Cell Types

Ms. Evelyn R. Montegrejo

PRAYER:
Dear Father in heaven, we
are here before Thee. Help us
to study well. Help us to be
obedient and honest. Help us
to love one another. Bless our
teacher, bless our school,
bless our country, and brings
us all to heaven, Amen.
OBJECTIVES: At the end of the lesson, the
learners should be able to:

1. Describe tissue.
2. Identify and describe different cell types of plant
and animal tissues.

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Levels of Organization

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Tissue
What is tissue?
A tissue, in biology, is defined as a group of cells that
possess a similar structure and perform a specific
function. The word tissue originates from French, which
means “to weave.”
What happens when cells group together to perform a
common function?
It result in tissue formation.
Since the cell is fundamental unit of any tissue, it
determines the type, nature, and function of the tissues,
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which ultimately affects the organs and organ system.
What are the different types of Animal Tissue?

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 Types of tissue
1. Epithelial Tissue
It is commonly seen outside of the
body coverings or as linings of organ
and cavities.
It consist of tightly packed cells that
form a continuous layer.
It provides protection and covers
surface and line body cavities. 2
 Kinds of Epithelial tissue
1.Simple squamous - it is a flat like cells (plate like
scale) for exchange of material through diffusion.
2.Simple Cuboidal - It appears square in side view
and function is for secretion.
3.Simple Columnar - rectangular side view and brick
shape cells. (secretion and active absorption).
 Kinds of Epithelial tissue
4. Stratified Squamous - It is a multi-layered and regenerates quickly;
for protection.
5. Stratified cuboidal is more than one layer of cells, cube-like in shape,
allowing protection of glands. Located around the mammary, saliva,
and sweat glands.
6.Stratified columnar is more than one layer of cells, tall and column-
like, allowing protection and secretion. These are rare in the human
body, located in the male urethra and associated with certain glands.
 Kinds of Epithelial tissue
6.Pseudostratified columnar is a single layer of cells, varying in height,
allowing secretion and movement of mucus. Located in the windpipe
and upper respiratory tract, sperm ducts, and glands.
7.Transitional is more than one layer of cells, resembling stratified
squamous and stratified cuboidal combined, allowing stretching and
distending to make room for urine containment. Located in the urinary
system, especially the bladder.
 Types of tissue
2. Connective Tissue
is the most abundant and widely
distributed tissue in complex.

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 3 Major Categories
1.Fibrous Connective Tissue - a certain fibroblasts and is separated
by a jelly like matrix containing collagen fibers and yellow elastic
fiber,
2.Supportive Connective Tissue - It provide structure, shape and
protection.
Cartilage - collagenous fiber embedded in chondroitin sulfate.
Chondrocytes are the cells that secrete collagen and chondroitin
sulfate that makes them softer and more flexible. (Function:
cushion between bones)
Bones (osteocytes) It is mineralized connective tissue made by bone
forming cells called OSTEOBLAST which deposited collagen.
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 3 Major Categories
3. Fluid Connective Tissue
It is the blood and lymphatic fluid.
Blood - made up of plasma. It contains water, salts and
dissolved proteins.
Red Blood Cells - carry oxygen
White Blood Cell - for defense and platelets for blood clothing.
 Types of tissue
3. Muscle Tissue
These tissue are composed of long cells called
muscular fiber.
This tissue account for the movement of body
parts.
1. Skeletal Muscle
2. Smooth Muscle
3. Cardiac Muscle 2
 Muscle Tissue
1. Skeletal Muscle - it is attach to the bone by tendons and
creates movement when contracts. It is a voluntary muscle
because it moves according to will.
2. Smooth Muscle - It is found in the walls of the intestine,
stomach, and any other internal organs, in the blood
vessels in the Iris of the eyes.
3. Cardiac Muscle
It is found in the heart.
It has both feature of skeletal muscle and smooth muscle.
They are responsible in pumping blood to different part of
the body.
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 Types of tissue
4. Nervous Tissue
It is made up of neurons , which are specialized
signaling the cells supporting cells called "neuroglia".
Neuron senses stimuli and transmit electrical signal
through animal body.
Neurons connect neurons to send signals.
Dendrites is a part of neurons that receives impulses
from other neurons while Axon is part where
impulse is transmitted to other neurons. 2
PLANT TISSUE
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 TWO TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES
Meristematic Tissue
The cells of meristematic tissue are fast growing rich
in cytoplasm well defined nucleus and mostly lack
vacuole. These cells divide very fast and keep
changing into other type of tissue.
 Types of Meristematic

1. Apical meristem - These are present in the

root and shoot tips. They help in increasing
the height and depth of the plant.
2. Lateral meristem - These cells are present in
the periphery and are responsible for
increasing the diameter (girth) of the plant
.This is also called cambium.
3. Intercalary meristem - These cells are present
at the base of leaves or internodes (on both
sides of nodes).They help in developing
branches.
 TWO TYPES OF PLANT TISSUES

Permanent tissues
These cells have lost their ability to distribute but
are specialized to offer elasticity, flexibility and
strength to the plant.
 Permanent tissues can be additionally
categorised into:
Simple Permanent tissues
They can be classified into sclerenchyma, collenchyma and
parenchyma based on their purpose.

Complex Permanent tissues

These tissues include phloem and xylem. Xylem is valuable for
the transportation of water and solvable constituents.
Simple Permanent tissues

Parenchyma – composed of living cells with a thin cell

wall; metabolically active
Collenchyma – composed of living cells with a thicker
cell wall than parenchyma
Sclerenchyma – composed of dead cells with a thick cell
wall (due to an additional cell wall layer referred to as
“secondary wall”); primarily for structural support
Complex Permanent tissues
Xylem
It helps in the transport of dissolved substances and water all
through the plant. The diverse components of the xylem include
vessels, tracheid's, xylem fibers and xylem parenchyma. Xylem
fibers and Tracheid are made up of lignin, which provides
structural support to the plant.
Phloem
This tissue helps in the transportation of food all through the
plant. The diverse elements of phloem include phloem fibres,
sieve tubes, phloem parenchyma and companion cells.
Thank you
for listening!