IJ – 15 10 21 – Writing task 1

Central HCMC real estate remains alluring

Real `estate `products, located in the fi`nancial and e.co`nomic centers of big cities, own u`nique/k/
advantages and in`tangible `values that generate long-lasting appeal.
n Real estate: bds à realty (n.) à earn lucrative (adj.) `profit (n.)
n Lucrative income
n Lucrative business
n Tourism is a Lucrative industry.
n Center – hub à financial hubs
n Unique = one and only
n Tangible values: money >< intangible values: frienship
n Appealing (adj.) = atractive = alluring à appeal (n.)
That dress is so appealing.
She looks alluring in that dress.
She allures me.
Becoming a teacher is appealing to me.
n Long-lasting = sustainable
Sustainable Development
SPEAKING: DECORATION (CONT.)

1. What kind of decoration do you want to have?

- Want >< need
- Want = desire = long for [C2] + N à want sth for a long time
- I’ve longed /d/ for vinatge style in my house since I was a little girl/ boy/ younger/ for a long
time.
- …antique à decorative…
2. Do Vietnamese people like redecorating their home? à PART 3
Workplace
Their working time make up half of their waking hours LET ALONE …
Pay attention = put emphasis (n.) on
Emphasize = stress (v.)
 So am I.
Refurnished
- No/ not really - Depends on each individual.
- Redecorating: expensive = luxurious Eg: UNCLE à …
[to ppl’ mind] costly(adj.)
Too + busy + to … after tiring hours in the
à not want to waste money =
office.
THIS IS THE LAST THING THEY WANT TO
>< MY FAMILY
DO.
Want = desire = long for [C2] + N
I JUST WONDER WHO WOULD(N’T) LIKE
to + V Not the matter/ not a big deal…

+ like – enjoy

There are some who enjoy… because

+ enhance the aes`thetic aspects = beauty = how

the house look like

+ satitate [C2] their passion

+ enhance their living condition

I JUST WONDER WHO WOULDN’T LIKE …

>< however, many beg for the differences.

+ …

3. What’s your favorite color when decorating your home?

IELTS WRITING TASK 1

CHARTS
 20 minutes – 1/3 total score

STATIC CHART DYNAMIC CHART

- One point in time - More than one point in time

è Compare different variables è Compare different times and comment on
the trends over the time period

The chart below shows the spending of two countries on consumer goods in 2010. (pound
sterlings)à static chart

UK:

The highest

The lowest

France:

The highest

The lowest
Compare:

The highest

The lowest

v TENSE
- Past timescale àPast simple (Eg: from 2001 to 2011)
- Current year or no timescale àPresent simple (Eg: from January to June)
- Data include prediction about the future àThe ___(year) figure is predicted to be…

àThe number for ___(year) is anticipated/ estimated to

be…

v 3-STEP PROCESS:
1. Analyze the task and data
2. Group data à identify trends and exceptions à select main features using figures
3. Write:
v TYPES
- Line graph - Table
- Bar chart - Process
- Pie chart - Maps
- More than one graph

v OUTLINE
Structure A Structure B

- Introduction - Introduction
- Overview - Body: detail 1
- Body: detail 1 - Body: detail 2
- Body: detail 2 - Overview

INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW DETAILS

 - Paraphrase the - Main trend or trends - Make reference to the data
question ü Highest/lowest values ü Group data: identify
ü Kind of the ü Similarities similarities and
chart + verb ü Differences/ exceptions differences
+ what ü Something stands out
+where +
when

I. INTRODUCTION
v Kind of the chart + verb + what +where + when
- Kind: The given (pie/bar/line) + (chart/graph/table)/ diagram/map…
- Verbs: show/compare/ describe/highlight/ represent/ illustrate/ reveal/ demonstrate/ provide…
v Paraphrase from the questions
1. Verb à Noun
2. Noun à Verb
3. Synonyms
4. Structure

STEPS:

1. Change introductory expressions

The graph/chart/table/diagram:
- gives/provide information about/on
- shows/ illustrates/ presents/ depicts/ …
- compares:
ü compare something in terms of something
The charts compare two cities in terms of the number of employed people.
ü Compare something in period1 and period 2
The graph compares the population in 2000 and 2013.
2. Paraphrasing
- shows the number of people ... = shows how many people ...
- depicts changes in the amount of money on ... = depicts how much money...
 - How S + V/ be V3 (why/ where/when…)
- How many Ns + V/ be V3
The number/ figure/quantity/proportion/percentage of Ns which V/ be V3
- How much N + V/ be V3
The amount/ quantity/ proportion/ percentage of N which V/ be V3

v Example:
The line graph shows the consumption of food in Britain in 2000.
è The given graph describes how food was consumed by the British in 2000.
è The given graph reveals the amount of food which was consumed by the British in 2000.
è The given graph demonstrates how much food was consumed by the British during the year
2000.

- Synonyms:
ü number of - quantity of ü information - data
ü spending - expenditure ü share - portion
ü value - turnover – earning – revenue ü place - site
ü rate - percentage ü …
ü ratio - proportion
3. Time periods
- from 1985 to 1995 = between 1985 and
1995
- in the period from… to…/ in the period
between… and…
- in the first/last three months/ years of the
years/decades…
- over a …-year period/over the period
of…year
PRACTICE

1. The graph below shows the rates of smoking in Someland between men and women.
2. The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain
3. The chart shows the sales of 5 different kinds of jam from 2009 to 2014.
4. The line graph below shows the oil production and consumption in China between 1982 and
2006.
5. The chart below gives information about car ownership in the UK from 1975 to 2005

6.
7.
8.
9. The graph below shows the production levels of main fuel in a European country from
1981 to 2000.
 IJ – 16 10 21

IELTS WRITING TASK 1

After it opened its doors to inter-provincial /SH/visitors, re`sorts in

Hoa Binh `Province are fully booked for weekends, mostly by
Hanoians.

- Open its doors

- Inter-provincial (adj.)
- International (adj.)
- Internet (n.)
- Interdepedence (n.) >< independence
- Resort à accomodation (n.)
- Book (v.)

CHARTS

20 minutes – 1/3 total score

STATIC CHART DYNAMIC CHART

- One point in time - More than one point in time

è Compare different è Compare different times
variables and comment on the trends
- The highest over the time period
- The lowest - The highest + The lowest
 - Increase + decrease

The chart below shows the spending of two countries on consumer

goods in 2010. (pound sterlings)à static chart

UK:

The highest

The lowest

France:

The highest

The lowest
Compare:

The highest

The lowest

v TENSE
- Past timescale àPast simple (Eg: from 2001 to 2011)
- Current year or no timescale àPresent simple (Eg: from January to
June)
- Data include prediction about the future
Will/ be going to …
àThe ___(year) figure is predicted to be…
àThe number for ___(year) is anticipated/expected/ estimated to
be…

Estimate (v.) àestimation (n.)

Estimate (n.)

The estimate for export value in 2030 is $48 billion.

v 3-STEP PROCESS:
4. Analyze the task and data
5. Group data à identify trends and exceptions à select main features
using figures
6. Write:
v TYPES
 - Line graph - Table
- Bar chart - Process
- Pie chart - Maps
- More than one graph

v OUTLINE
Structure A Structure B
- Introduction - Introduction
- Overview: not mention - Body: detail 1
data - Body: detail 2
- Body: detail 1 - Overview
- Body: detail 2

INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW DETAILS

- Paraphrase the - Main trend or trends - Make reference to

question ü Highest/lowest the data
ü Kind of the values ü Group data:
chart + ü Similarities identify
verb + ü Differences/ similarities and
what exceptions differences
+where + ü Something stands
when out

II. INTRODUCTION
v Kind of the chart + verb + what +where + when
- Kind: The given (pie/bar/line) + (chart/graph/table)/ diagram/map…
- Verbs: show/compare/ describe/highlight/ represent/ illustrate/
reveal/ demonstrate/ provide…
v Paraphrase from the questions
5. Verb à Noun
6. Noun à Verb
7. Synonyms
8. Structure

STEPS:

4. Change introductory expressions

The graph/chart/table/diagram:
- gives/provide information about/on
- shows/ illustrates/ presents/ depicts/ …
- compares:
ü compare something in terms of something
The charts compare two cities in terms of the number of employed
people.
ü Compare something in period1 and period 2
The graph compares the population in 2000 and 2013.
5. Paraphrasing
- shows the number of people ... = shows how many people ...
- depicts changes in the amount of money on ... = depicts how much
money...

- How S + V/ be V3 (why/ where/when…)

The graph describes how highschoolers go to chool…

The graph describe transportation that highschoolers take …

- How many Ns + V/ be V3
The number/ figure/quantity/proportion/percentage of Ns
which V/ be V3
The graph illustrates how many people were employed in
ABC in 1990.
- How much N + V/ be V3
The amount/ quantity/ proportion/ percentage of N which
V/ be V3
The graph demonstrate how much money was spent on
fast food by Vietnamese teenagers in 2000.

v Example:
The line graph shows the consumption of food in Britain in 2000.
è The given graph describes how food was consumed by the
British in 2000.
è The given graph reveals the amount of food which was
consumed by the British in 2000.
 è The given graph demonstrates how much food was consumed
by the British during the year 2000.

- Synonyms:
ü number of - quantity of ü ratio - proportion
ü spending – expenditure = ü information - data
expense ü share - portion
ü value - turnover – earning – ü place - site
revenue ü…
ü rate – percentage

Percent vs percentage
30%
6. Time periods
- from 1985 to 1995 = between 1985 and 1995
- in the period from… to…/ in the period between… and…
- in the first/last three months/ years of the years/decades…
- over a …-year period/over the period of…year
over 10 years à over a 10-year- period

PRACTICE
10. The line graph below shows the rates of smoking à cigarretes/
tobacco --> smokers in Someland between men = males and women
= females in 1990.
Male + N
è The given line graph compares the percentage/ the
proportion of smokers between males and females in S in 1990.
è The line graph compares how many male and female
smokers + used/ consumerd cigarettes in …
è The line graph compares how much males and females in S
smoked in the year 1990.
è The line graph compares how many cigarettes people in
both genders in S consumed …
11. The chart below shows the amount of money per week = a/ each
week = weekly à spent on fast foods in Britain
Spending = expense = expenditure

The given chart illustrates how much money Britian spent weekly on fast foods.

12. The chart shows the sales à sold of 5 different = distinct/ particular
kinds of jam from 2009 to 2014.
The given chart show the different income ‘s 5 distinct types of
jam from 2009 to 2014
13. The line graph below shows the oil production à produce and
oil consumption à consumed in China between 1982 and 2006.
 The line graph illustrates how much oil was produced and
consumed over a 31-year period from 1982 and 2006.
The line chart illustrates how many both oil products and oil consumption were
produced and utilized in China over a four-year period
14. The line chart below gives/provide information about = describe/
illustrate car ownership = car possession/ in the UK from 1975 to
2005
The line chart describes the car possession in the UK …
The line chart describes how British people (in the UK) owned cars
The line chart describes how many cars British ppl owned in…
the given graph describes how to data proprietary rights car in the UK in
the period from 1975 to 2005

15. The graph below shows the production levels of main fuel in a European country from 1981 to
2000.
 Ms. Linh
I. OVERVIEW
- From an overall perspective/ from a general perspective/ Overall/ In general/ generally…
- As can be seen from the graph/chart/table,…
- At first glance,… on a closer examination, …
v STRUCTURES
1. THERE + BE + ADJ+ UPWARD/DOWNWARD TREND + IN…
Eg: There was a significant upward trend in the car sales over the period shown.
2. THERE + BE + A/AN + ADJ + N + in N
Eg: There was a significant rise in car sales.
3. S + V + ADV
Eg: Car sales rose significantly.
4. S + EXPERIEINCE/ WITNESS/ SUFFER FROM + A/AN + ADJ + N
Eg: Car sales experienced a significant rise.
5. A/AN + ADJ + NOUN + NUMBER + WAS SEEN + IN SUBJECT + TIME PERIOD
Eg: A significant increase of 30% was seen in the car sales in 2001.
6. TIME PERIOD + WITNESSED/SAW + A/AN + ADJ + NOUN + IN + NOUN PHRASE
Eg: The year 2001 witnessed a significant increase of 30% in the car sales.

v PRACTICE:

1. Exercise 1: Practice 1:
a) Meat consumption has fallen sharply.

b) There was a brief dip in share prices at the start of the year.

c) Her fitness level improved dramatically.

d) There will be rapid recovery in share prices next year.

e) The use of GM food has grown steadily in some countries.

IJ – 21 10 21 – TASK 1 (CONT.)
 Ms. Linh
``Experts have `cautioned that with `transmission `sources still
`spreading in the `community and `vaccine `coverage `remaining
`low, the `risk of `more `outbreaks remains `high.

Expert = chuyen gia

Export (v. ) >< import (v.)

TSN Airport

Caution (n.)(v.)

Transmission

Remain + adj

Keep + adj

Leave + O + Adj

She makes me speechless. à she leaves me speechless

Look + adj

Appear + adj

Sound + adj

The rate of smoking people remains high.

The growth rate remains constant = unchanged.

Outbreak (n.) à break out (v.)

 Ms. Linh
II. OVERVIEW
- From an overall perspective/ from a general perspective/ Overall/ In
general/ generally…
- As can be seen from the graph/chart/table,…
- At first glance,… on a closer examination, …

THERE + BE + (ADJ)+ UPWARD/DOWNWARD TREND + IN…

Overall, while/ whereas there was an upward trend in the female

smoking rates, there was a significant decrease in the percentage of
male smokers. à the percentage of male smokers decreased
significantly. In addition/ besides, the rates of female smokers were
higher than that of males.

There are 2 cars in the yard: red + white. I like the red ONE.

There are 3 cars in the yard: 2 red + 1 white. I like the red ONES.
 Ms. Linh

The number of male smokers dropped = decreased dramatically.

v STRUCTURES
7. THERE + BE + (ADJ)+ UPWARD/DOWNWARD TREND + IN…
Eg: There was a significant upward trend in the car sales over the
(given) period shown/ surveyed/ mentioned.
8. THERE + BE + A/AN + ADJ + N + in N
Eg: There was a significant rise in car sales.
9. S + V + ADV
Eg: Car sales rose significantly.
10. S + EXPERIEINCE/ WITNESS/ SUFFER FROM + A/AN + ADJ
+N
Eg: Car sales experienced a significant rise.
11. A/AN + ADJ + NOUN + NUMBER + WAS SEEN + IN
SUBJECT + TIME PERIOD
Eg: A significant increase of 30% was seen in the car sales in 2001.
12. TIME PERIOD + WITNESSED/SAW + A/AN + ADJ + NOUN
+ IN + NOUN PHRASE
Eg: The year 2001 witnessed a significant increase of 30% in the car
sales.

v PRACTICE:
 Ms. Linh
2. Exercise 1: Practice 1:
f) Meat consumption (S) has fallen (V.) sharply (adv).
There was a sharp fall in meat consumption.
g) There was a brief (adj.) dip (n.) in share prices at the start of the year.
The share prices dipped briefly …

h) Her fitness level improved dramatically.

There was a dramatic improvement in her fitness level.
i) There will be rapid recovery (n) in share prices next year.
Share prices will recover rapidly…
j) The use of GM food(S) has grown (V) steadily (adv.) in some
countries.
There has been a steady growth IN the use of GM food…

III. DETAILS
- It is clear/ evident from the chart that..
- As can be seen/ illustrated from the chart,…
- A closer look at the chart reveals that …
- It is interesting to note that…
- Similarly/ likewise…
- In contrast/ meanwhile/ however
- In terms of …/ with regard to…/ with respect to…/ regarding …
 Ms. Linh

v LANGUAGE FOR TRENDS

1. VERBS

Increase Decrease Unchanged Fluctuate

Increase Decrease - Remain/keep - Remain

stable/ constant/ fluctuated
Rise Fall
unchanged
Grow Drop
- Stabilize - Fluctuate
Improve Decline
- Stay the upward/
Soar Reduce same downward/
- Stay at the horizontally
Surge Reach/ hit the
dip of same level
Recover
- Level off
Hit the lowest - Show/have
Hit/ reach the - Reach a
point a
highest point plateau
fluctuation
Bottom out at - Plateau
Hit/ reach the
peak of Plummet: fall
very quickly
Peak at
and suddenly

Plunge
 Ms. Linh
Dwindle

Shrink

Eg: The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last
two years.

2. NOUNS

Increase Decrease

Growth Diminishing

Rise Lowering

Jump Drop

Expansion Fall

Upsurge Depletion

Acceleration Downturn

Development Nosedive: a sudden

fast fall in prices,
Doubling
values, etc.

Stability
 Ms. Linh
Fluctuation

3. ADJECTIVES/ ADVERBS

ADJ ADV

Weak/ slow Slight

Marginal

Modest

insignificant

Average Gradual

Moderate

Steady

Strong/ fast Dramatic

Sharp

Steep

Rapid
 Ms. Linh
Significant

Remarkable

Considerable

Noticeable

Substantial

Exponential

v PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences
1. The number of cars fell gradually over the period from 1990 to 2000.

2. The research investment decreased significantly in 2005.

3. There was a slight fall in the sales of bananas in 2006.

4. The quality of food in supermarkets has increased sharply.

5. There was a quick drop of $3 million in sugar imports in 1988.

6. There was an upward trend in the number of visitors to the website.

 Ms. Linh
è The number of visitors
7. The number of students applying to the university stabilized over the
decade.
è A stability

Exercise 2: The graph below shows the rates of smoking in Someland

between men and women. Write a report for a university lecturer

describing the information

Exercise 3:The chart below shows the amount of money per week
spent on fast foods in Britain. Write a report for a university lecturer
describing the information shown below.
Amount of money spent = how much money ppl spent
Spending = expenditure = expense (v./ n.)
 Ms. Linh
The line chart illustrates the spending weekly on fast foods in Britain.
The line chart illustrate how much money British ppl expensed on ff.

Binh: Overall, while the spending on pizza fell dramatically, that on

hamburger, fish and chips grew sharply between 1970 and 1990.
Overall, the spending on pizza fell CONSIDERABLY/ GRADUALLY
while that OF = THE EXPENSE ON hamburger, fish and chips
grew sharply between 1970 and 1990.

HUY: Overall, spending money on chips and hamburgers INCREASED

RAPIDLY BUT THE EXPENSE ON pizza DECREASED. IN ADDITION,
IN GENERAL,
THE expenses on chips and hambuger WERE HIGHER THAN THAT OF
PIZZA IN THE LATTER HALF OF THE PERIOD. the britisth DIDN’T Like
PIZZA anymore.
THUY
 Ms. Linh
Overall, spending on pizza dropped gradually over a period from 1970 to 1990.
Besides, there was a steady rise in THE expense ON hamburger, fish and chips at the
same time. – DURING THE PERIOD SURVEYED.

Dynamic
- Comparison: Highest/ lowest
- Trend: Increase + decrease
Overall,

Even if you feel /fi:l/ un.sta.ble in your human relationships, you will
never have to qu/kw/estion the security of /v/ your relationship with
your pet.

- Unstable (adj.) à stabilize à stability (n.)

- Question (v.) = doubt
The police questioned me about the stolen watch.
- Security (n.)
- Have a good job security

WRITING TASK 1

Overall,

Dynamic charts

- Trend: increase vs decrease

- Comparison: the lowest vs the highest
 Ms. Linh

IV. DETAILS
- It is clear/ evident from the chart that S + V
- As can be seen/ illustrated from the chart,… à adverb
- A closer look at the chart reveals that S + V
- It is interesting to note that…
- Similarly/ likewise, …
- In contrast/ menawhile/ however,
Abc increased. In contrast, def decreased.
- meanwhile/whereas/ while
abc increased whereas def decreased.
- In terms of …/ with regard to…/ with respect to…/ regarding + N
In terms of …
Reagarding …

v LANGUAGE FOR TRENDS

4. VERBS

Increase Decrease Unchanged Fluctuate

Increase Decrease - Remain/keep - Remain

stable/ constant/ fluctuated
Rise Fall
unchanged
Grow Drop
- Stabilize - Fluctuate
Improve Decline
- Stay the upward/
same
 Ms. Linh
Soar Reduce - Stay at the downward/
same level horizontally
Surge Reach/ hit the
- Level off
dip of
Recover
- Reach a
- Show/have
Hit the lowest
Hit/ reach the plateau
a
point
highest point - Plateau
fluctuation
Bottom out at
Hit/ reach the
peak of Plummet: fall
very quickly
Peak at
and suddenly

Plunge

Dwindle

Shrink

Eg: The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last
two years.

5. NOUNS

Increase Decrease

Growth Diminishing
 Ms. Linh
Rise Lowering

Jump Drop

Expansion Fall

Upsurge Depletion

Acceleration Downturn

Development Nosedive: a sudden

fast fall in prices,
Doubling
values, etc.

Stability

Fluctuation

6. ADJECTIVES/ ADVERBS

ADJ ADV

Weak/ slow Slight

Marginal
 Ms. Linh
insignificant

Modest

Average Gradual

Moderate

Steady

Strong/ fast Dramatic

Sharp

Steep

Rapid

Significant

Remarkable

Considerable

Noticeable

Substantial

Exponential

v PRACTICE
 Ms. Linh
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences
8. The number of cars fell gradually over the period from 1990 to 2000.

9. The research investment decreased significantly in 2005.

10. There was a slight fall in the sales of bananas in 2006.

11. The quality of food in supermarkets has increased sharply.

12. There was a quick drop of $3 million in sugar imports in 1988.

13. There was an upward trend in the number of visitors to the

website.
è The number of visitors
14. The number of students applying to the university stabilized
over the decade.
è A stability

Exercise 2: The graph below shows the rates of smoking in Someland

between men and women. Write a report for a university lecturer

describing the information

 Ms. Linh

Exercise 3:The chart below shows the amount of money per week
spent on fast foods in Britain. Write a report for a university lecturer
describing the information shown below.
n Amount of money spent = how much money ppl spent
n Spending = expenditure = expense (v./ n.)
n Budget (n): ngan sach
è Budget (v.)
The line chart illustrates the spending weekly on fast foods in Britain.
The line chart illustrate how much money British ppl expensed on ff.
 Ms. Linh

Overall, the spending on pizza dropped gradually over a period from 1970 to 1990
whereas there was a steady rise in THE expense ON hamburger, and fish and chips
during the period surveyed.

S + V + adv

There was a/ an + adj + N

Tinh danh

dong trang

Years Varibles
- 1970 -1980 Pizza: 1970 – 1980
Pizza
It is clear from the chart that the
Fish and chips spending on pizza declined
Hambuger modestly from 300 in 1970 to reach
the lowest level OF 200 in 1985,
After thatà which there was slight
- 1980 -1990 growth (in its figure.).
Pizza
 Ms. Linh
Fish and chips
Hambuger
n Reach the lowest level
Fish and chips: 1970 – 1980
Hambugers: 1970 – 1980

BINH: A closer look at the chart reveals that the expenditure of ON fish and
chips grew steadily from just under 100 to nearly 150 over a 10-year period,
In contrast then the figure sharply QUICKLY climbed from more than 150
(up to 300 between 1980 and IN 1985). it is interesting to note that THE
FIGURE hit ITS peak of 500 in 1990.
HUY

fish and chip WAS the second lowest [COMPARISON] in the 1970s. it à
THE SPENDING increased modestly from 90 to 150 in the early years of
period 1 but it is interesting to note that THE EXPENSE ON THIS item grew
sharply between 1980 and 1990 WHEN IT REACHED the highest point =
PEAKED at 500.
THE SPENDING ON fish and chip WAS the second lowest [COMPARISON]
in the 1970s, increasing

Vietnam have lost four consecutive matches, yet their campaign

carries more positives than arch-rival Thailand, who debuted in the
final World Cup qualifying round in 2017.

4 consecutive years starting in 2000.

Arch- rival
 Ms. Linh
Qualifying round

Campaign: chien dich

- The spending on H gradually increased to double (v.) its figure at …

in 1980.
- The spending on H tripled from 100 to 300 during the 10-year
period.

WRITING TASK 1

Overall,

Dynamic charts

- Trend: increase vs decrease

- Comparison: the lowest vs the highest
v PRACTICE
Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences
15. The number of cars fell gradually over the period from 1990 to
2000.

16. The research investment decreased significantly in 2005.

17. There was a slight fall in the sales of bananas in 2006.

 Ms. Linh
18. The quality of food in supermarkets has increased sharply.

19. There was a quick drop of $3 million in sugar imports in 1988.

20. There was an upward trend in the number of visitors to the

website.
è The number of visitors
21. The number of students applying to the university stabilized
over the decade.
è A stability

Exercise 3:The chart below shows the amount of money per week
spent on fast foods in Britain. Write a report for a university lecturer
describing the information shown below.
n Amount of money spent = how much money ppl spent
n Spending = expenditure = expense (v./ n.)
n Budget (n): ngan sach
è Budget (v.)
The line chart illustrates the spending weekly on fast foods in Britain.
The line chart illustrate how much money British ppl expensed on ff.
 Ms. Linh

IN 1970: AT 300 à 1980: declined TO 200/ declined BY 100.

Dynamic charts

- Trend: increase vs decrease

- Comparison: the lowest vs the highest

Years Variables
- 1970 -1980 Pizza: 1970 – 1980
In 1970, the spending on pizza
It is clear from the chart that
was the highest at 300, which
the spending on pizza declined
was dramatically higher than
modestly from 300 in 1970 to
the expenditure of the
reach the lowest level OF 200
remaining (at just under 100.)
in 1985, After thatà which
there was slight growth (in its
In 1970, the spending on pizza figure.). [TREND]
was the highest at 300, which
 Ms. Linh
was significantly higher than
that of F& C and Ham AT 90
and 30 RESPECTIVELY.
n Reach the lowest level
Fish and chips: 1970 – 1980
Over the next 10 years,
whereas the figure FOR pizza
declined modestly BY 100, Hambugers: 1970 – 1980
THAT OF F&C and Ham
increased steadily BY 60
EACH.

Pizza
Fish and chips
Hambuger

- 1980 -1990
Pizza
Fish and chips
Hambuger
 Ms. Linh

Dynamic:
Trend: increase vs decrease
Comparison: highest vs the lowest
- 1970 -1980: pizza, ha, F C
In 1970, the spending on pizza was the highest at 300, which was
significantly higher than that of F& C and Ham AT 90 and 30
RESPECTIVELY. [COMPARISON] Over the next 10 years, whereas
the figure FOR pizza declined modestly BY 100, THAT OF F&C and
Ham increased steadily BY 60 EACH. [TREND]
- 1980 to 1990: pizza, ha, F C
+ FC: increase +P
+ FC: the highest vs P: + H: increase +H
the lowest
è Overtake + FC
è While/ in + P: decrease
Low à high
contrast
 Ms. Linh
+ FC: increase // H:
increase
è Similarly/
likewise

FC: increase From 1980 to 1990, the spending on FC grew

noticeably and hit its peak at 500 in 1990 – the
+ H: increase
highest level. [TREND + COMPARISON].
è Overtake Likewise, the expenditure on H tripled to 300.
+ P: decrease [TREND] These two fast foods overtook the first
position of pizza which decreased to just around
200. [COMPARISON + TREND]

The line chart illustrate how much money British ppl expensed on ff.
Overall,
In 1970, the spending on pizza was the highest at 300, which was
significantly higher than that of F& C and Ham AT 90 and 30
RESPECTIVELY. [COMPARISON] Over the next 10 years, whereas
the figure FOR pizza declined modestly BY 100, THAT OF F&C and
Ham increased steadily BY 60 EACH. [TREND]
 Ms. Linh
From 1980 to 1990, the spending on FC grew noticeably and hit its peak
at 500 in 1990 – the highest level. [TREND + COMPARISON].
Likewise, the expenditure on H tripled to 300. [TREND] These two fast
foods overtook the first position of pizza which decreased to just around
200. [COMPARISON + TREND]
In general, there was some changes in the eating habit of British people
between 1970 and 1990. During the first half of the period, Pizza was the
most popular fastfood. Howerver, FC become people’s most favourite in
the latter half of the given years. [optional]
 Ms. Linh
Practice 4:(9/2/2019) The graph below shows the production levels of main fuel
in a European country from 1981 to 2000.
150 words – 200 words

IELTS WRITING TASK 1

CHARTS

STATIC CHART DYNAMIC CHART

- One point in time - More than one point in time

è Compare different variables è Compare different times and comment on the trends
over the time period

v TENSE
- Past timescale àPast simple (Eg: from 2001 to 2011)
- Current year or no timescale àPresent simple (Eg: from January to June)
- Data include prediction about the future àThe ___(year) figure is predicted to be…

àThe number for ___(year) is anticipated/ estimated to be…

v 3-STEP PROCESS:
7. Analyze the task and data
8. Group data à identify trends and exceptions à select main features using figures
9. Write:
v TYPES
- Line graph - Pie chart
- Bar chart - Table
 Ms. Linh
- Process - More than one graph
- Maps

v OUTLINE
Structure A Structure B

- Introduction - Introduction
- Overview - Body: detail 1
- Body: detail 1 - Body: detail 2
- Body: detail 2 - Overview

INTRODUCTION OVERVIEW DETAILS

- Paraphrase the - Main trend or trends - Make reference to the data

question ü Highest/lowest values ü Group data: identify similarities
ü Kind of the ü Similarities and differences
chart + verb + ü Differences/ exceptions
what +where + ü Something stands out
when

III. INTRODUCTION
v Kind of the chart + verb + what +where + when
- Kind: The given (pie/bar/line) + (chart/graph/table)/ diagram/map…
- Verbs: show/compare/ describe/highlight/ represent/ illustrate/ reveal/ demonstrate/ provide…
v Paraphrase from the questions
9. Verb à Noun
10. Noun à Verb
11. Synonyms
12. Structure

STEPS:

7. Change introductory expressions

The graph/chart/table/diagram:
- gives/provide information about/on
- shows/ illustrates/ presents/ depicts/ …
- compares:
ü compare something in terms of something
The charts compare two cities in terms of the number of employed people.
ü Compare something in period1 and period 2
The graph compares the population in 2000 and 2013.
 Ms. Linh
8. Paraphrasing
- shows the number of people ... = shows how many people ...
- depicts changes in the amount of money on ... = depicts how much money...

- How S + V/ be V3 (why/ where/when…)

- How many Ns + V/ be V3
The number/ figure/quantity/proportion/percentage of Ns which V/ be V3
- How much N + V/ be V3
The amount/ quantity/ proportion/ percentage of N which V/ be V3

v Example:
The line graph shows the consumption of food in Britain in 2000.
è The given graph describes how food was consumed by the British in 2000.
è The given graph reveals the amount of food which was consumed by the British in 2000.
è The given graph demonstrates how much food was consumed by the British during the year 2000.

- Synonyms:
ü number of - quantity of ü information - data
ü spending - expenditure ü share - portion
ü value - turnover – earning – revenue ü place - site
ü rate - percentage ü …
ü ratio - proportion
9. Time periods
- from 1985 to 1995 = between 1985 and 1995 - in the first/last three months/ years of the
- in the period from… to…/ in the period years/decades…
between… and… - over a …-year period/over the period of…year

v PRACTICE
1. The table below shows the proportion of different categories of families living in Australia in 1999.

2. The line graph below shows the changes in the amount and types of fast food consumed by American teenagers from 1975 to
2000

3. The graph below shows the average daily spend of three categories of international visitor to New Zealand from 1997 to 2017.
 Ms. Linh

4. The table below gives information about the percentage of land covered by forest in various countries in1990 and 2005 with
estimated figures for 2015.

5. The chart below shows the numbers of male and female research students studying six science – related subjects at a UK
university in 2009.

6. The line charts show the size of the global population from 1400 to 2000 and the pie chart shows the global population by
region in 1900 and 2000.

V. OVERVIEW
- From an overall perspective/ from a general perspective/ Overall/ In general/ generally…
- As can be seen from the graph/chart/table,…
- At first glance,… on a closer examination, …
v STRUCTURES
13. THERE + BE + ADJ+ UPWARD/DOWNWARD TREND + IN…
Eg: There was a significant upward trend in the car sales over the period shown.
14. THERE + BE + A/AN + ADJ + N + in N
Eg: There was a significant rise in car sales.
15. S + V + ADV
Eg: Car sales rose significantly.
16. S + EXPERIEINCE/ WITNESS/ SUFFER FROM + A/AN + ADJ + N
Eg: Car sales experienced a significant rise.
17. A/AN + ADJ + NOUN + NUMBER + WAS SEEN + IN SUBJECT + TIME PERIOD
Eg: A significant increase of 30% was seen in the car sales in 2001.
18. TIME PERIOD + WITNESSED/SAW + A/AN + ADJ + NOUN + IN + NOUN PHRASE
Eg: The year 2001 witnessed a significant increase of 30% in the car sales.

v PRACTICE:

3. Practice 1:
k) Meat consumption has fallen sharply.

l) There was a brief dip in share prices at the start of the year.
 Ms. Linh

m) Her fitness level improved dramatically.

n) There will be rapid recovery in share prices next year.

o) The use of GM food has grown steadily in some countries.

VI. DETAILS
- It is clear/ evident from the chart that..
- As can be seen/ illustrated from the chart,…
- A closer look at the chart reveals that …
- It is interesting to note that…
- Similarly/ likewise…
- In contrast/ meanwhile/ however
- In terms of …/ with regard to…/ with respect to…/ regarding …

v LANGUAGE FOR TRENDS

7. VERBS

Increase Decrease Unchanged Fluctuate

Increase Decrease - Remain/keep - Remain fluctuated

stable/ constant/ unchanged
Rise Fall
- Stabilize - Fluctuate upward/
Grow Drop
- Stay the same downward/
Improve Decline - Stay at the same horizontally
level
Soar Reduce
- Level off
- Show/have a
Surge Reach/ hit the dip of - Reach a plateau
fluctuation
- Plateau
Recover Hit the lowest point

Hit/ reach the highest Bottom out at

point
 Ms. Linh
Hit/ reach the peak of Plummet: fall very
quickly and suddenly
Peak at
Plunge

Dwindle

Shrink

Eg: The community has dwindled to a tenth of its former size in the last two years.

8. NOUNS

Increase Decrease

Growth Diminishing

Rise Lowering

Jump Drop

Expansion Fall

Upsurge Depletion

Acceleration Downturn

Development Nosedive: a sudden fast fall in prices,

values, etc.
Doubling
Stability

Fluctuation

9. ADJECTIVES/ ADVERBS

ADJ ADV
 Ms. Linh
Weak/ slow Slight

Marginal

Modest

Average Gradual

Moderate

Steady

Strong/ fast Dramatic

Sharp

Steep

Rapid

Significant

Remarkable

Considerable

Noticeable

Substantial

Exponential

v PRACTICE

Exercise 1: Rewrite the following sentences

22. The number of cars fell gradually over the period from 1990 to 2000.

23. The research investment decreased significantly in 2005.

24. There was a slight fall in the sales of bananas in 2006.

25. The quality of food in supermarkets has increased sharply.

 Ms. Linh
26. There was a quick drop of $3 million in sugar imports in 1988.

27. There was an upward trend in the number of visitors to the website.
è The number of visitors
28. The number of students applying to the university stabilized over the decade.
è A stability
è Exercise 2: The graph below shows the rates of smoking in Someland between men and women. Write a report for

a university lecturer describing the information

Exercise 3:The chart below shows the amount of money per week spent on fast foods in Britain. Write a report for a
university lecturer describing the information shown below.
 Ms. Linh

Exercise 4:
The percentage of malnourished elderly people
in the EU fell gradually between 1970 and 1978.
Over the follwing 7 years, it ________________,
until 1990, when it ______________ at 16%.
After falling slightly, the rate of malnutrition
____________ for a decade. Since 2000, there
will be a _____________. Over the next 10
years, it is expected to _______________
_______________________

Exercise 5: Preposition: Complete the sentences below with appropriate prepositions

a) ________1990 ______2000, there was a drop _____15%.

b) The car sales peaked _____ 2000 in 1999.
c) The statistics show a reduction _____ 20% _____ energy costs as a result _____ the measures.
d) The number of students fell _____ a low of 1500 in the second half _____ the year.
e) In 2009, the rate of unemployment fell _____ 2% (from 10% to 8%).
f) He won the election _____ 52% of the vote.
g) Unemployment reached its highest level _____ the year 2008 _____ 10%.

Exercise 6: Describe the information in these given charts

1. Statistics, percentage, proportion

- ½ = 50% = a half - ¼ = 25% = a quarter - 1/3 = 33%: one third
- 49%: Just under a è 75%: three-quarters - 32%: almost a third
half/nearly a half - 30%: less than a third
 Ms. Linh
- 20%: a fifth
- 10% - 15%: a minority
- 65% - 75%: a significant
proportion
- 75% - 85%: a vast
majority
 Ms. Linh

2. Verbs for proportions: Account for/ make up/ comprise/ constitute

Eg: The highest expenditure belonged to cars, accounting for 44%.

LANGUAGE FOR MAKING COMPARISON

I. EQUALITY
v As + adj + as

1. Chemistry was as popular as Math.

2. Chemistry was almost as popular as Math.
3. Chemistry was (not) nearly as popular as Math.

Practice: The bar chart below shows the numbers of students sitting examinations in 8 different subjects and the
percentage of students gaining top marks.

1. Biology/ Art+ Design

2. Physical Education/ Computing

3. Physical Education/ Chemistry.

4. Media, Film + TV/ Mathematics

v Verb + as + Noun phrase + as

1. Store A sold as many CDs as store B.

v Store A did not sell as many CDs as store B in 2020, with 234,000 compared to 250,000.
2. Store A sold as much sugar as store B.
v Store A did not sell as much sugar as store B, at 234kg and 250kg respectively.
 Ms. Linh

Practice:
1. Japan/ Ethiopia à Japan did not win as many medals as Ethiopia,
taking home nine compared to Ethiopia’s ten.
2. Australia/ the French athletes

3. USA/ China

II. COMPARATIVES
v ADJECTIVE
1. Math was more popular than Chemistry.
2. The number/ percentage of students who chose Math was (slightly/ considerably) higher/ lower than
that of Chemistry at 234 and 250 respectively.
3. A higher percentage of students chose Math than Chemistry, with 234 compared to 250.

Practice:

1. China/ USA

2. UK/ France

3. Italy/ Ethiopia
 Ms. Linh

v NOUN
More/ fewer/ less + noun + than

1. More students chose Math than Chemistry.

2. More men than women chose Math.

Practice:

1. Fewer students sat in the Art and Design exam than in Chemistry exam.
2.
3.
4.

III. SUPERLATIVES
v The most/ least/ + adj
The most popular subject was Math.
v By far the /most/ least + adj + N
Math was by far the most popular subject.
v … had (by far) the (second) highest percentage/number of … at…
Math had by far the highest percentage at 47%.
v The number/ percentage of + Noun phrase + be the highest/ smallest.
 Ms. Linh
The percentage of students chose Math was the highest.
v The highest percentage of + Noun phrase + be in …
The highest percentage of students who gained top marks was in Math.
v The most adj + Noun phrase + be in …
The most expensive coffee was in Brazil.
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
v In terms of …, … come top of the list.
In terms of sales, Brazil came top of the list.
v … headed the list with…
Brazil headed the list with 234 million dollar.
v … was ranked first with…
Brazil was ranked second with 234 million dollars.
v Ranked in first place was …
Ranked in the second place was Brazil at 234 million dollars.
v The second/ third/ … most + adj + be in
The second most expensive was in UK at ..
PRACTICE 1:

Exercise 1: Complete the sentences below with a comparative of supelative form.

a. The percentage of students gaining top markd in Art and Design was _________________ the
percentage of students achieving top marks in Chemistry.
b. The ____________popular subjects were _________________________________
c. The HFT examination was taken by ______________students than the PE examination.
d. However, a __________________of students taking HFT exam gained top marks.
e. The ______________ of students gaining top marks was ______________________________
 Ms. Linh

Practice 2: Rewrite the sentences below using the words in bracket.

a. More girls than boys passed their english examinations [fewer]

b. The same number of boys and girls achieved a passing grade in English. [as…as]

c. Boys did well in Technology, girls, in contrast, did well in language-related subjects. [whereas/ better]

d. The number of passes in Technology was higher for boys than for girls. [lower]

e. Nearly as many boys as many girls passed the Technology exam. [similar]

IV. NUMERICAL COMPARATIVES

halve The number of students in 2000 halved to 50 over 10 years.

half The number of students in 2000 was a half of those in 2010.

double The population of Vietnam has doubled during the last 10 years.

double The population of Vietnam has seen a double in size during the last 10 years.

treble The population of Vietnam trebled during the last 10 years.

triple The population of Vietnam saw a triple in size during the last 10 years.

twice There are twice as many houses in this area as there used to be.

three There are three times as many houses in this area as there used to be.
times

fourfold There was a fourfold increase in price

fourfold Profits rose fourfold

… times The figure in 2000 was six times higher than that in 2010.
 Ms. Linh
SUMMARY OF SOME STRUCTURES

v Half/twice/ three times + as + adj+ as …

Chemistry was half as popular as Math among girls.
Chemistry was twice as popular as Math among girls.
Chemistry was three times as popular as Math among girls.

v Twice as + noun phrase+ … than…

Twice as many girls chose Math than Chemistry.
Threetimes à
There are twice as many girls who chose Math than girls who chose Chemistry.
Twice as many men said they enjoy watching thrillers than romantic comedies.

v The number of … be twice/ three times higher than the number of …

The number of girls chosing Math was twice the number of boys, at 60 and 30 respectively.
àthree times
The number of men who like comedies is two times higher than the number of men who like
westerns, at 20 and 10 respectively.

v Threefold/ fourfold…
The number of girls choosing Math was threefold higher than that of boys.
There was threefold increase in the number of students choosing Math from 1990 to 2000.
The number of students choosing Math rose threefold.

Practice: Use the structures above to write sentences about the most popular food for children.
Popular food

Survey of 100 children

fried chicken chips burgers pizza cheese sticks ice cream

25 20 10 5 10 30

1.

2.
 Ms. Linh
3.

4.

5.

6.

Practice: Use the numerical comparatives to write 3 sentences about the most popular film genres for women.

1.
2.
3.

Below are some useful ways to write about the results of a survey.
• Forty-five people said they prefer…
• Just 10% of the people who were asked said
• More than 30% of the people who completed the survey said/ who responded said
• Over half of the respondent said/ replied
• Around a third of the participants in the questionnaire said
• A small minority of those surveyed said
 Ms. Linh
Practice: Use the language above to write about this survey. The table shows the results of an online survey

of 1,000 people about their first-choice holiday accommodation.

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

V. LINKING DEVICES
1. Brazil sold 234 tons of coffee in 1999, while/ whereas/ meanwhile UK sold 270 tons.
2. Brazil sold 234 tons of coffee in 1999, as opposed to UK, who sold 270 tons.
3. 234 people chose coffee in 1999, whereas just 100 respondents opted for tea.
4. 234 people chose coffee in 1999, compared to just 100 who opted for tea.

VI. PRACTICE

The graph below shows the production levels of main fuel in a European country from 1981 to 2000. (9/2/2019)
Ms. Linh