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Wifi Frame Task2

The document discusses the IEEE 802.11 frame structure used in wireless local area networks (WLANs). [1] It describes the various fields that make up an 802.11 frame including the frame control field, duration field, address fields, sequence control field, and frame check sequence. [2] It also explains the different types of frames - management, control, and data - and features like fragmentation and acknowledgments. [3]

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39 views4 pages

Wifi Frame Task2

The document discusses the IEEE 802.11 frame structure used in wireless local area networks (WLANs). [1] It describes the various fields that make up an 802.11 frame including the frame control field, duration field, address fields, sequence control field, and frame check sequence. [2] It also explains the different types of frames - management, control, and data - and features like fragmentation and acknowledgments. [3]

Uploaded by

Mo Meqled
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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‫محمد سعيد محمد ابراهيم‬

The 802.11 Frame Structure

e IEEE 802.11 standard, lays down the architecture and specifications of wireless
local area networks (WLANs). WLAN or WiFi uses high frequency radio waves
instead of cables for connecting the devices in LAN. Users connected by WLANs
can move around within the area of network coverage.

The 802.11 MAC sublayer provides an abstraction of the physical layer to the
logical link control sublayer and upper layers of the OSI network. It is responsible
for encapsulating frames and describing frame formats.
 Frame Control(FC) – It is 2 bytes long field which defines type of frame and
some control information. Various fields present in FC are:
1. Version: It is a 2 bit long field which indicates the current protocol version
which is fixed to be 0 for now.
2. Type: It is a 2 bit long field which determines the function of frame i.e
management(00), control(01) or data(10). The value 11 is reserved.
3. Subtype: It is a 4 bit long field which indicates sub-type of the frame like
0000 for association request, 1000 for beacon.
4. To DS: It is a 1 bit long field which when set indicates that destination
frame is for DS(distribution system).
5. From DS: It is a 1 bit long field which when set indicates frame coming
from DS.
6. More frag (More fragments): It is 1 bit long field which when set to 1
means frame is followed by other fragments.
7. Retry: It is 1-bit long field, if the current frame is a retransmission of an
earlier frame, this bit is set to 1.
8. Power Mgmt (Power management): It is 1-bit long field that indicates
the mode of a station after successful transmission of a frame. Set to 1 the
field indicates that the station goes into power-save mode. If the field is set
to 0, the station stays active.
9. More data: It is 1-bit long field that is used to indicate receiver that a
sender has more data to send than the current frame. This can be used by an
access point to indicate to a station in power-save mode that more packets
are buffered or it can be used by a station to indicate to an access point
after being polled that more polling is necessary as the station has more
data ready to transmit.
10.WEP: It is 1 bit long field which indicates that the standard security
mechanism of 802.11 is applied.
11.Order: It is 1 bit long field, if this bit is set to 1 the received frames must
be processed in strict order.
 Duration/ID – It is 4 bytes long field which contains the value indicating the
period of time in which the medium is occupied(in µs).
 Address 1 to 4 – These are 6 bytes long fields which contain standard IEEE
802 MAC addresses (48 bit each). The meaning of each address depends on
the DS bits in the frame control field.
 SC (Sequence control) – It is 16 bits long field which consists of 2 sub-fields,
i.e., Sequence number (12 bits) and Fragment number (4 bits). Since
acknowledgement mechanism frames may be duplicated hence, a sequence
number is used to filter duplicate frames.
 Data – It is a variable length field which contain information specific to
individual frames which is transferred transparently from a sender to the
receiver(s).
 CRC (Cyclic redundancy check) – It is 4 bytes long field which contains a
32 bit CRC error detection sequence to ensure error free frame.

Features of the IEEE 802.11 MAC frame:

Frame Control Field: The frame control field contains information about the
type of frame, the data rate, and the power management status.
Duration Field: The duration field specifies the length of time that the channel
will be occupied by the transmission.
Address Fields: The address fields specify the source and destination MAC
addresses of the Wi-Fi devices involved in the communication.
Sequence Control Field: The sequence control field is used to identify and
manage the transmission sequence of the frames.
Frame Body: The frame body contains the actual data being transmitted between
Wi-Fi devices, such as IP packets, TCP segments, or UDP datagrams.
Frame Check Sequence: The frame check sequence (FCS) is used to check the
integrity of the data transmitted in the frame and to detect any transmission
errors.
Management, Control, and Data Frames: The IEEE 802.11 MAC frame
defines three types of frames: management frames, control frames, and data
frames. Management frames are used for network management, control frames
are used for coordination between Wi-Fi devices, and data frames are used for the
transmission of actual data.
Fragmentation: The IEEE 802.11 MAC frame supports fragmentation, which
allows large data packets to be divided into smaller fragments for transmission.
Acknowledgments: The IEEE 802.11 MAC frame uses acknowledgments to
confirm the successful transmission of frames and to request the retransmission
of any frames that were not successfully received.

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