See discussions, stats, and author profiles for this publication at: https://www.researchgate.

net/publication/312484472

Design and realization of a triple biquad microstrip antenna with flat reflector
for access point on site WLAN 2,4 Ghz

Conference Paper · September 2016

DOI: 10.1109/APWiMob.2016.7811436

CITATIONS READS

3 342

3 authors, including:

Tengku Ahmad Riza Yuyu Wahyu

Telkom University P2ET-LIPI
14 PUBLICATIONS 17 CITATIONS 96 PUBLICATIONS 206 CITATIONS

SEE PROFILE SEE PROFILE

Some of the authors of this publication are also working on these related projects:

Frekuensi View project

All content following this page was uploaded by Tengku Ahmad Riza on 14 October 2020.

The user has requested enhancement of the downloaded file.

 The 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob)

Design and Realization of A Triple Biquad Microstrip

Antenna with Flat Reflector for Access Point on Site
WLAN 2,4 Ghz

Muhammad Hasbi Aziz1, Tengku Ahmad Riza2 Yuyu Wahyu

1
School of Electrical Engineering LIPI PPET, Bandung
Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia [email protected]
2
Telkom Applied Science School
Telkom University, Bandung, Indonesia
[email protected], [email protected]

Abstract—In long-distance wireless communication require a was designed to work with a bandwidth of 100 MHz at a
high gain antenna as important component. Antenna in this frequency of 3300-3400 MHz with a VSWR limit ≤ 1.5 . The
paper is into form microstrip antenna with addition of flat radiation pattern of this antenna is omnidirectional with linear
reflector. The radiation pattern is Unidirectional so that the polarization . Big gain of this antenna is ≥ 16dBi [9].
power emitted focused in one direction. Triple biquad antenna
with a flat reflector that has been made in accordance with the Another research is Design and Realization of the Triple
simulation modeling. VSWR is gained that is 1,104 at a 2,4 GHz biquad dualband antenna at a frequency of 2.3 to 2.4 GHz and
frequency. This antenna has unidirectional radiation pattern and 3.3 to 3.4 GHz for Fixed WiMAX applications and Wi - fi ,
elliptical polarization. The maximum gain that can be achieved Cokorda Gde Krishna Dhita Et.al. This research makes
is 10.42 dBi. The influence of the reflector antenna gain of 3.95 antenna works on two frequencies , namely the 2300-2400
dBi. Mhz and 3300-3400 Mhz [10].
Keywords— Triple biquad, Flat Reflector, VSWR, II. DESIGN AND IMPLEMENTATION
Unidirectional, Gain

I. INTRODUCTION A. Biquad Antenna[3]

Today, the use of technology is a requirement for
everyone's need for technology . The respond to those
challenges is the use of wireless technology ,one of them is Wi
- Fi (Wireless Fidelity) . So with the presence of Wi - Fi
technology , the problem can be solved in broadband access ,
with flexible access and transfer speeds are better than
previous wireless access technology.
This research aims to design and realize the Triple biquad
antenna models with the addition of flat reflectors
corresponding simulation results . Additionally, it can
determine the effect of the reflector antenna parameters.
Figure 1. Antena Circular Loop dan Square Loop[6]
The author uses several methods of research are, First , a
literature study with the deepening of related materials Based on the Figure above , the value of d can be
through the books and references from various sources . formulated as follows :
Second , the design of the antenna models using the formula
provided . After the processes of design, simulation and = (1)
optimization in order to meet the specifications . The next For the electric field of the antenna quad parts only Eφ ,
stage of realization of appropriate simulation has been and the equation is :
optimized and then measuring antenna actual results tailored
to objectives to be achieved in this research. Eϕ = -Eϕ0 e jΨ/2 + Eϕ0 e -jΨ/2 (2)
Some researchers conduct research on triple biquad Where Eϕ0 is the electrical part of the single dipole and
antenna , among others, design , simulation and realization Ψ = 2πd/λ sinθ = dr sin θ (3)
biquad triple antenna for WiMAX applications in the 3.3 to
3.4 GHz frequency , Ridla Laetutia Halim Et.al. This research so that,

978-1-5090-2767-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 18

 The 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob)

Eϕ = -2 j Eϕ0 sin (4)

[ ]
J factor in equation ( 4 ) indicates that the total part Eφ is ( )=2
the fourth level with Eφ0 part of a single dipole.
[ ]
If d << λ, then: ( )=2 sin (12)
Eϕ = -j Eϕ0 dr sinθ (5)
And the value obtained Et ( φ ) for a biquad with a known
For single dipole: [ ]
value of ( ) = and θ = π / 2 - φ is
[ ]
Eϕ0 = (6) [ ]
( )=2
Where [I] is the slow flow of the dipole and r is the
distance to the dipole . Substitution of equation (5) and (6) is
obtained : [ ]
( )=2 cos (13)
[ ]
Eϕ = (7)
Based on the equation Et ( θ ) and Et (ϕ) is known, then the
In short dipole length L is equal to d , so that L = d and dr radiation pattern can be plotted for each value Ut where large
= 2πd / λ . = Ut = equation following formula
In area A of the loop is d2 , so that equation : ( )= ( )= 2
[ ]
sin (14)
[ ]
Eϕ = (8) ( )= ( )= 2
[ ]
cos (15).
Another component of the loop is Hθ . The equation:
[ ]
Hθ = = (9) B. Antena Triple Biquad[3]

Value Eφ on biquad antenna derived from the concept of

antenna arrays having the same amplitude and phase.

Figure 3. Triple Biquad Antenna

Based on the equation biquad antenna, it can be also

derived equations biquad triple antenna array with three
concepts of biquad antenna . Thus obtained a combined field
Figure 2. Structure of Antenna [7] for triple biquad antenna , is :
Et = 2 E0 [ cos 1] (16)
0 as a reference point (considered phase = 0) , then E1 will By inserting equation (12) and (13) as E(0) in the above
be left behind by = cos and precedes E2 equation , it can be obtained great value Et ( θ ) and Et ( φ ) in
the triple biquad antenna . With θ = π / 2 - φ are obtained , Et (
as big as φ/2= 2π/λ d/2 cos ϕ. So that combined field: θ)=4 [ ]
sin cos sin

= =2 =2 (10)
and,
[]
Et (ϕ) = 4 cos ϕ cos cos ϕ (17)
Where, = dan =
Thus , the radiation pattern can be plotted with the following
Thus , the value Et for biquad antenna is :
equation :
[ ]
Ut (θ) = Et2 (θ) = 4 sin
=2 (11)
cos sin (18)
[ ]
With the known value ( )= and = Ut (ϕ) = Et2 (ϕ) = 4
[]
cos ϕ cos cos ϕ (19)
, in order to obtain great value Et ( θ ) for biquad
antenna is :

978-1-5090-2767-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 19

 The 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob)

C. Antenna Design Dimensions

Determination of Triple biquad antenna dimensions

determined by the length of the antenna side biquad itself of λ
/ 4 , where λ is obtained using the formula:
λ= (19)
c is the speed of propagation in air and fc is the center
frequency of the wave , the wavelength:
λ(2,4) = =125 mm Figure 4 Antenna Manufacturing Results
,
So long side for Triple biquad antenna with a working
III. RESULT AND DISCUSSION
frequency 2.4 GHz is:
λ 125 In this section , discusses the results of the measurement
= = 31.25 antenna. Measurements here aims to determine the
4 4
characteristics of the antenna . The measurement results will
be compared with the results of the simulation and analyzed
The width of the patch = diagonal λ/4 the differences.
A. Results and Analysis Measurement VSWR and Bandwidth
= 31,25√2 VSWR measurements for determine the antenna
= 44,19 mm performance. The results of the VSWR is different for each
= 4,419 cm frequency so as to analyze the VSWR by looking at the graph
The width of the substrate = 6h + The width of the at the desired frequency range . Bandwidth is the width of the
patch working frequency of certain VSWR values corresponding
= 6x1,6+44,19 predetermined parameter.
= 53,79 mm
= 5,379 cm
Long Patch = 6x31,25√2
= 6x44,19
= 265,165 mm
= 26,5165 cm
Long substrat = 6h+Long Patch
= 6x1,6+265,165
= 274,765 mm
= 27,4765 cm

D. Antenna Simulation and Realization Result

Table 1 Antenna Simulation Comparison Result
Without Antena with
Parameter Antenna Reflektor
Reflector
9,26 dBi Figure 5a. Graph VSWR
Gain 5,46 dBi

Bandwidth 79 MHz 120 MHz

Radiation Unidirektional
Bidirektional
pattern
impedance 54,04 – j16,1 Ω 66,3 – j1,56 Ω

Polarization Eliptic Eliptic

Figure 5b. Bandwidth Measurement Results

978-1-5090-2767-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 20

 The 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob)

Table 4. Gain Measurement Results

Table 2 Comparison VSWR and Bandwidth Antenna Sampel Antena Without Antena With
Simulation and Measurement Reflektor Reflektor
Measurement Simulation
AUT ARef AUT ARef
Antena Antena Antena Antena
Parameter
without with without With 1 -30,36 -24,82 -31,36 -29,82
Reflektor Reflektor Reflektor Reflektor
VSWR 1,204 1,104 1.37 1,328 2 -31,83 -23,87 -31,83 -29,87
Bandwidth 230 MHz 250 MHz 79 MHz 120 MHz 3 -30,6 -24,76 -30,6 -28,76
4 -29,7 -25,62 -31,7 -29,62
From the simulation results and measurement bandwidth
widening occurs when an antenna is added to the flat reflector 5 -31,69 -24,77 -32,69 -30,77
. In addition there is a difference between measurements and
simulations due to interference and lack of accuracy in the 6 -30,1 -24,94 -30,1 -29,94
measurement.
7 -30,29 -25,81 -32,29 -28,81
B. Impedance Measurement Results and Analysis
8 -31,02 -23,81 -30,02 -29,81
9 -30,20 -24,92 -31,2 -30,23
10 -29,98 -24,88 -30,98 -28,56
Average -30,12 -24,59 -31,12 -29,54
Gain 6,47 dBi 10,42 dBi

Table 5 Comparison Gain Antenna Simulation and

Measurement
Simulation Gain Measurement Gain
Antena Antena With Antena Antena With
Figure 6. Graph Impedance Measurement Results
Withaout Reflektor Without Reflektor
Reflektor Reflektor
Table 3 Comparison of Simulation and Measurement Antenna 5,46 dBi 9,26 dBi 6,47dBi 10,42 dBi
Impedance
frequency Simulation Measurement From the above table it can be seen that the gain of the
(GHz) Antena Antena Antena Antena antenna reflector is greater than the antenna without a reflector
Withaout with Without With . This is because the reflector antenna with a wave of radiation
Reflektor Reflektor Reflektor Reflektor that should radiate to behind the antenna is reflected back
2,4 54,04 – j 66,3 – j 57,335 – 53,234 - forward , so that the strengthening of the antenna reflector is
16,1 Ω 1,56 Ω j2,874 Ω j3,384 Ω greater than without the reflector antenna.
From measurement result known that occurred differences
Do not match condition between the antenna and the in measurement results and simulation results. The
transmission line can affect the reflection coefficient and measurement results have a greater gain than the simulation
VSWR , where the no match between the antenna and the results . These changes affected the gain measurement
transmission line , the value of the reflection coefficient will conditions were not ideal , Antenna gain measured gets power
be even greater , causing the greater the VSWR value that increase from reflected object around . In contrast to the
makes the maximum power transfer can not be achieved. simulation that assumes ideal conditions when measuring the
Rated impedance simulation and measurement results in table received power level so pure from the source.
4.4 above is closer to 50 Ω , so the antenna is realized still be
used on a working frequency according to specifications. D. Results and Analysis of Radiation Pattern Measurement
The results of measurements of the antenna radiation
C. Gain Measurement Results and Analysis
pattern in the azimut angle and elevasi compared with the
Data is collected as much as ten times . When collecting simulation , each shown in the following figure:
data , the level of reception power fluctuation that averages
out so that the data is accurate.

978-1-5090-2767-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 21

 The 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob)

Without reflektor
Maximum received power ( major)= -51,89 dBm = -81,89
0 dBW = 6,47 x 10-8
350 102025 0
340
33520 350
340
20 102025 Minimum received power ( minor )= -45,97 dBm = -75,97
330 10
320 30
40 335
330 30
310 0 50 320 0 40 dBW = 2,5 x 10-9
300 60 310 50
290 -10 70 300 -20 60
280 -20 80 290 70
270 90 280 -40 80
260 100 270 90
250 110 260
250
100
110 Electric field strength Ratio=
240 120 240 120
230
220 130
140 230 130
210
200
190 170 150
160 220
210 140
150 , ×
200
190 170 160 = = 5,09 numerik = 7,07 dB
180 180 , ×
Because the value of axial ratio obtained between 1 - ∞ then
obtained is a linear polarization.
With reflektor
Figure 7 (a) Azimuth (b) Elevation
Maximum received power ( major) = -50,14 dBm = -80,14
dBW = 9 x 10-8
By looking at the results of the antenna radiation pattern
Minimum received power ( minor ) = -44,22 dBm = -74,22
measurement results in Figure 7 red graph , the antenna
dBW = 3,7 x 10-9
without a reflector have a Bidirectional radiation pattern .
Bidirectional said to be shaped as it has mainlobe in both
directions. But seen in Figure 7 chart in blue , with the Electric field strength Ratio =
addition of an antenna reflector has a unidirectional radiation
pattern . Unidirieksional said to be shaped as it has mainlobe
in one direction . Addition of a reflector on the antenna affects ×
= = 4,93numerik = 6,93 dB
the radiation pattern. , ×
Because the value of axial ratio obtained between 1 - ∞ then
obtained is a linear polarization.
E. Polarization Measurement Results and Analysis
Polarization measurements aim to determine the pattern of
F. Measurement Antenna on a Wireless Network
vibration direction of an antenna waves that propagate through
the propagation field . Configuration and measurement for the Measurements in this case aims to determine whether the
same polarization as in the measurement of the radiation antenna has been made to work well on wireless networks .
pattern , only the spins different techniques with the radiation Because in making this antenna is applied at the access point ,
pattern . At the time of the measurement antenna is rotated the access mode used is infrastructure. In the measurement
every 100 to 3600 with the antenna as a center axis of rotation. software used wireless monitor to view power levels . Biquad
triple microstrip antenna mounted on the access point within
0 15 meters of wireless monitor.
350
20 10 20
335340 25 Step - step test is as follows :
330 15 30
320 40 1. Measurements were taken at a distance of 15 meters . The
310 10 50
300 60 distance is obtained from a maximum distance measurement.
5
290 70 2. Record the antenna received power level default access
0
280 80 point.
-5
270 90 3. Change the default antenna or a reference to the biquad
260 100 triple microstrip antenna with flat reflector and do the same
250 110 things as in point 2.
240 120
230 130
220
210200
140
150 Table 6 Antenna Measurement Results On Wireless Network
190 170160 Reference Anttena Antena AUT
180 Sampel
(dBm) (dBm)
Figure 8. Polarization on the frequency 2,4 GHz 1. -57 -44
2. -55 -42
In figure 8 it can be seen that the resulting polarization is 3. -56 -47
linear because power in every corner of the measurements are 4. -54 -45
not entirely the same . As well as measuring the radiation 5. -52 -46
pattern of the current state of polarization arguably not ideal 6. -57 -45
so many reflections that occur. 7. -55 -45
In Figure 8 it can be seen that the maximum received power at 8. -53 -44
00 and the minimum received power at 900. The polarization 9. -56 -46
calculation is as follows:

978-1-5090-2767-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE 22

 The 2016 IEEE Asia Pacific Conference on Wireless and Mobile (APWiMob)

10. -55 -45 [2] Balanis, Constantine A. 2005. Antenna Theory Analysis And
Design Third Edition. JWS. New Jersey.
Rata-rata -55 -44 [3] Cokorda Gde Kresna Dhita, “Design and Realization of the Triple
. biquad dualband antenna at a frequency of 2.3 to 2.4 GHz and 3.3 to 3.4 GHz
for Fixed WiMAX applications and Wi – fi”, Tugas Akhir, 2013
IV. CONCLUSION [4] Dirjen Postel. 2010. Persyaratan Teknis Alat dan Perangkat
Telekomunikasi Base Station Broadband Wireless Access (BWA)
From the results of the design and realization of triple nomadic pada pita frekuensi 2,3 GHz.
biquad antenna with flat reflector that has been created , it can [5] Charter, Denny. 2007.Konsep Dasar Wireless LAN”. Jakarta.
be concluded that the use of several reflectors on antennas Komunitas elearning. Ilmukomputer.com.
affects the antenna characteristics , especially on the gain and [6] Kraus, John D. 1988. Antennas 2nd Edition. Mc-Growt-hill
radiation patterns . Furthermore VSWR obtained worth 1,104 , International. New York.
[7] P.S, Yussi. 2012. Perancangan dan Realisasi Antena Wifi Segala
impedance of 53.234 Ω - j3,384 , and the maximum gain of Arah pada Frekuensi 2,4 GHz. IT Telkom.
10.42 dBi obtained . Shaped radiation pattern unidirectional [8] Pujihaningsih, Nia W.Rralisasi Antena Mikrostrip Biquad Dengan
and elliptical polarization. Reflektor Datar Untuk Access Point Pada Site W-LAN 2,4 GHz
[9] Halim, Ridla Laetutia, “Perancangan, simulasi dan realisasi antena
References triple biquad untuk aplikasi WiMAX pada frekuensi 3,3-3,4 GHz”, Tugas
Akhir 2010.

[1] Alaydrus, Mudrid DR-Ing. 2011. Antena dan Propagasi. Jakarta.

Mercu Buana.

978-1-5090-2767-5/16/$31.00 ©2016 IEEE

View publication stats
23