History of English in Geographical Names.

Study the map of Britain. Pick up the geographical names of:

Present the result of your research as  a table / spidegram / mind map etc.

Celtic origin  West Walton, Walsoken, Walpoles,

 Arden (forest), Warwickshire
From Celtic *ardu- 'high' (Irish ard)

 Avon (river), Gloucestershire/Wiltshire/Somerset
 Avon (river), Wiltshire/Hampshire/Dorset
 Avon (river),
Northamptonshire/Warwickshire/Worcestershire/Gloucestershire
 Avon or Aune (river), Devon
From Celtic *iska 'water' (Irish uisce)

 Brean, Somerset
 Bredon, Worcestershire
 Breedon on the Hill, Leicestershire
 Brewood, Staffordshire
 Brill, Buckinghamshire
First element from Celtic *briga 'hill'

 Brent (river), Greater London

 Brentford, Greater London
From Celtic *brigant- 'high, lofty, elevated' (or divine name, Brigantia)

 Camulodunum (Latin), now Colchester, Essex

From *kamulos 'Camulus' (divine name) + Celtic *dūnon 'fortress'

 Dever (river), Hampshire
 Deverill (river), Wiltshire
 Devon, Latin Dumnonia
From tribal name Dumnonii or Dumnones, from Celtic *dumno- 'deep', 'world'

 Dover, Kent, Latin Dubris

From Celtic *dubr- 'water', *dubrās 'waters' (Welsh dwfr; Breton dour)

 Durham, County Durham, Latin Dunelm

First element is possibly dun, ' hill fort' (Welsh ddin, 'fort').

 Durobrivae (Latin), now Rochester, Kent and Water Newton, Cambridgeshire

 Durovernum Cantiacorum (Latin), now Canterbury, Kent
First element from Celtic *duro- 'fort'; in Dūrobrīvae, Celtic *brīwa 'bridge'

 Exe (river), Devon/Somerset
 Nether Exe, Devon
 Up Exe, Devon
 Exebridge, Devon
  Exford, Somerset
 Exeter, Devon, Latin Isca Dumnoniorum
 Exminster, Devon
 Exton, Somerset
 Exwick, Devon
From Celtic *iska 'water' (Irish uisce); second element in Isca
Dumnoniorum (Exeter) is a tribal name (see Devon)

 Lincoln, Lincolnshire, Latin Lindum Colonia

From Celtic *lindo- 'pool' + Latin colonia 'colony'

 Manchester, Latin Mamucium or Mancunium
From Celtic *mamm- 'breast' (referring to the shape of a hill)

 Noviomagus (Latin), now Chichester, West Sussex and Crayford, Kent

From Celtic *nowijo- 'new' (Welsh newydd) + *magos 'field, plain'
Old Sarum, Wiltshire, Latin Sorviodūnum Second element from Celtic
*dūnon 'fortress'

 Segedunum (Latin), now Wallsend, Tyne and Wear

First element conjectured to be Celtic for 'victorious', 'strength' or 'dry' (theories).
Second element is Celtic *dūnon 'fortress'.

 Sinodun Hills, Berkshire

From Celtic *seno- 'old' + *dūnon 'fortress'

 Tamar (river), Devon/Cornwall
 Tame (river), Greater Manchester
 Tame (river), North Yorkshire
 Tame (river), West Midlands
 Team (river), Tyne and Wear
 Teme (river), Welsh Tefeidiad, Wales/Shropshire/Worcestershire
 Thames (river), Latin Tamesis
Possibly from Celtic *tames- 'dark' (cf. Celtic *temeslos >
Welsh tywyll 'darkness'). Other theories.

 Trinovantum (Latin), now London

'Of the Trinovantes', a tribal name, perhaps 'very energetic people' from Celtic
*tri- (intensive) + *now- 'energetic', related to *nowijo- 'new' (Welsh newydd)

 Verulamium (Latin), now St Albans, Hertfordshire

First element from Celtic *windo- 'white' (Welsh gwyn); in Vindolanda, Celtic
*landā 'land, place' (Welsh llan). In Vindomora, second element could be 'sea'
(Welsh môr, Irish muir).

 Wigan, Greater Manchester

 York, Greek Ebōrakon, Latin Eboracum or Eburacum from Celtic *eburo- 'yew'

Roman
Alaunodunum
origin
Maidenhead, Berkshire
Ardotalia

Gamesley, Glossop, Derbyshire

Bannaventa

Norton, near Daventry, Northamptonshire

Bovio

Tilston, Cheshire

Branodunum

Brancaster, Norfolk

Bravonium

Leintwardine, Herefordshire

Bremetennacum Veteranorum

Ribchester, Lancashire

Brige

Ashley or Stockbrigde, Hampshire

Burrium

Usk, Monmouthshire

Calcaria

Tadcaster, North Yorkshire

Calleva Atrebatum

Silchester, Hampshire

Camborico

Lackford or Hockwold, Norfolk

Caromago

Cramond, Edinburgh

Cataractonium

Catterick, North Yorkshire

Clausentum

Bitterne, Hampshire

Clotagenium

Old Kilpatrick, Glasgow
 Coccium

Wigan, Lancashire

Concangis

Chester-le-Street, County Durham

Congavata or Coggabata

Drumburgh, Cumbria

Condate

Northwich, Cheshire

Corinium Dobunnorum

Cirencester, Gloucestershire

Coria or Corstopitum

Corbridge, Northumberland

Crocolana

Brough, Nottinghamshire

Anglo-Saxon
origin Barrow-in-Furness – barrow(wood)
Banbury
Shaftesbury – bury(fortified place)
Stamford – ford(shallow river crossing)
Birmingham, Southhampton
Buckingham – ham(village)
Staplehurst
Chislehurst – hurst(wooden hill)
Henley - leigh / lee / ley(forest clearing)
Cromer - mer /mar /mere(lake)
Bridport – port(market town)
Stanstead - stead /sted(place)
Stowmarket
Padstow - stow / stowe(meeting place/holy place)
Tonbridge
Alton
Luton - ton / tun(enclosed village / farmstead / manor)
Greenwich (fields)
Woolwich (sheep)
Butterwick (dairy)
Chiswick (cheese)
Norwich (?) - wick / wich(Produce of a farm)
Scandinavia
berg berg nn promontory, Longa Berg, Midberg 
n origin.
rock, rocky
soil
bie boer, farm Murbie Stacks,
býr nm Houbie 
bister bólstaðr  dwelling Kirkabister,
nm place, house Westerbister 
bratta brattr ad steep Bratta Stack,
j Brattibeck 
breck brekka n slope Brattabreck, Breck of
f Hillwell 
brei breiðr ad wide, broad Brei Geo, Breiwick 
j

bretta brattr ad steep Brettabister,

j Brettavale 
brim brim nn surf Brim Ness 
burra borg nf fortification West Burra, Noust of
Burraland
by boer, farm Houseby, Tiptoby 
býr nm
clett klettr nm rock Clett Skerry, Clett of
Thusater 
cliff kleif nf rock Cliffdale, Moo Cliff 
crook krókr nm bend The Crook,
Crooksetter 
cros, kross nm cross, Crosbister, Cross
cross junction Kirk 
dale dalr nm valley Deepdale, Quendale 
deep djúpr adj deep Deepdale 
fair, far fær nf sheep Fair Isle, Fara 
fell fjall nn rough hill, Kat Fell 
mountain
firth fjörðr nm firth, fjord, Sellafirth, Laxfirth 
 sea-loch
fiska, fiskr nm fish North Fiski Geo,
fiski Fiska Ness 
fladda flatr adj flat Fladdabister, Fladda 
fors, fors nm waterfall Forse, Burn of Forse 
forse
foul fugl nm fowl, bird Foula, Foulageo,
Foula Wick 
garth garðr nm >enclosure, Frustigarth, Garths of
fence, Tresta 
farmyard
geo gjá chasm, rif, Ramnageo, Sultigeo 
(gjó) nf gully
gerdi gerði nn enclosure Gerdie 
gil, gill gil nn ravine, Djupa Gill, Feetnies
narrow gully Gill 
gro grár adj grey Grobister, Grobust 
gruin, grunn n shallows Grunna Voe 
grunna n
grut grjót nn gravel Grut Ness, Grut Wick 
ha, haa hár adj high, upper Ha Banks, Hahouse 
ham höfn nf haven, Hamister 
harbour
hamar hamarr  steep rock, Hamar, Hamar Geo 
nm rocky hillside
hamma hamarr  steep rock, Hamma Cletts,
, nm rocky hillside Hamma Ayre 
hamme
r
hamna höfn nn haven, Hamna Heog, Hamna
harbour Dale, Hamnavoe 
heog haugr n mound, cairn Heog, Heoga Berg 
m
hesta, hestr nm horse, Hesti Geo, Hestwall 
hesti stallion
hevda höfði nm headland Stour Hevda,
Hevdawick