Environmental Studies
SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF
BACHELOR OF
COMPUTER APPLICATION
SUBMITTED TO :- SUBMITTED BY :-
Aditi Matta
Dr. Sandhya Sharma Raghav Goenka
Asst. Professor Tushar Behrani
VSIT, VIPS Aayush Chopra
Vivekananda Institute of Professional Studies
GURU GOBIND SINGH INDRAPRASTHA UNIVERSITY
2022-2025
The emergence of
environmental issues
GLOBAL WARMING
What is Global Warming?
Global Warming refers to a rise in temperatures and changes in weather patterns. These shifts
may be natural, but human activities have long been the main driver of global warming.
It is a result of greenhouse gases like carbon dioxide, chlorofluorocarbons, etc that blanket the
Earth and traps the sun's heat.
Greenhouse Gas- It is a gas that contributes to the greenhouse effect by absorbing infrared
radiation
Relation between Climate Change and Global warming
Climate change broadly refers to persistent changes in average weather (e.g., temperature,
precipitation, humidity, wind, atmospheric pressure, ocean temperature, etc.) whereas
Global warming narrowly refers to a rise in the Earth’s average global temperature.
Climate change can be an increase or decrease in the temperature, weather changes etc but Global
warming strictly talks about the increase in the Global temperature of Earth.
Climate change currently has been caused by human activity but some changes are still natural.
Global warming has been an issue in the last 50 years due to the increase in the burning of fossil fuels.
A rise in global temperatures increases the severity and likelihood of storms, floods, wildfires, droughts,
and heat waves. In a warmer climate, the atmosphere can collect, retain, and drop more water, leading
to changing precipitation patterns. Increased precipitation can help support agriculture, but precipitation
is increasingly coming in the form of more intense single-day storms, which damage property, and
infrastructure, and lead to loss of life in impacted areas.
CAUSES OF GLOBAL
WARMING
MAN
MADE
1. Cutting down of trees - Cutting down forests to create
farms, or for other reasons, causes emissions, since trees,
when they are cut, release the carbon they have been
storing. Since forests absorb carbon dioxide, destroying
them also limits nature’s ability to keep emissions out of the
atmosphere.
2. Generating Power - Generating electricity and heat by
burning fossil fuels causes a large chunk of global emissions.
Most electricity is still generated by burning coal, oil, or gas,
which produces carbon dioxide and nitrous oxide
3. Chlorofluorocarbons - With the excessive use of air
conditioners and refrigerators, humans have been adding
an excessive amount of CFCs into the environment which
affects the atmospheric ozone layer.
4. Overpopulation - An increase in population and fewer
forests mean more people breathing and less absorption of
the released gas. This leads to an increase in the level of
carbon dioxide, the primary gas causing global warming, in
the atmosphere.
NATURAL
Forest fires - Forest fires emit carbon-filled smoke into the atmosphere, and
new forests’ growth is slow and not stable enough to produce the much-needed
oxygen into the newly, suffocating carbon air
water vapour - Two-thirds of the gases stuck in the thick blanket of the
atmosphere are in the form of water vapour. This effect means rising temperature
and rising vapour. The water vapour cannot escape and thus results in hotter
climate changes.
Animals - Nature’s animal release of carbon dioxide, although minor, is still a
natural causing factor in releasing more carbon dioxide into the atmosphere.
High temperatures - A large fraction of plant Biodiversity - Due to Global warming, many
and animal species are likely to be at an plants and animal species are struggling to cope.
increased risk of extinction if the global average Direct impacts include changes in the behaviour
surface temperature rises another 1.5 to 2.5 °C. and lifecycles of animal and plant species and
Higher temperatures are also expected to indirect impacts include biodiversity through
cause a shift in the geographical distribution of changes in the use of land and other resources.
climate zones
Availability of freshwater - The change in Drought - Due to the changing climate,
rainfall patterns, increase in evaporation, glaciers many European regions are already facing
melting and sea levels rise to affect the more frequent, severe, and longer-lasting
availability of fresh water. Droughts and rising droughts. A drought is an unusual and
water temperatures are expected to cause a temporary deficit in water availability caused
decrease in water quality. Such conditions by more evaporation (due to high
encourage the growth of toxic algae and bacteria, temperatures).
which will worsen the problem.
SOLUTIONS TO GLOBAL WARMING
Save energy at home - Much of our electricity and heat are powered by coal, oil,
and gas. Using less energy by lowering our heating and cooling, switching to LED
light bulbs and energy-efficient electric appliances, washing your laundry with cold
water, or hanging things to dry instead of using a dryer.
Walk, cycle, or take public transport - The world’s roads are clogged with
vehicles, most of them burning diesel or petrol. Walking or riding a bike
instead of driving will reduce greenhouse gas emissions – and help your
health and fitness.
Reduce, reuse & recycle - Electronics, clothes, and other items we buy cause carbon
emissions at each point in production, from the extraction of raw materials to
manufacturing and transporting goods to market. To protect our climate, buy fewer
things, shop second-hand, repair what you can, and recycle.
The top seven emitters (China, the EU27, India,
Indonesia,
Brazil, the Russian Federation and the United States
of America) plus international transport accounted
for
55 per cent of global GHG emissions in 2020.
Collectively, G20 members are responsible for 75
per cent
of global GHG emissions
Per capita emissions vary greatly across countries . World
average per capita GHG emissions
(including LULUCF) were 6.3 tons of CO2 equivalent
(tCO2e)
in 2020. The United States of America remains far above
this level at 14 tCO2e, followed by 13 tCO2e in the Russian
Federation, 9.7 tCO2e in China, about 7.5 tCO2e in Brazil
and Indonesia, and 7.2 tCO2e in the European Union.
India remains far below the world average at 2.4 tCO2e.
On average, least developed countries emit 2.3 tCO2e per
capita annually.
Global GHG Emissions Yearly statistics(2000-20)
References
Websites referred- www.slideshare.com
