. 24, ‘A man is 45 m behind the bus when the bus start ‘celeating from rest with acceleration 2.5 m/s. With what ‘minimum velocty should the man start running to catch the bus [KCET 2008; J & K CET 2005} (a) 12 mis (b) 14.mls (©) 15 mis (€) 16 ms A bullet fired into a fixed target loses half of its velocity ater penetrating 3 em. How much further it will penetrate before coming to rest assuring that it faces constant resistance to motion IAIEEE 2005) (a) 15am (b) 1.0an (e) 30cm (€) 200m The velocity of a body depends on time according to the ‘equation v= 20-+0.1t2, The body i undergoing IMNR 1995; UPSEAT 2000) {o) Uniform acceleration (b) Uniform retardation {6}. Nonstiform acceleraion(a) Zero acceleration fa particle moves with an acceleration, then which of the folowing ean remain constant wexcer 203} {2}, Both speed and velocity {b) Neither speed nor velocity (e}. Only the velocity (2) Only the speed AA person throws balls into air vertically upward in regular Intervals of time of one second. The nex! ball i thrown when the veloiy of the ball thrown eater becomes 2270 The height to which the balls rise IKCET 2012) (Assume, ¢=10ms*) (0) Sm (o) 10m () 75m (a) 20m Whe velocity of a particle is v= At+ Bt, where A and B ‘are constants, then the distance travelled by it between 1s and2sis INEET (Phases) 2016] o) Zasan (o) 90478 34,7 A,B ta dase w 4 A car, starting from rest, accelerates at the rate f through a Ger 8 thm ott cnet ped a ten tra he at deans ered 15, te IEE 208 AIMS 2008 Lye alge sede wy sehy to come to rest. If the total Lae Lye (a See (a) Se 88 ‘The displacement x of a partie varies with time 1, x =06"' + beM, wherea.b,ar and flare postive constants The velocity ofthe particle will, ICBSE PMT 2005; BHU 2006] (@) Goon decreasing with time {b) Beindependent of a and {e) Drop to zero when a= 6 (2) Go on increasing with time © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 85 21. 30, 31. 32. ‘A body moves in a plane so that the displacements along, the x and y axes are given by x=3t? and y=4t*. The velocity of the body is [Oaisha JE 2012] (0) 9¢ (b) 15¢ ( 151 (a) 2517 ‘The mation of a particle along a straight line is described by ‘equation = x=8+12 ‘where x is in metre and t in second. The retardation of the partide when its velocity becomes 2er0, is (CBSE PMT (Pre,) 2012] (2) 24ms* (b) Zero (©) 6ms* (a) 12ms* ‘The velocity of a particle is v= ug ++ ft2. Its positon is <=0 at £=0, them its displacement after unit time (¢=1) & IAIEEE 2007] (2) +20+3/ 1b) op +g/24f/3 () mtars (a) wo 49/244 ‘A body moves with initial velocity 10ms"*. If it covers a distance of 20m in 2s, then acceleration of the body is {Odisha JEE 2011] (a) Zero (b) 10ms (Sms (a) 2me* The displacement of a pattie is given by y=a+bt+a? —dt*. The initial velocity and acceleration ‘are respectively (MP PET 1996; CPMT 1999, 2003; Pb. PET 2004: J & K CET 2005; RPMT 2006; WBE 2008: AMU (Engg) 2012} fa) bad (0) -b.2c (e) b.2c (a) 2.40 ‘A car moving with a speed of 40 km/h can be stopped by applying brakes after atleast 2 m. Ifthe same car is moving with a speed of 80 km/h, what is the minimum stopping distance [CBSE PMT 1998, 99; AFMC 2000; SIPMER 2001, 02; AIEEE 2002, 03, 04) (2) 8m (o) 2m (9 4m (a) 6m A balls bung by a string from the ceiling ofa car moving on 2 straight and smooth road. If the string is inclined towards the front side ofthe car making a small constant angle with the vertical, then the car is moving with (Kerala PET 2012] (a) Constant velocity _—_(b)_ Constant acceleration (6) Constant retardation (4) Increasing acceleration (e}, Decreasing retardation ‘The path of a particle moving under the influence of a force fixed in magnitude and ditecton is [MP PET 2002} (a) Straightline () Cire (0) Parabota (4) Blipee 33. 34. 35. 36. 37. 38. 39, “Two trains A and B each of length 400 m are moving on {wo parallel tacks in the same direction (with A ahead of B) with same speed 72km/h The driver of B decides to overtake A and accelerates by 1m/s*. If alter 50 s, B just ‘brushes past A, calculate the original dstance between A andB [AMU (Engg) 2012} (a) 750 m {b) 1000 m (o) 1250.m (a) 2250 m ‘An object moving with a speed of 6.25m/s, is decelerated dv at arate given by Sh=-25vv where v is the instantaneous speed. The time taken by the objec, to come to rest, would be (AIEEE 2011) (@) 1s (b) 25 (©) 4s (a) & ‘A boggy of uniformly moving train is suddenly detached from train and stops after covering some distance. The distance covered by the boggy and distance covered by the the same time has relation [RPET 1997] {0}, Both will be equal (b} First willbe half of second (c)_Ficst willbe 1/4 of second (4) No defiite ratio ‘A body starts from rest. What is the ratio of the distance travelled by the body during the 4” and 3rd second (mp PET 2007) (a) o @ @ ‘The acceleration ‘a’ in m/s of a partide is given by a=317+21+2 where t is the time. Ifthe particle starts ‘out with a velocity u=2m/s at £=0, then the velocity at the end of 2 second is (a) 12 mis (b) 18ms (e) 27 mls (2) 36 mis ‘A particle moves along a straight ine such that its displacement at any time ¢ is given by Seat ~617 +3t+4 metres The velocity when the acceleration is zero is [CBSE PMT 1997; BHU 1999; DPMT 2000; KCET 2000; JIPMER 2001, 02; AMU (Engs,) 2009; WB-JEE 2013] (a) 3ms* (b) ~12ms" fe) 42ms" (a) -9ms For a moving body at any instant of fine INTSE 1995; DCE 2006) acceleration is necessarily {0} Ifthe body is not moving, () Ifthe body is slowing. the retardation is negative {e)_ Ifthe bodys slowing. the distance is negative (@) If displacement, velocity and acceleration a that instant are known, we can find the displacement at any given time in future © scanned with OKEN Scanner86 Motion In One Dimension 40. a1. 42. 43, 44, 45. a7. 48, Select the incorrect statements from the flowing SI: Average velociy is path length divided by time terval In general, speed is greater than the magnitude ofthe velocity $3 : partic moving in a given direction with a non-zero velocity ean have zero speed S4: The magnitude of average velocty Is the average speed TAMU ed) 2010) {a} S2and83 (b) Stand 4 {o) 81, S3ands4 (@) Allfour statements The positon x of particle with respect te time ¢ along x- ands is given by x=91% 1° where x isin meres and in second. What wil be the postion ofthis particle when it achieves maximum speed along the +x direction [CBSE PMT 20071 {a} 32m (b) 54m (9 81m (@) 24m The posion of parce x (in meters) a atime t seconds is given by the relation F =(3ti—%j+4é). Calculate the ‘magnitude of velocity of the particle aller 5 seconds VAMU (Enga) 2010) (a) 3.56 tb) 5.03 {a 875 (a) 1044 A partide moves a ditance x in time ¢ according to equation x=((+5)!. The acceleration of particle is proportional to [CBSE PMT 2010; Pb, PMT 2011), {a} (velocity)*® (b) (velocity)! {o} (distance}® (a) (distance)* The engine of a motorcycle can produce a maximum acceleration 5 mis. Its brakes can produce @ maximum retardation 10 mi. What is the minimum time in which i ‘ean cover a distance of 1.5 km (Pb. PMT 2002] (2) 30sec (b) 15sec {c) 10sec (a) S sec A truck and a car are moving with equal velodty. On applying the brakes both will stop alter certain distance, then (cpMT 1997) {2} Truck will cover less distance before rest {b) Car will cover less distance before rest {c} Both wil cover equal distance {d) None I the velocity of a particle is given by u = (180 16x)? iis, then its acceleration will be [J & K CET 2004; Odisha JEE 2012), (2) Zero (b) 8 mist {) -8mst (a) 4 mist ‘An object accelerates from rest to a velocity 27.5 mis in 10 sec then ind distance covered by object in next 10 sec IBCECE 2004) {a} 550m (b) 137.5m {9 4125m (@) 275m ‘A car starts from rest and moves with uniform acceleration @ fon a straight road from time t = 0 to t = T. After that, @ constant deceleration brings it ta rest. In this process the average speed of the car is IMP PMT 2004), ot 307 oF ) at oF (@) oT 49. 51. 54. 87. ‘A particle starts from rest, accelorates at 2 mis! for 105 and then goes with constant speed for 30s and then decclerates at 4 mie tillit stops. What isthe distance travelled by it [DCE 2001, 08; aliMs 2002) (a) 750m (b) 600m {€) 700m (a) 850m ‘The motion of a particle is described by the equation xeo+bt? where a=15 om and b=3 emis’, Is Instantaneous velocity a time 3 sec will be IRPMT 1999: AFMC 1999, 2006; BHU 2000; ‘AMU (Med) 2000; CPMT 2001; Odisha JEE 2009) {a) 36 emisee (b) 18 emisec (€) 16 cm/sec (a) 32 emisee A body travels for 15 sec starting from rest with constant acceleration. Iit travels distances S,., and Sy inthe fist five seconds, second five seconds and next five seconcls respectively the relaion between Sj, Sz and Sy is TAMU (Engg.) 2000), (0) 55, =35, =S5 @ 5, Starting from rest, acceleration of a particle is a= 2{t~1), The velocity ofthe particle at ¢= 5s is IRPET 2002; WBIEE 2009} (a) 15 msec (0) 25 misec fe) 5 msec (2) None of these A particle travels 10m in frst § sec and 10m in next 3 sec. Assuming constant acceleration what is the distance travelled in next 2 sec IRPET 2000) (a) 83m (b) 93m (0) 103m (€) None of above ‘The distance travelled by @ particle is proportional to the squares of time, then the particle travels with [RPET 1999; RPMT 2000) {2} Uniform acceleration (b) Uniform velocity {€) Increasing acceleration (d) Decreasing velocity ‘Acceleration of a particle changes when (RPM 2000), {a}, Direction of velocity changes {b) Magnitude of velocity changes (0) Both of above (a) Speed changes ‘The motion of a particle is described by the equation « The distance travelled by the particle in the first 4 sooonds {DCE 2000), (a) 4a (o) 1a (©) 6a (a) 80 ‘The relation 3t= V3x +6 describes the displacement of a particle in one direction where x is in metres and ¢ in sec. ‘The displacement, when velocity is2e0, is ICPMT 2000; NEET (Karnataka) 2013] (a) 24 metres (b) 12 metres (e) Smatres (a) Zoro © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 87 58. 59. 61. 62, ‘A body A moves with a uniform acceleration @ and zero inital velocity. Another body B, stats from the same point ‘moves in the same direction with a constant velocity v . The two bodies meet after atime t . The value of t [MP PET 2003) (a) ww) 2 2» @ (a) ‘The average velocity of a body moving with uniform acceleration traveling a distance of 3.06 m is 0.34 ms". It the change in velocity of the body is 0.18 ms" during this time, is uniform accelerations [EAMCET (Med. 2000) (a) 0.01 ms* {b) 0.02 ms? (6) 0.03 ms? (a) 0.04 ms? Equation of displacement for any paride = 312 +742 41414 8m. lis acceleration a time ¢= 1 secis TEAMCET (Engg,) 1995; CBSE PMT 2000; Kerala PET 2010) (a) 10. mst {b) 16 mis? fe) 25 mis 1d) 32 mig ‘The positon of a particle moving along the x-axis at certain times is given below Te) o 7 2 a xml = a @ i Which ofthe folowing describes the mation correctly [AMU (Engg) 2001) (a) Uniform, accelerated (0) Uniform, decelerated fe). Non-uniform, accelerat (d) There is not enough data for generalization Consider the acceleration, velocity and displacement of a tennis ball at i falls to the ground and bounces bock Directions of which of these changes in the process [AMU (Ena) 2001), (a) Velocity only (6) Displacement and velocity (e) Acceleration, velocity and displacement {d) Displacement and acceleration ‘A body is moving with uniform acceleration describes 40 m inthe fist § see and 65 mm in next § sec. Its intial velocity will be Pb. PET 2003} (a) amis {b) 25 mis (55 mis (a) mis {A body A starts from rest with an acceleration a, . Alter 2 seconds, another body B starts from rest with an ‘acceleration az. If they travel equal distances in the Sth second, after thestart of A, then the ratio a, :a, is equal to {alms 2001), 5:9 (b) 5:7 (9 9:5 (a) 9:7 65. “The velodily of a bullet Is reduced from 200m to 100m5 while traveling through a wooden block of thickness 10cm. ‘The retardation, assuming itt be uniform, will be {AIIMS 2001; RPMT 2006] {@) 10%10* mit (b) 12x10" mid {e) 135x108 mist (a) 15x10 mi? “Two car P and Q stat ftom 2 point at the same time in 9 staight line and their postions are represented. by Xpll) t+ Bi? and xgltl= f=. At what ime do the cars have the same velocity INEET (Phase-Il) 2016] i) 2 o-f © ah ow ft @ att asf © 3-5 (26) _ Relative Motion “Two trains, each 50 m long are travelling in opposite rection with velocity 10 m/s and 15 mis. The time of crossings [CPMT 1996; BHU 1998; CPMT 1999; SIPMER 2000; AMU (Med.) 2001: RPET 2001. Kerala PET 2002; Kerala PMT 2008} (a) 25 Wb) 4s te) 23s (a) 43s Particle A moves along X-axis with a uniform velocity of magnitude 10 mis. Particle B moves with uniform velocity 20 mis along a direction making an angle of 60? with the postive direction of X-axis as shown in figure. the relative ‘velocity of B with respectto that of Ais [WBJEE 2015] 20) g, Ca A Wma* {a} 10 mis along X-axis {b) 10/3 mis along Y-axis (perpendicular to X-axis) {) 105 along the bisection of the velocity of A and B {d)_ 30 mis along negative X-axis ‘Aboat crosses a river from port A to port B, which are just fon the opposite side. The speed of the water is Vy and that cof boat is Vy relative to sill water, Assume Vp = 2Vj. ‘What is the time taken by the boat, fit has to cross the river recy onthe AB ine {pUMET 2000) 2 ap 5 4 ° US 0 2% D be 0 2. a 22 ° Te Cs ‘A police jeep is chasing with velocity of 45 krnvh a thief in another jeep moving with velocity 153 km/h, Police fires 2 bullet with muzzle velocity of 180 mis. The velocity with ‘which it wll tke the car ofthe thet is {BHU 2003; CPMT 2004; RPMT 2006; AMU (Enga,) 2012] (b) 27 mis (a) 250.mls (a) 150.m/s {c) 450 mis © scanned with OKEN Scanner88 Motion In One Dimension 10. a. ‘A boat is sent across a river with a velocity of 8 kmihr. Ifthe resultant velocity of boat is 10 km/hr, then velocity of the riveris: (CPMT 2001; Pb. PET 2004; AMU (Engg.) 2012] (a) 10 kmiir (b) 8 km/hr {9 6 kmfhr (a) 4 emir Two cars A and B are moving with same speed of 45 knvhr along same direction. If a third car C coming from the ‘opposite direction with a speed of 36 km/hr meets two cars in an interval of § minutes, the distance of separation of two cars A and B should be (in km) [Kerala PET 2008) (a) 6.75 (b) 7.25, (555 (a) 8.35, te) 4.75 AA tain i moving slowly on a straight track with a constant speed of 2 me". A passenger in that train starts walking at a steady speed of 2 ms" to the back ofthe train i the opposite direction of the motion ofthe train, So to an observer standing Con the platform directly in front of that passenger, the velocity of the passenger appears to be (KCET 2010), (a) ms" (b) 2ms* (c). 2 ms" in the opposite direction of the rain (a) Zero ja = 'a In figure, one cars at rest and velocity of ight from head light is, then volodty of ight from head light for the moving car at velocity v , would be IMP PMT 2009} (a) c+ (b) cmv (0 exe (dc A boat moves with a speed of 5 kmh relative to water in a river flowing with a speed of 3 km/h and having a width of 1 km, The minimum time taken around a round trip is [§ &K CET 2005) (a) 5 min {b) 60min (6) 20min (4) 30min “Two trains are moving with equal speed in opposite directions along two paral railway tracks. I the wind is blowing with speed u along the track so that the relative velocities of the trains with respect to the wind are in the ratio 1:2, then the speed of each train must be [Kerala PET 2007] (a) Su (o) 2u to Su (a) au {A river is flowing from W to E with a speed of 5 mimin. A. ‘man can swim in sill water with a velocity 10 mfmin. In which diteetion should the man swim so as to take the shortest possible path to go to the south [BHU 2005] (a) 30° with downstream —(b) 60° with downstream, (e) 120° with downstream —(d) South 12. 13. 15. 17. 18. ‘Attain is moving towards east and a cari along north, both with same speed. The cbserved direction of ear to the passenger in the train is (We KCET 2004, (a) Exst-nosh direction (e) South-east direction (6) West-north direction (4) None of these ‘An express train is moving with a velocity u. Its driver finds another train is moving on the same track in the same ‘A body is thrown vertically upwards. If air resistance is to be taken inte account, then the time during which the body vies is IRPET 2000; KCET 2001; DPMT 2001] {a) Equal tothe time of fall (b) Less than the time of fa (6) Greater than the time of fll (2) Twice the time of fll A ball is dropped from a high rise plalform at ¢ = Ostarting from rest. After 6 seconds another ball is thrown downwards from the same platform with a speed v. The two balls meet ‘at t=18s. What is the value of u (take g=10 m/s”) t (2) 60 mis (b) 75 mi: (2) 55 m/s (qd) 40. mi: 21 A body is released from a great hei towards the earth. Another body is releas height exactly one second later. The separalion between The two bodies, two seconds after the release of the second body is [Kerala PMT 2002), (0) 49m (b) 9.8m (©) 196m (a) 24.5m A body is thrown vertically upwards with velocity u. The distance travelled by it in the fifth and the sixth seconds are ‘equal. The velocity u is given by (g = 9.8 mis?) (UPSEAT 2004) (@) 24.5 mls (b) 49.0 mis (©) 73.5 mls (a) 98.0 mis ‘A stone dropped from the top of the tower touches the ground in 4 sec. The height of the tower is about ICPMT 1997; BHU 1998; DPMT 1999; RPET 1999; MH CET 2003) () 40m (a) 160 m : © scanned with OKEN Scanner (a) 80m {) 20m90 Motion In One Dimension 13, 15. 16. 7. 19. 20, ‘A body is released from the top of a tower of height fh. It takes # seco teach the ground. Where will be the ball after time t/2 sec ICBSE PMT 1995; MP PMT 2004] (a) At h/2 from the ground {b) At h/4 from the ground (c)_ Depends upon mass and volume of the body (d) At 3h/4 from the ground ‘The effective acceleration of a body, when thrown upwards with acceleration a will be (Pb. PMT 2008) (a) fe-g? (o) org? (e) (e-3) (a) (e+9) AAictiones wire AB is fixed on a sphere of reds Avery small phercl bal sips onthe wie. The Ue taken by this (d) of , (i QI : jn 2yoR From a balloon rising vertically upwards at Sm/s a stone is 8) Toe8 thrown up at 10 mis relative to the belloon. is velocity with 1 aoe 8 Co) aft respect to ground after2 ss (assume g = 10m/s*) &K CET 20061 fa) 0 (b) 20 mis (c) 10 mis (d) 5 mis ‘A particle is projected up with an inal velociy of 80 ft/sec. The ball wil be al a height of 96/t from the sground after TAMU (Engs,) 2012} (2) 20and 30 see {b) Only at 30 see (2) Onlyat20 see (4) Alter 1 and 2 see [A stone falls freely from rest from a height h and it travels a distance 2” in the last second. The value of hfs 25 [Kerala PMT 2011) (2) 145 m (b) 100m (c) 125m (@) 200 m (e) 175m A stone thrown upward with a speed u_ from the top of the tower reaches the ground with a velocity 3u. The height of the tower i IRPET 2003), (a) 3u2/g (b) 4u2/g (a Gu /g (a) ou? /g Ia freely falling body travels in the last second a distance ‘equal to the distance travelled by it inthe frst three second, the time of the travel is [MH CET 2003; Pb. PMT 2004; WBIJEE 2010) (b) See (a) 38sec (a) 6 sec (6) 4sec 27. ‘A packet is dropped from a balloon which is going upwards with the velocity 12 rvs, the velocity of the packet after 2 second: will be (Pb. PMT 2004) (a) 12 mis (b) 12 mis {e) -7.6 mis (@) 7.6ms When a ball is thrown up vertically with velocity Vp, it reaches a maximum height of ‘i. If one wishes to triple the ‘maximum height then the ball should be thrown with velocity tats 2005) () Bu {b) 3M () {d) 3/2Vy From the top of a tower two stones, whose masses are in the ratio 1:2 are thrown one straight up with an initial speed ‘and the second straight dow with the same speed u. Then, neglecting ar resistance IKCET 2005) (2) The heavier stone hit the ground with a higher speed (b) The lighter stone hits the ground witha higher speed {€) Both the stones will have the same speed when they hit the ground (4) The speed cant be determined wih the given data AAbalis released from the top ofa tower of height h meter. It takes T seconds to reach the ground. What is the position othe ballin 7/3 seconds (AIEEE 2004} (6) hf meters from the ground (©) 7419 meters frorn the round (2) 84/9 meters from the ground (4) 17W/18 meters fom the ground A balloon fs at a height of 81 m and is ascending upwards with a velocity of 12 mis. A body of 2kg weight is dropped from it. IF g=10m/s®, the bedy will reach the surface of the earth in IMP PET 2006; Kerala PET 2007) (a) 15s {b) 4.0255 fe) 54s (a) 6755 ‘A body falling from a high Minaret travels 40 m in the lact 2 seconds of is fall to ground, Height of Minaret in meters is (take g =10m/s*) IMP PMT 2002; MP PET 2006), (a) 60 (b) 45 (80 (a) 50 ‘A very large number of balls are thrown vertically upwards in quick succession in such a way that the next balls thrown when the previous one is at the maximum height. If the masimum height is 5m, the number of ball thrown per minute's (take g =10ms“*) (KcET 2002) (a) 120 (o) 80 (©) 60 (a) 40 ‘A boy standing atthe top of a tower of 20m height drops stone. Assuming g =10ms", the velocity wth which i hits the ground is [CBSE PMT (Pre) 2011) (a) S.0m/s (6) 100m/s (©) 200m/s (a) 400m/s © scanned with OKEN ScannerMotion In One Dimension 91 29. A body Ais thrown up vertically from the ground with a velocity Vp and another body B is simullaneously dropped fromabeigh H. Theymeet ota height 4 i Vy is equalto TAMU ted) 2010), (a) (25H (0) Vs 1 [2a to va @ \F 30. A cricket ball is thrown up with a speed of 19.6 ms". The ‘maximum height it can reach is [Kerala PMT 2002: MP PMT 2003) (2) 98m (b) 19.6m (©) 29.4m (a) 392m 31. Free fll of an object (in vacuum) is a case of motion with [Kerala PET 2010} (0) Uniform velocity (0) Uniform acceleration () Variable acceleration (e} Uniform speed 32. A body starts to fall freely under gravity. The distances covered by it in frst, second and thied second are in ratio IMP PET 1997; RPET 2001; BHU 2003; RPMT 2004, 06; Kerala PET 2009, 12; AMU (Med.) 2010] (b) 1:2:3 (2) Constant momentum (a) 1:3:5 (1:4 (4) 1:5:6 ‘At t=O, a stone of mass 10 gm is thrown straight up from the ground level with a speed 10 mis. After 1 s, a second stone of the same mass is thrown fram the same position with a speed 20 m/s, What is the position of the frst stone from the ground level at that moment (Take g= 10m/s®) [DUMET 2010) 33. (a) 10m (o) 1m () 2m (a) Sm ‘Two stones of equal masses are dropped from a rooltop of height hone after another. Their seperation distance ‘against time will, [DUMET 2010), (a). Remain the same (b) Increase (6) Decrease (a) Be zero 35, Two identical metal spheres are released! from the top of a tower after t seconds of each other such that they fall along the same vertical line. I ai resistance is neglected, then at ‘any instant of time during their fall, (Odisha JEE 2010) (a) The difference in their displacements remai (b) The difference between their speeds remains the same (c) The difference berween their heights above ground is proportional tot? (a) The difference between Proportional to t the same their displacements is 37. 40. a. 42, 43, A ball is dropped fom top of a tower of 100m height. Simultaneously another ball was thrown upward from bottom of the tower with a speed of 50 mis (g=10m/s*). They will cross each other after {Odisha JEE 2002; CPMT 2003) (a) Is (b) 25 (© 3s (a) 4s ‘Two ball A and B of same masses are thrown from the top of the building A, thrown upword with velocity V and B, thrown downward with velocty V then IAIEEE 2002; Odisha JEE 2008] (a), Velocity ofA is more than B al the ground. (b) Velocity of B is more than A at the ground (€) Both A & B strike the ground with same velocity (2) None of these With what velocity a ball be projected vertically so that the distance covered by it in 5® second is twice the distance it ‘covers in its G* second (g = 10m/s*) ICPMT 1997; AMS 2000; ‘MH CET 2000; CBSE PMT 2002; MP PET 2003}, (0) 58.8 mis: {b) 49 mis (c) 65 mls (a) 19.6 mis re alowed to fall rom rest and from the some point ‘O° along three different frictionless paths. The speeds of the three objects, ‘on reaching the ground, willbe in the ratio of {AMMS 2002} (6) my 2m, =3my ‘Thee diferent objects of masses m,,m, andm (a) m, :mg zm (9 teat @ 4.4.4 mim My ‘A particle when thrown, moves such that it pastes from same height at 2 and 10s,the height is (UPSEAT 2001] te 9 (b) 26 (52 (a) 109 ‘stones thrown wih en ital sped of 4.9m’ fom a bridge in vercally upward direction. It falls down in water ater 2 sec The height of the bridges IAFMC 1999; Pb. PMT 2003; KCET 2004] (2) 49m (b) 98m (198m (@) 247m A stone is shot straight upward with a sr] from a tower 200 m high. The speed with ground is approximately t (2) 60 misec (0) 65 misee (©) 70 misec (@) 75 mise ‘A body freely falling from the rest has a velocity ‘v' ater falls through a height ‘h'. The distance it has to fall down for its velocity to become double, is TBHU 1999) (a) 2h (b) 4h (6h (a) 8h a © scanned with OKEN Scanner92 Motion In One Dimension aa. 46. 47. 49. 51. “The tine taken bya block of wood (lly at res to side down smooth inned plane 9.8m long lange of innaion & 30° is [JIPMER 1999 1 (a) Fs0e (b) 2sec (0) Ase (a) Asec [A stone fal rely under gravity. It covers distances fy, hy tnd fy in the frst § seconds, the next 5 seconds and the next 5 seconds respectively. The relation between fy hy and hy INET 2013) (0) hahah, ) hy=2h=3h, (hate () yh, and hy = Shy A body projected vertically upwerds with @ velocity u returns to the starting point in 4 seconds. If g = 10 msec, the value of u is [KCET 1999; Pb. PMT 2000; PMT 2006] (a) Smisee (b) 10 msec (0) 15 misec (€) 20 misec From a tower of height H, a particle is thrown vertically upwards with 2 speed u. The time taken by the particle, 10 the ground, is a n times that taken by it to reach the highest point of its path. The relation between H, u and m is [WEE (Main) 2014) (0) 2gH=niv? (0) gH =(n-2)2u® (0) 2gH=nvFin-2)—— (d) gH =(n-2u? ‘Two particles and B having diferent mases are projected from a tower with same speed. A is projeded vercaly upword and B vertically downward. On reaching the ground (WBE 2015) (a). Velocity of Ais greater than that of B (6) Velocity of Bis greater than that of A (@) Both A and B attain the same velocity (4) The particle with the larger mass ettains higher velocy ‘A body thrown vertically upwards with an inal velocity u reaches maximum height in 6 seconds. The rato of the distances travelled by the body in the fist second and the seventh second is [EAMCET (Engg.) 2000), (a) 121 (y) et fe) 1:2 (a) 1:11 ‘Aballoon starts rising from the ground with an acceleration of 1.25 mist after 8, a stone Is released from the balloon, ‘The stone will (g = 10 mis) IKCET 2001) (a), Reach the ground in 4 second (b) Begin to move down after being released (c)_ Have a displacement of 50m (2) Cover a distance of 40 m in reaching the ground ‘A body, thrown upwards with some velocity, reaches the maximum height of 20m, Another body with double the mass thrown up, with double intial velocity wil reach a rmaximurn height of [CBSE PMT 2001, 04; KCET 2001; BHU 2004) (a) 200m (0) 16m (©) 80m (a) 40m 4. Critical-Thinking—— Obj ive Question: ‘A particle moving in a straight line covers half the distance with speed of 3 mis. The other half of the distance is covered in two equal time intervals with speed of 4.5 mis and 7.5 mis respectively. The average speed of the particle during this motion is (a) 4.0mis (b) 5.0ms () 5.5mis (a) 48m A train accelerates from rest at a constant rate a for distance x, and time t,, Alter that it retards to rest at constant rate f for distance xz and time t,. Which of the following relations is correct (MP PET 2012) (KCET 2009; Kerala PET 2012) (o) ar) mB : Apa emovog wth crn ection tom A fo B ina ine AB. and varie wees A and B Tepe thn lacy the loin be 1 ae wz) i) (a) 2 e) ‘an aircrafts ying ata height of 3400m above the ground. I the angle subtended at a ground observation point by the aircraft postions 10s apart i 30°, then the speed of the aircralt is [Kerala PET 2011) 2) 19.63ms" (&) 1963s" (©) 108s (2) 196.3ms" fe) 10.8ms"* A particle starts from rest. Ils acceleration (a) versus time (t) {sas shown in the figure. The maximum speed of the Paticlewilbe gy TEE (Screening) 2004) (@) 110m (0) 55m (580 mis (2) 60 mis a A car accelerates from rest at a constant rale a for some time, after which it decelerates at a constant rate Band comes to rest. If the total time elapsed is t, then the trum veloc aequted by tne car AML PET 2009} o) (SF |: ® (SF) (as on oo @ o © scanned with OKEN Scanner