Parts of Speech

The dividing of words is called parts of speech.

Ex: Rohan is an intelligent boy.

 Eight Part of Speech

Depending upon the works these words are

divided into eight parts and this dividing is known
as parts of speech.
1. Noun- Naming Word Like- Ram , Rita,
Delhi etc.

2. Pronoun- Substituting word Like- He,

she, it, I, we, you, they etc.
3. Adjective- Qualifying Word Like-
intelligent, handsome, wise, dull etc.

4. Verb- An Action Word/ Asserting word

Helping verbs- Is/ am/are/was/were/ do/does/did

2. Verb- An Action Word/ Asserting word

Helping verbs- Is/ am/are/was/were/ do/does/did

etc.
Modal auxiliary verbs- can, could, may , might
etc.
2. Verb- An Action Word/ Asserting word

Time and Tense

Main verbs
5. Adverb/Modifier- It is a modifying word

Like- Fast, beautifully, slowly, carefully etc.

6. Preposition- It is a positional word

Like- in , into, on, upon, by, with etc.

7. Conjunction- It is a connecting word

Like- and, because, so that, not only- but also

8. Interjection- It is an exclamatory word.
 Noun
Basic:

1) Noun – Naming word

2) Article + word = Noun

It is the name of a person, place or a thing like Ram,

Delhi, table, chair etc.
 Kinds of Nouns
1) Proper

2) Common

3) Collective

4) Abstract

5) Material
1) Proper Nouns – Rahul, Bible, Delhi etc.

Note – The first letter of a proper noun is always in

Capital.

Proper nouns don’t take article before them.

The Chandigarh is a beautiful city.(incorrect)

2) Common Nouns – Student, Player, Boy, Teacher
etc.

Note: Before common nouns we use article “A”

Example: He is a teacher.
Note – Generally, we don’t use articles before proper
nouns But if a proper noun used as common noun,
we can use article (A/An)before it.

EX:
1. Kalidas is the Shakespeare of India

2. Kashmir is the Switzerland of India.

3. Collective Nouns – Class, Team, Union, Govt ,
Army etc.
 Collective Nouns

Group Members
One undivided Whole (sing) Individual of the group pl.
The team is very strong. The team are quarrelling like
children.
The Jury consists of fifteen The jury are divided in their
Persons. Opinion.
4. Abstract Nouns – Name of a quality, action and state

• Quality – Honesty, Kindness, Bravery etc.

• Action – Hatred, Laughter, Theft etc.

• State – Poverty, illness, childhood etc.

Abstract Nouns –

Before abstract nouns we don’t use any articles.

Ex: Honesty is the best policy.

The laughter is the best medicine for health.

5. Material Nouns – Name of a matter or substance

• Gold, Silver, Iron, Milk, Coffee, Sugar, etc.

 Nouns and Numbers

Countable Uncountable

We use Many We use Much

Friends , books, stars Information. works,

Rupees, coins etc. Advice, Mischief, Knowledge,
Money etc.
1 He has (a)/ many works to complete (b)/ within a
allotted time (c)/ No error (d)/

2. She did many mischief.

3. She did many acts of mischief.

 Identification of Nouns (suffix)

Ness – Happiness, Brightness, Darkness etc.

Ism- Racism, Criticism, Euphemism etc.

Cy – Accuracy, Literacy, Fluency etc.

Ty – Ability, Beauty, Activity, Veracity etc.

Tion – Attraction, Addiction, Education, Inception etc.

 Identification of Nouns (suffix)

Ship – Friendship, Relationship, Ownership etc.

Ment- Entertainment, Excitement, Management etc.

Ance – Advance, Performance, Romance, Extravagance

etc.

Ence – Audience, Confidence, Confluence etc.

 Identify the Noun

1. Ram is an intelligent boy. ( subject

Complement)

Ram killed the boy.

2. He called the man a liar. (Object Complement)

 Identify the Noun

3. I gave Rita a ring.

object Object

4. She is fond of painting.

Preposition+ object.
 Identify the Noun

5. Swimming is a good exercise.

Subject verb Object

6. To learn a new language is difficult.

 Identification of Noun

Subject Object After a Gerund Infinitive

Subject Object Prep. (V1+ ing) (To+ v1)
Complement Complement
 NOUN EXERCISE

1. (a) It is a big blunder / (b) but we had / (c)to

ignore it / (d) No error
 Concept

Superfluous Expression

Return back Angry Mob

Remind back All monthly expense
Recall back Cousin Brother/ Sister
Revert back Conclusively suspected
Retreat back
2. The foremost criterion of selection (a)/ we
adopted were the number of years (b)/ of training a
dancer had received (c)/ under a particular guru (d)/
No error (e)/
Singular Plural

Criterion Criteria
Phenomenon Phenomana
Lacuna Lacunae/Lacunas
Formula Formulae/Formulas
Medium Media
Stadium Stadia
Datum Data
Singular Plural

Crisis Crises
Basis Bases

3.There are (a)/ many lacuna in the law (b)/ for the
lawyers (c)/ to help the culprits (d)/ No error (e)/
4. (a)/ One must be always /(b) true to one’s words
/(c) if one wants to get respect from everyone. / (d)
No error.
 Concept

Singular Plural
Wood Woods
Good Goods
Word Words
Manner Manners
5. (a)/ My sister /(b) has read /(c) pages after pages
of the Bible. /(d) No error.
 Concept

Page after Page

City after City
Town after Town
Row after Row
Row upon Row
6. (a)/ I went to the temple /(b) with my parents,
aunts /(c) and cousin sisters. /(d) no error.
7. (a)/ The driver /(b) showed great talent in
keeping /(c) the damaged car under control /(d) No
error
 Concept

Talent Skill

Climate Weather
8. (a)/ The Manager put forward /(b) a number of
criterions /(c) for the post. /(d) No error.
9. (a)/ I like /(b) the poetries /(c) of Byron and
Shelley. /(d) No error
10. (a)/ The beautiful /(b) surrounding of the place
/(c) enchanted me. /(d) No error
11. (a)/ No Porter being available /(b) he carried /(c)
all his luggages himself /(d) No error
Question of the day

One Word Substitution

The practice of magic.

A. Substantial
B. Palpable
C. Corporal
D. Witchery (Do comment your answer)
 CAA, 2019

• The Amendment seeks to make illegal migrants who are Hindus, Sikhs, Buddhists, Jains, Parsis and
Christians from Afghanistan, Bangladesh, and Pakistan, eligible for citizenship if they entered India on
or before December 31, 2014.
• Certain areas in the North-East are exempted from above provision. Tribal areas of Assam,
Meghalaya, Mizoram, or Tripura included in the Sixth Schedule to the Constitution, or areas under the
“Inner Line” permit, i.e., Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, and Nagaland.
• On acquiring citizenship all legal proceedings against them in respect of their illegal migration or
citizenship will be closed.
• The period of acquiring citizenship by naturalisation has been reduced from 11 years to 5 years for
above category of migrants.
• The Act provides that the central government may cancel the registration of OCIs on certain grounds.
These include:
(i) if the OCI has registered through fraud, or
(ii) if, within five years of registration, the OCI has been sentenced to imprisonment for two years
or more, or
(iii) if it becomes necessary in the interest of sovereignty and security of India.