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Computer Systems Servicing NC II Quarter 1 Module 7

PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS /
Electronic Spreadsheet using MS Excel
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Simple Formulas
Introduction
One of the most powerful features in Excel is the ability to calculate numerical information
using formulas. Just like a calculator, Excel can add, subtract, multiply, and divide.

What is a Formula?
Formulas are used by worksheets to perform calculations on the data you enter. With formulas, you
can perform addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division using the values contained in various
cells.

Mathematical operators
Excel uses standard operators for formulas, such as a plus sign for addition (+), a minus sign for
subtraction (-), an asterisk for multiplication (*), a forward slash for division (/), and a caret (^) for
exponents.

All formulas in Excel must begin with an equals sign (=). This is because the cell contains, or is equal
to, the formula and the value it calculates.

Understanding cell references

While you can create simple formulas in Excel manually (for example, =2+2 or =5*5), most of the
time you will use cell addresses to create a formula. This is known as making a cell reference. Using
cell references will ensure that your formulas are always accurate because you can change the value
of referenced cells without having to rewrite the formula.
Cells – are the intersection of rows and columns
Cell Reference – also known as cell address that identifies a cell on
a worksheet.
- B2 and D4 are examples of cell references

- Use cell reference when creating formulas in Excel to ensure that your formulas are accurate.
Take a look at the table below, instead of using the actual values which are 5, 10, and 20 use the
cell references A1, A2, and A3.

The formula in cell A4 refers

to the value in cell A1 which
is 5 multiplied by the value
in cell A2 which is 10 plus
the value of A3 which is 20.
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Cells – are the intersection of rows and columns

Cell Reference – also known as cell address that identifies a cell on
a worksheet.
- B2 and D4 are examples of cell references

- Use cell reference when creating formulas in Excel to ensure

that your formulas are accurate. Take a look at the table below,
instead of using the actual values which are 5, 10, and 20 use
the cell references A1, A2, and A3.

The formula in cell A4 refers

to the value in cell A1 which
is 5 multiplied by the value
in cell A2 which is 10 plus
the value of A3 which is 20.

The formula calculates

and displays the answer
to the equation A1
multiplied by A2 plus A3
is 70.

The formula
automatically
recalculates when the
value of a referenced cell
is changed.

Active Cell – the currently selected cell in a spreadsheet and is

indicated by a bold outline that surrounds the cell
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- B5 is the active cell

Texts or labels – It identifies the purpose of a cell, it can be a brief

instruction, a title or caption.
Number data or constant – a value that doesn’t change and is directly
inserted into a cell.
Formula (mathematical equations) – an expression that calculates the
value of a cell.
Mathematical Operators – MS Excel uses standard operators for
formulas.

Functions- These are pre-defined formulas that are already available in

MS Excel.
Examples of Formula

This formula used the

SUM function to add the
numbers
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Note: A formula always begin with an equal (=) sign.

Commonly Used Excel Functions

SUM – Adds all the numbers in a range of cells.

COUNT - Counts the number of cells that contain numbers.

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MIN - Returns the smallest number in a set of values.

MAX - Returns the largest value in a set of values.

AVERAGE - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of the arguments.

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SUMIF – Adds the cells specified by a given condition or criteria. SUMIF

function has the following syntax:
SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)

Range - The range of cells that you want to evaluate based

on a given criteria.
Criteria – It determines which cells will be added.
Sum_Range – These are the cells containing numeric values
and the cells to add if the condition is met.

For example, you want to find the total ratings of the teachers in terms of the
product’s quality. The formula to use to get the total ratings of the teachers is
shown below.

Sometimes the use of sum_range is optional just like in the example below.
The formula in the following example will add the total scores of the students
which are higher than 10. Students with scores lower than ten will not be
added.
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AVERAGEIF - Returns the average (arithmetic mean) of all the cells in a range
that meet a given criteria. AVERAGEIF function has the following syntax:

AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)

Range - The range of cells that you want to apply the

criteria.
Criteria – It determines which cells to average.
Average_Range – These are the cells containing numeric
values and the actual set of cells to average.

For example, you want to get the average of the students’ ratings in terms of
the product’s quality. The formula to use to get the average rating of the
students is shown below.

COUNTIF - Counts the number of cells within a range that meet a single
criterion that you specify. COUNTIF function has the following syntax:
COUNTIF(range, criteria)

Range – The range of cells to count.

Criteria – The criteria that determines which cells to be
counted.

The formula =COUNTIF(I3:I7,”YES”) will count the number of respondents

that voted for “Yes”.
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If you want to count the number of students who got grades of 90 and above
in the first quarter you can use the formula below.

The example below shows the formula on how to count the number of students
who got grades of 85 and above from the first to the second quarter.

IF – This function is one of the most popular functions in Excel. It can perform
a logical test and returns one value if TRUE, and another value if FALSE. The
following is the syntax of IF function:
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IF(logical_test, value_if_true, value_if_false)

Logical Test - A value or logical expression that can be

evaluated as True or False.
Value if True – The value to return if the logical test or logical
expression evaluates to TRUE.
Value if False – The value to return if the logical test or logical
expression evaluates to FALSE.

The table below shows the formula to display “Passed” if the student’s average is 75
and above, and “Failed” if the average is below 75. Since the cell reference H2 has the
value of 73.6, “Failed” will be displayed. But not in the case of cell references H3
and H4, since their values are higher than 75 “Passed” will be displayed.

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What’s More

Direction: Using the tables below create the formula that will solve the given
problems. Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.

Use the table below to answer numbers 1 and 2.

1. Count the number of

products where price is less
than 500.
2. Display “Within the Budget”
if the total amount is less
than 1,500. Otherwise
“Over the Budget” will be
displayed.

Use the table below to answer number 3.

3. Show the total sales for the

month of August.
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Use the table below to answer numbers 4, 5, and 6.

4. Count the number of

orders delivered in Lake
Sebu.
5. Count the number of
television orders.
6. Count the number of items
that are less than 15.

Use the table below to answer numbers 7, 8, 9, and 10.

7. Count the number of

respondents.
8. Show how many
respondents are having
glucose level of more than
90.
9. Compute the average of
glucose level.
10. Count the number of
respondents whose age is
older than 50.
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What I Have Learned

In this lesson we have learned that a spreadsheet is an application that enables a

user to save, sort and manage data in an arranged form of rows and columns.
Spreadsheet can be used to calculate students’ grades, track inventories, and even
manage databases. One of the widely used spreadsheet programs is the Microsoft
Excel. MS Excel allows users to organize, format and calculate data using formulas
and functions.

With Excel formulas and functions, many operations and tasks are performed
automatically. Users can type numbers or value directly into the formula or use cell
references, so the formula can use any data found in the referenced cells. Some of
the many functions of MS Excel are SUM, AVERAGE, COUNT, MIN, MAX, SUMIF,
AVERAGEIF, COUNTIF, and IF. These functions are pre-defined, it means that these
functions are already available in MS Excel.
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Assessment

Modified True or False: Write TRUE if the statement is correct. If the statement is
false, change the underlined word or phrase to make the whole statement correct.
Write your answer on a separate sheet of paper.
__________________1. Microsoft Excel can perform mathematical equations.
__________________2. Range, criteria, and logical test are part of the
AVERAGEIF syntax.
__________________3. Excel formulas always begin with a sign.
__________________4. Excel can be used to create a database.
__________________5. Column J and row 9 is also referred to as cell 9J.
__________________6. AVERAGE function used to get the average of a certain
range of cells if a condition is met.
__________________7. SUMIF function adds all the numeric values in a range of
cells, ignoring those which are not numeric, and place
the result in a different cell.
__________________8. Both IF and AVERAGEIF can perform a logical test.
__________________9. Asterisk (*) symbol is used to multiply items in Excel.
__________________10. SUMIF function adds values that meet a given criteria.
__________________11. IF function can have two results.
__________________12. Functions are mathematical equations tha Computer Systems
Servicing NC II Quarter 1 Module 7
PERFORMING COMPUTER OPERATIONS /
Electronic Spreadsheet using MS Excel
t calculates the
value of a cell.
__________________13. The intersection of rows and columns is called cell
reference.
__________________14. AVERAGEIF function returns the arithmetic mean of all
the cells in a range that meet a given criteria.
__________________15. In Excel, the active cell is indicated by an underline.
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