NUTRITION GUIDELINES
Type of Diabetes Mellitus and Pre-Diabetes
Condition
Indications For those with elevated HBA1C and Fasting Blood Sugar Levels (Pre-Diabetes).
for use For those diagnosed with Diabetes Type I or Type 2.
Diabetes is a condition where people don't produce enough insulin to meet their
body's needs and/or their cells don't respond properly to insulin. Insulin is
important because it moves glucose, a simple sugar, into the body's cells from
the blood. It also has a number of other effects on metabolism.
Description Pre-diabetes is a condition wherein a person have a higher-than-normal blood
sugar level ,but not high enough to qualify as a diagnosis of diabetes.
The food that people eat provides the body with glucose, which is used by our
body as a source of energy. If insulin isn't available or doesn't work correctly to
move glucose from the blood into cells, glucose will stay in the blood.
1. Low Glycemic Index (GI) - Low-GI carbohydrates foods digest slower and will
be less likely to elevate blood. Refer to food guide list for details.
2. Low Salt Diet – limit salty and processed foods to prevent elevated blood
pressure and prevent kidney overload.
3. Low fat/ Low Cholesterol Diet – limit fatty food intake and choose from good
Dietary
cholesterol oils (such as Canola, Olive oils, corn oil) to avoid heart related
Guidelines
conditions; high in fat can cause your blood sugar to stay high longer.
4. High Fiber – increase fiber intake to lower cholesterol, maintain a healthy weight,
and help control blood sugar levels; High-fiber foods generally require more
chewing time, which gives your body time to register when you're no longer hungry,
so you're less likely to overeat.
FOOD GUIDE LIST
FOOD GROUP ALLOWED *LIMITED OR AVOIDED
LOW Glycemic Index Oatmeal (rolled or
Foods steel-cut), oat bran,
muesli.
Pasta, corn rice, barley,
bulgur
Sweet potato
beans, peas, legumes,
and lentils
Apple & other citrus
fruits
Green & leafy
vegetables
Milk
MEDIUM Glycemic Index Brown Rice, Basmati Limit fruit intake to no
Foods Rice, Couscous,Quiona more than 3
Pop Corn servings/day
Pita Bread, Whole
Wheat & Rye Bread
Quick Oats
Granola
Pineapple
HIGH Glycemic Index White rice, Bagel,
Carbohydrate Foods White bread
Corn flakes
Potato
Rice Cakes
Ice cream
Watermelon
All other foods
containing simple
sugar-fruit drinks, fruit
juices, soft drinks, pie,
milk shakes, sweet
rolls
FOOD GROUP ALLOWED *LIMITED / AVOIDED
Proteins- Meats & Dairy Lean meats from Fats from animal meats
chicken, pork, beef; All kinds of processed
Fish meats such as chorizo,
Low-fat milk luncheon meats,
Plant based milk hotdogs, spam
Tofu and other plant-
based proteins
Fats Olive and canola oil in All omega-6 vegetable oil
allowed amounts (corn, safflower and
Flaxseeds, Chia sunflower) and margarines.
seeds,Sesame seeds
Soups Fat milk and allowed
vegetable bouillon, broth
and consommé
Misc. Herbs & Spices- MSG & preservatives,
Cinnamon, Turmeric, high in sodium
Basil, seasonings
Garlic,Ginger,Onions, Bagoong
Currry
Beverages Plenty of water (8-10 Alcoholic beverages
glasses), buco juice in
Fruit Juices
allowed amount and tea
Note: Some foods may be limited or avoided, depending on your blood sugar levels.
Refer to your Registered Nutritionist-Dietitian for appropriate advice.
KEY CONCEPTS IN DIABETES MANAGEMENT
GLUCOSE CONTROL
Improved glycemic control benefits people with either type 1 or type 2 diabetes or Pre-diabetes. This
can be managed thru food portion and food quality control.
Goals should be individualized, and lower goals may be reasonable based on benefit-risk assessment.
Below are blood test guidelines.
BLOOD PRESSURE CONTROL
Goal: blood pressure 130/80 mm Hg. (may refer to your physician for individual goals)
Restriction of sodium to 2,400 mg/day or less, assists in the control of hypertension. Refer to your
Physician for individual sodium requirements
Blood pressure control can reduce cardiovascular disease (heart disease and stroke)and can reduce
microvascular disease (eye, kidney, and nerve disease) .
BLOOD LIPID CONTROL
Improved control of cholesterol or blood lipids (e.g., high-density lipoprotein [HDL], low-density
lipoprotein [LDL], and triglycerides) can reduce cardiovascular complications.
Increase fiber intake and lower sources of animal proteins (saturated fats which may cause increased
LDL and VLDL levels)
Lower sweet consumptions as it may increase triglyceride levels.
PREVENTIVE CARE PRACTICES FOR EYES & FEET
Detecting & treating diabetic eye disease with laser therapy can reduce the development of severe
vision loss
Comprehensive foot care programs can reduce amputation rates
PREVENTIVE CARE KIDNEYS (PRE-RENAL FAILURE)
Detecting and treating early diabetic kidney disease by lowering blood pressure can reduce the decline
in kidney function.
There is evidence for a benefit on renal function, glucose, lipids, and blood pressure from weight-
maintaining diets.
Maintain blood glucose levels as nearly normal as possible.
Once albuminuria and elevated creatinine levels are present, ask your physician for a referral to a
Dietitian
