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Var berg Purcell Rigdon
Contents
Preface ix
O Preliminaries 1
0.1 Real Numbers, Estimation, and Logic 1
0.2 Inequalities and Absolute Values 8
0.3 The Rectangular Coordinate System 16
0.4 Graphs of Equations 24
0.5 Functions and Their Graphs 29
0.6 Operations on Functions 35
0.7 Trigonometric Functions 41
0.8 Chapter Review 51
Review and Preview Problems 54
1 Limits SS
1.1 Introduction to Limits 55
1.2 Rigorous Study of Limits 61
l.3 Limit Theorems 68
1.4 Limits Involving Trigonometric Functions 73
1.5 Limits at Infinity; Infinite Limits 77
1.6 Continuity of Functions 82
1.7 Chapter Review 90
Review and Preview Problems 92
2 The Derivative 93
2.1 Two Problems with One Theme 93
2.2 The Derivative 100
2.3 Rules for Finding Derivatives 107
2.4 Derivatives of Trigonometric Functions 114
2.5 The Chain Rule 118
2.6 Higher-Order Derivatives 125
2. 7 Implicit Differentiation 130
2.8 Related Rates 135
2.9 Differentials and Approximations 142
2.10 Chapter Review 147
Review and Preview Problems 150
3 Applications of the Derivative 151
3.1 Maxima and Minima 151
3.2 lvfonotonicity and Concavity 155
3.3 Local Extrema and Extrema on Open Intervals 162
3.4 Practical Problems 167
3.5 Graphing Functions Using Calculus 178
3.6 The Mean Value Theorem for Derivatives 185
3.7 Solving Equations Numerically 190
3.8 Antiderivatives 197
3.9 Introduction to Differential Equations 203
3.10 Chapter Review 209
Review and Preview Problems 214
v
vi Contents
4 The Definite Integral 215
4.1 Introduction to Area 215
4.2 The Definite Integral 224
4.3 The First Fundamental Theorem of Calculus 232
4.4 The Second Fundamental Theorem of Calculus and the Method
of Substitution 243
4.5 The Mean Value Theorem for Integrals and the
Use of Symmetry 253
4.6 Numerical Integration 260
4.7 Chapter Review 270
Review and Preview Problems 274
5 Applications of the Integral 275
5.1 The Area of a Plane Region 275
5.2 Volumes of Solids: Slabs, Disks, Washers 281
5.3 Volumes of Solids of Revolution: Shells 288
5.4 Length of a Plane Curve 294
5.5 Work and Fluid Force 301
5.6 Moments and Center of Mass 308
5.7 Probability and Random Variables 316
5.8 Chapter Review 322
Review and Preview Problems 324
6 Transcendental Functions 325
6.1 The Natural Logarithm Function 325
6.2 Inverse Functions and Their Derivatives 331
6.3 The Natural Exponential Function 337
6.4 General Exponential and Logarithmic Functions 342
6.5 Exponential Growth and Decay 347
6.6 First-Order Linear Differential Equations 355
6.7 Approximations for Differential Equations 359
6.8 The Inverse Trigonometric Functions and Their Derivatives 365
6.9 The Hyperbolic Functions and Their Inverses 374
6.10 Chapter Review 380
Review and Preview Problems 382
7 Techniques of Integration 383
7.1 Basic Integration Rules 383
7.2 Integration by Parts 387
7.3 Some Trigonometric Integrals 393
7.4 Rationalizing Substitutions 399
7.5 Integration of Rational Functions Using Partial Fractions 404
7.6 Strategies for Integration 411
7.7 Chapter Review 419
Review and Preview Problems 422
