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Lecture 5

The document discusses various microoperations used in computer systems including: 1) Register transfer microoperations that move data between registers. 2) Arithmetic microoperations like addition, subtraction, and increment/decrement. 3) Logic microoperations and shift microoperations. It provides examples of typical arithmetic micro-operations and describes how binary adders and incrementers are implemented using full-adders to perform arithmetic logic functions at the circuit level.

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Ritesh Kumar
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12 views12 pages

Lecture 5

The document discusses various microoperations used in computer systems including: 1) Register transfer microoperations that move data between registers. 2) Arithmetic microoperations like addition, subtraction, and increment/decrement. 3) Logic microoperations and shift microoperations. It provides examples of typical arithmetic micro-operations and describes how binary adders and incrementers are implemented using full-adders to perform arithmetic logic functions at the circuit level.

Uploaded by

Ritesh Kumar
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Register Transfer and Micro-operations 1

Overview

 Register Transfer Language

 Register Transfer

 Bus and Memory Transfers

 Arithmetic Micro-operations

 Logic Micro-operations

 Shift Micro-operations

 Arithmetic Logic Shift Unit

CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 2

MICROOPERATIONS

Computer system microoperations are of four types:

 Register transfer microoperations


 Arithmetic microoperations
 Logic microoperations
 Shift microoperations

CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 3

Arithmetic MICROOPERATIONS
• The basic arithmetic microoperations are
– Addition
– Subtraction
– Increment
– Decrement

• The additional arithmetic microoperations are


– Add with carry
– Subtract with borrow
– Transfer/Load
– etc. …

Summary of Typical Arithmetic Micro-Operations


R3  R1 + R2 Contents of R1 plus R2 transferred to R3
R3  R1 - R2 Contents of R1 minus R2 transferred to R3
R2  R2’ Complement the contents of R2
R2  R2’+ 1 2's complement the contents of R2 (negate)
R3  R1 + R2’+ 1 subtraction
R1  R1 + 1 Increment
R1  R1 - 1 Decrement

CSE 211
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 4

Binary Adder

arithmetic circuits in the form of full-adders used to add,together two binary digits.

CSE 211
Question
• If R1= 1010 and R2= 0011 then what will the
content of R3 when perform R3  R1 + R2 :
– 1001
– 0111
– 1101
– 0110
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 6

Binary Adder-Subtractor

Binary Adder-Subtractor

B3 A3 B2 A2 B1 A1 B0 A0

C3 C2 C1 C0
FA FA FA FA

C4 S3 S2 S1 S0

 Mode input M controls the operation


 M=0 ---- adder
 M=1 ---- subtractor

CSE 211
Question
• If R1= 1010 and R2= 0011 and M=0 then what
will the output of a Binary Adder-Subtractor
digital circuit:-

– 1001
– 0111
– 1101
– 1100
Question
• If R1= 1010 and R2= 0011 and M=1 then what
will the output of a Binary Adder-Subtractor
digital circuit:-

– 1001
– 0111
– 1101
– 1000
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 9

Binary Incrementer
 It increases the value stored in the register by 1.

Binary Incrementer

A3 A2 A1 A0 1

x y x y x y x y
HA HA HA HA
C S C S C S C S

C4 S3 S2 S1 S0

CSE 211
Question
• What will be the content of register R1 when
perform R1  R1 + 1 :
– 1001
– 0111
– 1101
– 0110
Register Transfer and Micro-operations 11

Arithmetic Circuits
Cin
S1
S0

A0 X0 C0

S1 D0
S0
Y0
FAC1
B0 0
1 4x1
2
3
MUX
A1 X1 C1

S1 D1
S0 FA
B1 0 Y1 C2
1 4x1
2
3
MUX
A2 X2 C2

S1 D2
S0 FA
B2 0 Y2 C3
1 4x1
2
3
MUX
A3 X3 C3

S1 D3
S0 FA
B3 0 Y3 C4
1 4x1
2
3
MUX Cout
0 1

CSE 211

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