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Tutorial - Strengthening Mechanisms

This document provides 10 practice problems related to strengthening mechanisms in materials including calculating shear stresses, dislocation densities, misfit energies, critical precipitate spacing, and solid solubility limits. Specific calculations involve stress states, strain rates, atomic radii, shear modulus, misfit strain, yield strengths, grain sizes, and ratios of solute to solvent atomic radii. The document aims to strengthen understanding of topics like work hardening, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation hardening.

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Jaswant Singh Chauhan
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37 views2 pages

Tutorial - Strengthening Mechanisms

This document provides 10 practice problems related to strengthening mechanisms in materials including calculating shear stresses, dislocation densities, misfit energies, critical precipitate spacing, and solid solubility limits. Specific calculations involve stress states, strain rates, atomic radii, shear modulus, misfit strain, yield strengths, grain sizes, and ratios of solute to solvent atomic radii. The document aims to strengthen understanding of topics like work hardening, solid solution strengthening, and precipitation hardening.

Uploaded by

Jaswant Singh Chauhan
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
Available Formats
Download as PDF, TXT or read online on Scribd
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Tutorial sheet

MM 201: Strengthening mechanisms

1. A FCC crystal is subjected to a stress state, 𝜎𝜎𝑥𝑥 = 15 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝜎𝜎𝑦𝑦 = 0, 𝜎𝜎𝑧𝑧 = 7.5 𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘𝑘, 𝜏𝜏𝑦𝑦𝑦𝑦 = 𝜏𝜏𝑧𝑧𝑧𝑧 =
𝜏𝜏𝑥𝑥𝑥𝑥 = 0, where x, y and z are along [100], [010], and [001], respectively. What is the shear
stress on the (111) [101� ] slip system?
2. Aluminum deformed to a shear strain of 0.5 contains a dislocation density of 1010 cm-2.
(Atomic radius, r, and Shear modulus of Al, are given as 0.1431 nm, 26 GPa, respectively).
Find out the following: (i) the average distance each dislocation had to move? (ii) The average
dislocation velocity if the strain rate is 10-2 s-1?
3. Zinc is added to copper to make a series of brasses and the atomic of radii of Zn and Cu are
0.133 and 0.128 nm, respectively. Calculate the dilatational misfit ∆V for this alloy. Compute
the hydrostatic stress, 𝜎𝜎𝑝𝑝 for an edge and a screw dislocation in the system. Use 𝜎𝜎𝑝𝑝 and ∆V to
obtain the dilatational misfit energy for the alloy.
4. A metal with a shear modulus, G = 40 GPa, and atomic radius, r = 0.15 nm is added with a
solute atom which causes a misfit strain, ε = 0.14. Compute the elastic misfit energy per mole
of solute.
5. Estimate the amount of solute (atomic percent) necessary to put one solute atom at each site
along all the dislocations in iron. Assume that 1 mm3 of iron contains about 106 mm of
dislocation lines.
6. A steel specimen having a gage length of 0.1 m is deformed at a strain rate of 3 x 10-3 s-1. A
Lüders band forms at the cross section with an instantaneous strain of 0.2. What is the velocity
of propagation of the two Lüders fronts?
7. Al-Mg alloy is strengthened by precipitation hardening in which the Al2Mg precipitates are
embedded in the soft Al matrix. Calculate the critical spacing of precipitates at which
hardening mechanism changes from particle shear to particle bypass: Use the following data:
γAl2Mg= 1.4 J/m2; GAl = 26.1 GPa; rAl = 0.142 nm
8. An overaged, precipitation-hardenable alloy has a yield strength of 500 MPa. Estimate the
interparticle spacing in the alloy, given that G and b are 30 GPa and 0.25 nm, respectively.
9. The lower yield point for a certain plain carbon steel bar is found to be 135 MPa, while a
second bar of the same composition yields at 260 MPa. Metallographic analysis shows that the
average grain diameter is 50mm in the first bar and 8mm in the second bar.
a. Predict the grain diameter needed to cause a lower yield point of 205 MPa.
b. If the steel could be fabricated to form a stable grain structure of 500 nm grains, what
strength would be predicted?
c. Why might you expect the upper yield point to be more alike in the first two bars than the
lower yield point?
10. One of the Hume-Rothery rules for solid solutions is that the solubility of solute B in solvent
A becomes negligible when the atomic radii of A and B differ by more than 15 %. Plot the
maximum solubility (atomic percent) of Ni, Pt, Au, Al, Ag, and Pb as a function of the ratio of
the solute and solvent (Cu) radii and verify the solid solubility in Cu drops precipitously at a
size of about 1.15. Use the following data: Copper solvent has an atomic radius, rCu = 0.1278
nm. while the atomic radii, the solubility in Cu, and the ratio of atomic radii with respect to Cu
of various solutes is given in the table below
Solute Atomic radius of rsolute/rCu Solubility in Cu
(at.%)
Solute atom, nm

Ni 0.1246 100
Pd 0.1367 100
Pt 0.1380 100
Au 0.1431 100
Al 0.1431 19
Ag 0.1444 6
Pb 0.1750 0

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