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7.4 Notes

The document provides examples of writing polynomial functions from their roots or zeros. It discusses finding all possible zeros based on the factors of the constant term and leading coefficient. It then introduces the Complex Conjugates Theorem and Irrational Conjugates Theorem which state that if a complex number is a zero, its conjugate must also be a zero. Examples are given of writing polynomials having integral coefficients where some zeros are irrational or complex numbers. When the zeros have irrational values, the examples show how to multiply the factors to obtain a polynomial with integer coefficients.

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Sahar Sayed
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70 views2 pages

7.4 Notes

The document provides examples of writing polynomial functions from their roots or zeros. It discusses finding all possible zeros based on the factors of the constant term and leading coefficient. It then introduces the Complex Conjugates Theorem and Irrational Conjugates Theorem which state that if a complex number is a zero, its conjugate must also be a zero. Examples are given of writing polynomials having integral coefficients where some zeros are irrational or complex numbers. When the zeros have irrational values, the examples show how to multiply the factors to obtain a polynomial with integer coefficients.

Uploaded by

Sahar Sayed
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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7.

2B Notes…Writing Polynomials from Roots


Find all the zeros of 𝑓(𝑥 ) = 2𝑥 4 − 2𝑥 3 − 2𝑥 2 − 2𝑥 − 4
1 2 4
Factors of constant: ±1, ±2, ±4 Possible Zeros: ±1, ±2, ±4, ± , ± , ±
2 2 2
Factors of Lead Coeff: ±1, ±2 8 numbers to try. Look at a graph…..
From the graph I would choose to try x = -1, 2 Use division to verify the zeros
2 −2 −2 −2 −4 2 −4 2 −4
-1
↓ −2 4 −2 4 2 ↓ 4 0 4 2𝑥 2 + 2 = 0
2 −4 2 −4 0 2 0 2 0 2𝑥 2 = −2
𝑥 2 = −1
4th degree gives 4 zeros, 𝒁𝒆𝒓𝒐𝒔: 𝒙 = −𝟏, 𝒙 = 𝟐, 𝒙 = 𝒊, 𝒙 = −𝒊
√𝑥 2 = ±√−1
THIS IS THE POINT WE ARE TRYING TO MAKE WITH THIS EXAMPLE… 𝑥 = ±𝑖
At this point we should start to see that the radical zeros,
including the imaginary ones √−1, always come from + in front of a radical so…
Complex Conjugates Theorem Irrational Conjugates Theorem
If 𝑓 is a polynomial function with real If 𝑓 is a polynomial function with rational
number coefficients, and 𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 is a zero number coefficients, and 𝒂 + √𝒃 is a zero
of 𝒇, then 𝒂 − 𝒃𝒊 is also a zero of 𝒇. of 𝒇, then 𝒂 − √𝒃 is also a zero of 𝒇.
Sometimes you are given the zeros of a polynomial and asked to write a polynomial of least
degree, with integral coefficients, in standard form, that includes all the given zeros.
Together, these two theorems tell you that if you are given a list of zeros that include
𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊 or 𝒂 + √𝒃, you must also include its conjugate.
The conjugate of 𝟕 − √𝟐 is __________ The conjugate of 𝟑 + 𝟐𝒊 is ___________
The conjugate − 𝟑√𝟓 is __________ The conjugate of 𝟏𝟏𝒊 is ___________
Write a polynomial function 𝑓 of least degree that has > Set up each zero with (x – p)
integral coefficients, and zeros of 4, −1 and √5 > Multiply the radical factors
If 𝟎 + √𝟓 is a zero, then another zero is: ________ 𝟐
√𝒃 ∙ √𝒃 = √𝒃 = 𝒃 so
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥− )(𝑥− )(𝑥− )(𝑥− ) (𝒂 − 𝒄√𝒃)(𝒂 + 𝒄√𝒃) = 𝒂𝟐 − 𝒄𝟐 𝒃
> Multiply (Distribute) the
remaining factors two at a time,
in any order
> State your final answer
as a polynomial function
in standard form

Multiplying with √
… a different example
(𝒙 − 𝟑√𝟐)(𝒙 + 𝟑√𝟐)
𝟐
𝒙𝟐 + 𝟑√𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑√𝟐 𝒙 − 𝟑𝟐 √𝟐
𝒙𝟐 − 𝟗(𝟐) =
= 𝒙𝟐 − 𝟏𝟖
Write a polynomial function 𝑓 of least degree that has > Set up each zero with (x – p)
integral coefficients, and zeros of 7 and 6𝑖
> Multiply the imaginary factors
If 𝟎 + 𝟔𝒊 is a zero, then another zero is: ________ 𝟐
𝑓(𝑥) = (𝑥− )(𝑥− )(𝑥− ) 𝒊 = −𝟏 so
(𝒂 − 𝒃𝒊)(𝒂 + 𝒃𝒊) = 𝒂𝟐 + 𝒃𝟐
> Multiply (Distribute) the
remaining factors two at a time,
in any order
> State your final answer as a
polynomial in standard form
Multiplying with 𝑖… a different example
(𝒙 − 𝟐𝒊)(𝒙 + 𝟐𝒊)
𝒙 + 𝟐𝒊𝒙 − 𝟐𝒊𝒙 − 𝟐𝟐 𝒊𝟐
𝟐

𝒙𝟐 − 𝟒(−𝟏)
= 𝒙𝟐 + 𝟒

Write a polynomial function 𝑓 of least degree that has If I want only integer coefficients,
integral coefficients and zeros of −3 and ¾ and -½ 𝑃
𝑓 (𝑥 ) = (𝑥 − ) ∙ (𝑥 − ) ∙ (𝑥− ) (𝑥 – )
𝑄
Must become
𝑃
𝑄 (𝑥 – )  (𝑄𝑥 – 𝑃)
𝑄
Use (x – given zero),
then multiply by the denominator
(Distribute into the parentheses)
to change everything to integers!

3
∙ = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟?
4

1
∙ = 𝑖𝑛𝑡𝑒𝑔𝑒𝑟?
2

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