Naga City Science High School GENERAL MATHEMATICS

Balatas, Naga City

S/y 2021 – 2022, First Semester

EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION
Learning Competencies:
✓ Represent exponential function through its table of values, graph, and equation
✓ Find the domain and range of an exponential function
✓ Determine the intercepts and asymptotes of an exponential function

Complete the table of values for each equation and identify the term being described by each phrase.
1𝑥
1. 𝑦 = −2𝑥 2. 𝑦= 2𝑥 3. 𝑦=
2

4. The function value when x = 0.

5. Set of all values that f(x) can take.
6. A point when the function value is equal to zero.
7. Set of all values that the variable x can take.
8. A line that a curve approaches, as it heads towards infinity.

▪ EXPONENTIAL FUNCTION – described using the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , where b is a constant called the base while x
is a variable power or simply the exponent. (𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1)

Illustration 1. Exponential function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , where 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1

Example 1.1: 𝒇 (𝒙 ) = 𝟐𝒙 Table of values

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
1 1 1
f(x) 8 4 2
1 2 4 8 16 32

✓ The table of values shows that the bigger the value of x, the bigger
the value of f(x) and when x becomes smaller, the value of f(x) also
becomes smaller (getting closer to zero but not less).
✓ The graph of the function gets closer to the x – axis or y = 0 but will
never touch it as the value of x decreases. While the graph rapidly
rises to the right as the value of x increases.
✓ The graph of the function extends infinitely along the x – axis.
✓ The value of f(x) will never be less than or equal to zero.
 an exponential function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , where 𝑏 > 0, 𝑏 ≠ 1
has the following properties:

domain: {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ} or (-, +) range: {𝑦|𝑦 > 0} or (0, +)

x – intercept/zeroes: none y – intercept: (0, 1)
horizontal asymptote: y = 0 vertical asymptote: none
the function is a one – to – one function

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Example 1.2: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙

Table of values
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
1 1 1
f(x) 27 9 3
1 3 9 27

𝒙
Example 1.3: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟒
Table of values
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
1 1 1
f(x) 64 16 4
1 4 16 64

Example 1.4: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟓𝒙

Table of values
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
1 1 1
f(x) 125 25 5
1 5 25 125

Illustration 2. Exponential function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , where 0 < 𝑏 < 1

Example 2.1: 𝟏 𝒙 Table of values

𝒇(𝒙) = ( ) x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
𝟐
1 1 1 1 1
f(x) 8 4 2 1 2 4 8 16 32

✓ The table of values shows that the bigger the value of x, the smaller
the value of f(x) and when x becomes smaller, the value of f(x)
becomes bigger (getting closer to zero but not less).
✓ The graph of the function gets closer to the x – axis or y = 0 but will
never touch it as the value of x increases. While the graph rapidly
rises to the left as the value of x decreases.
✓ The graph of the function extends infinitely along the x – axis.
✓ The value of f(x) will never be less than or equal to zero.
 an exponential function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 , where 0 < 𝑏 < 1
has the following properties:

domain: {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ} or (-, +) range: {𝑦|𝑦 > 0} or (0, +)

x – intercept/zeroes: none y – intercept: (0, 1)
horizontal asymptote: y = 0 vertical asymptote: none
the function is a one – to – one function

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 𝟏 𝒙
Example 2.2: 𝒇(𝒙) = ( )
𝟓
Table of values
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
1 1 1
f(x) 125 25 5 1
5 25 125

𝟐 𝒙
Example 2.3: 𝒇(𝒙) = ( )
𝟑
Table of values
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
27 9 3 2 4 8
f(x) 8 4 2
1
3 9 27

𝟑 𝒙
Example 2.4: 𝒇(𝒙) = ( )
𝟕

Table of values
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3
343 49 7 3 9 27
f(x) 27 9 3
1
7 49 343

Illustration 3. Exponential function of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑎(𝑏 𝑥 ) + 𝑐

Example 3.1: 𝒇(𝒙) = 𝟑𝒙 + 𝟐 Table of values

x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) 2.037 2.1 2.3 3 5 11 29 83 245

✓ The graph has coefficients: a = 1, b = 3, and c = 2

✓ The graph of the function approaches the line y = 2 and it is rising
infinitely to the right. Thus, y = c.
✓ The graph passes through the y – axis at (0, 3), thus, y – int: = a + c
✓ The graph of the function extends infinitely along the x – axis.

 the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = 3𝑥 + 2 has the following properties

domain: {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ} or (-, +) range: {𝑦|𝑦 > 2} or (2, +)

x – intercept/zeroes: none y – intercept: (0, 3)
horizontal asymptote: y = 2 vertical asymptote: none
the function is a one – to – one function

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Example 3.2: 𝒇(𝒙) = −𝟐(𝟐𝒙 ) − 𝟏 Table of values
x -3 -2 -1 0 1 2 3 4 5
f(x) -1.25 -1.5 -2 -3 -5 -9 -17 -33 -65

✓ The graph has coefficients: a = -2, b = 2, and c = -1

✓ The graph of the function approaches the line y = -1 and it is falling
infinitely to the right. Thus, y = c.
✓ The graph passes through the y – axis at (0, -3), thus, y – int: = a + c
✓ The graph of the function extends infinitely along the x – axis.

 the graph of the function 𝑓(𝑥) = −2(2𝑥 ) − 1 has the following

properties

domain: {𝑥|𝑥 ∈ ℝ} or (-, +) range: {𝑦|𝑦 < 2} or (-, -1)

x – intercept/zeroes: none y – intercept: (0, -3)
horizontal asymptote: y = -1 vertical asymptote: none
the function is a one – to – one function

1. Construct a table of values for each exponential function, sketch the graph, and determine its domain
and range.

A. 𝑓(𝑥) = 7𝑥
2 𝑥
B. ℎ(𝑥) = ( )
5

C. 𝑔(𝑥) = −3(2𝑥 ) + 5

Table of values
x -4 -2 0 2 4 6
(x)

2. Complete the table by finding the intercepts and asymptote of each function.

x- y-
Function HA
intercept intercept
𝑓(𝑥) = 6𝑥
𝑓(𝑥) = −(5𝑥 ) + 25
𝑓(𝑥) = 2(4𝑥 ) + 2

References:
• DepEd Region V. (2020) – General Mathematics ADM
• DepEd – Naga City Division (2021) – General Mathematics Learner’s Packet
• DepEd – Manila City Division (2021) – General Mathematics Learner’s Packet

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TASK I. Sketch the graph and identify the domain and range, x – and y – intercepts, and asymptotes of each function.

1. 𝑓(𝑥) = −(4)𝑥

domain:
range:
x – int:
y – int:
HA:

2. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 − 2

domain:
range:
x – int:
y – int:
HA:

3. 𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥−1

domain:
range:
x – int:
y – int:
HA:

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TASK II.
A. Using a Venn diagram, compare the graphs of exponential functions of the form 𝑓(𝑥) = 𝑏 𝑥 when 𝑏 > 1 and when
0 < 𝑏 < 1. Use the given properties to complete the diagram.

𝑏>1 0<𝑏<1

The base is defined as 𝑏 > 1.

The function attains only positive y-
values.
The graph is decreasing.
As x decreases without bound the function
approaches 0.
As x increases without bound the function
approaches 0.
The graph is increasing.
The base is defined as 0 < 𝑏 < 1.

B. Sketch the graph of each function on one Cartesian plane (label each graph) and describe the relationship of each
graph from one another.

𝑓(𝑥) = 2𝑥 𝑔(𝑥) = 2−𝑥 ℎ(𝑥) = −(2)𝑥 ℎ(𝑥) = −(2)−𝑥

Interpretation (in not more than five sentences)

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