9

Mathematics
Quarter 4 - Week 2 - Module 2:
The Trigonometric Ratios of
Special Angles

Mathematics 5

Mathematics 9

AIRs - LM
Mathematics 9
Quarter 4-Week 2- Module 2: The Trigonometric Ratios of Special Angles
First Edition, 2021

COPYRIGHT 2021
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form
without written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Writer: Cleofe M. Lacbao

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team
Layout Artist: Ernesto F. Ramos Jr., P II

Management Team:

Atty. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent

Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, PhD

Assistant Schools Division Superintendent

German E. Flora, PhD, CID Chief

Virgilio C. Boado, PhD, EPS in Charge of LRMS

Erlinda M. Dela Peña, EdD, EPS in Charge of Mathematics

Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II

Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II

 Target
Trigonometry is discovered through the special right triangles and the
Pythagorean Theorem. Sine, cosine, tangent, secant, cosecant, and cotangent
are all functions of angles and the result is the ratio of the sides of a right
triangle. Only our special right triangles generate sine, cosine, tangent values
that can be found without using scientific calculator. This module aims to
demonstrate your understanding of finding the trigonometric ratios of special
angles, the 45-45-90 and 30-60-90 right triangles.

After going through this module, you are expected to:

Finds the trigonometric ratios of special angles. (M9GE-IVB-C1)

Subtask:
• Determine trigonometric ratios involving special angles
• Compute the numerical values of trigonometric expressions involving
special angles.

Before you start doing the activities in this lesson, find out how much you
already know about this module. Answer the pretest on the next page in a
separate sheet of paper. Write the letter that corresponds to the best
answer.
Pre-Assessment Test

Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Please answer all items. Take
note of the items that you were not able to answer correctly and find the right answer
as you go through this module.

1. Given the c as the hypotenuse, a and b as legs of a right triangle. which of

the following is correct?
A. a = √𝑐 2 + 𝑏 2 B. a2 = c2 + b2
C. c2 = a2 - b2 D. c2 = a2 + b2

2. What is the other name of a 45-45-90 right triangle?

A. isosceles right triangle B. scalene right triangle
C. obtuse right triangle D. equiangular triangle

3. Which of the following is true in a 45-45-90 right triangle?

A. legs are congruent B. hypotenuse is equal to a leg times √2
C. a only D. both a & b

4. In a 45-45-90 triangle, the length of each of the congruent sides is 4√3

cm. How long is its hypotnuse?
A. 4√3 cm B. 8√3 cm
C. 4√5 cm D. 4√6 cm
5. In a 30-60-90 right triangle, what is the relation between the shorter leg
(a) and the hypotenuse (c)?
A. c= ½ a B. c = 2a
C. c = a√3 D. c = 𝑎√2

6. In a 30-60-90 right triangle, what is the relation between the longer leg (b)
and the shorter leg (a)?
A. b = ½ a B. b = a√3
C. b = 𝑎√2 D. b = 2a

7. In a 30-60-90 right triangle, what is the value of the shorter leg (a) in
terms of the hypotenuse (c)?.
A. a = ½ c B. a = c√3
𝑐 √2
C. a = D. a = 𝑐√2
2

8. With respect to the given right triangle, what is the ratio of the opposite side
to the hypotenuse?
A. cosecant B. cosine
C. sine D. tangent

9. It is described as the ratio of the opposite side to the adjacent side of a right
triangle?
A. cosecant B. cosine
C. sine D. tangent
10. What is the correct trigonometric ratio to be used in solving x in figure 1?
A. cosecant B. cosine
y
C. sine D. tangent x θ
11. Which of the following ratios describe a tangent? Figure 1
adjacent side opposite side
A. B.
opposite side adjacent side
opposite side adjacent side
C. D.
hypotenuse hypotenuse

12. In figure 1, suppose θ = 60, what is the value of y if x = 6 inches?

A. 3 inches B. 6√2 inches
C. 6√3 inches D. 12 inches

13. Solve for x in the figure 2. 18 x

A. 6√3 B. 9√3
60o
C. 12√3 D. 18√3 Figure 2

14. In figure 3, y = 10, which ratio is used to solve x? y

𝑥 𝑥 x 60o
A. cos 60o = B. tan 60o =
𝑦 𝑦
𝑥 𝑦
C. sin 60o = D. csc 60o = Figure 3
𝑦 𝑥
15. The length of the shorter leg of a 30-60-90 triangle is 15 cm, find the
length of the longer leg.
A. 30 cm B. 5√3 cm
C. √2 cm D. 15√3 cm

How was your performance in the pre-assessment? Were you able to answer all
the questions? Did you find difficulties in answering them? Are there questions
familiar to you? Keep yourself on track as we learned new concepts in this module.
 Module The Trigonometric Ratios of Special
Angles
2

In this lesson you will use the concepts you have learned in the previous lessons
to evaluate the trigonometric ratios of special angles. There are two triangles, the
isosceles and equilateral triangles that are frequently used in mathematics to
generate exact values for the trigonometric ratios. Let us consider the succeeding
activities to develop mastery of the topic.

Jumpstart
Activity 1: Let’s Get Familiar
Directions:

1) a) Draw a right triangle that has one angle measuring 30°. Label the
sides using lengths √3, 2, and 1.
b) Identify the adjacent and opposite sides relative to the 30° angle.
c) Redraw the triangle and identify the adjacent and opposite sides
relative to the 60° angle.
2) a) Draw a right triangle that has one angle measuring 45°. Label the
sides using the lengths 1, 1, and 2.
b) Identify the adjacent and opposite sides relative to one of the
45° angles.

Activity 2: Compare Us
Directions: Do the following activities and answer the questions that follow.
Use a protractor to find the measures of the angles of each
triangle.
C I
F
√𝟐 𝟒 𝟑√𝟐
√𝟐 𝟐 𝟑
B 𝟒𝟓 𝟑𝟎
A E 𝟐√𝟑 D H 𝟑 G
𝟐
1. ∠A = ___________ 3. ∠E = ___________ 5. ∠G = ___________
2. ∠C = ___________ 4. ∠F = ___________ 6. ∠I = ___________
Questions

a. What have you noticed about the lengths of sides of each

triangle?
b. What have you observed about the measures of the angles
of each triangle?
c. What do you call these triangles?
d. What the mathematical concepts that you have learned from
the activity?

In this activity, you have learned about some special angles. To evaluate the
trigonometric ratios of these special acute angles, we can use geometric methods.
These special acute angles are 30, 45, and 60.

Discover
In trigonometry, 30°, 45°, 60° and 90° are called as special angles and they
always lie in the first quadrant. These special angles 30°, 45° and 60° are
frequently seen in applications and we can use geometry to determine the
trigonometric ratios of these angles. Let us see, how to determine
trigonometric ratios of these special angles using geometry.

45-45-90 Right Triangle Theorem

In a 45-45-90 Right Triangle,

▪ the legs are congruent;

▪ the length of the hypotenuse is √2 times the length of the leg
▪ hypotenuse = √2 leg

The ratio of the sides is

45o
n : n: 𝑛√2

𝒏√𝟐
n

90o 45o
n
An Isosceles Right Triangle
Example 1. Find the length of the indicated side.

Using the ratio

o
45
n: n : n√2
𝒙√𝟐
𝟔 6 : 6 : 6 √2, then x=6

45o 𝟔√𝟐 is the hypotenuse

𝟔
Now let us apply the six trigonometric ratios for the 45 angle.
6 1 √2 √2 6√2
sin 45 = = ∙ = sec 45 = = √2
6√ 2 √2 √2 2 6
6 1 √2 √2 6√2
cos 45 = = ∙ = csc 45 = = √2
6√ 2 √2 √2 2 6
6 6
tan 45 = 6
=1 cot 45 =6=1

30-60-90 Right Triangle Theorem

In a 30-60-90 Right Triangle,

▪ the length of the hypotenuse is twice the length of the shorter leg
▪ the length of the longer leg is √3 times the length of the shorter leg
▪ hypotenuse = 2 shorter leg
▪ longer leg = √3 shorter leg

The ratio of the sides is

n: 2n: n√3
30o

2x
𝒙√𝟑

60o 90o
x
Example 2. Find the length of the indicated side.

Using the ratio n : 2n: n √3

60o n = shorter leg = 7
y
7 2n = hypotenuse = 2 (7)
30o y = 14
n √𝟑 = longer leg = 7√3
𝟕√𝟑
Now let us apply the six trigonometric ratios for the 30 angle.
7 1 14 2√3
sin 30 = 14= sec 30 = =
2 7√ 3 3
7√ 3 √3 14
cos 30 = = csc 30 = =2
14 2 7
7 √3 7√ 3
tan 30 = = cot 30 = = √3
7√ 3 3 7

Let us also solve for the 60 angle.

7√ 3 √3 14
sin 60 = 14 = sec 60 = =2
2 7
7 1 14 2√3
cos 60 = = csc 60 = =
14 2 7√ 3 3
7√ 3 7 √3
tan 60 = = √3 cot 60 = =
7 7√ 3 3

Now we are ready to evaluate the exact values of the following expressions
base from the values that we have derived;

Example 3. sec 60 + cot 45

Since sec 60 = 2 ; cot 45 = 1
Then: sec 60 + cot 45 = 2 + 1 = 3
Example 4. sin 45 (tan 45- cos 60).
√2 1
Since sin 45 = ; tan 45= 1 and cos 60=
2 2
√2 1 √2 1 √2
Then: sin 45 (tan 45- cos 60)= ( 1- ) = ( ) =
2 2 2 2 4
Example 5. Determine the value of angle x when tan x = 1.
Referring to the trigonometric ratios above, tan 45 =1. Therefore, x = 45

Explore

After deepening your understanding on the trigonometric ratios of special

angles, let us put those skills in higher level through the different activities.

Activity 3: Complete the table

Using the concepts you have learned on special angles, complete the table to
summarize the trigonometric values of 30,45 and 60 angles.
  sin cos tan csc sec cot

30

45

60

Deepen

Activity 4: My Missing Part

1 1 3√3
0 − 1 2 √3 tan 30 sin 60
2 2 2

Find the missing value that will complete each mathematical statement
below.
1. tan 600 (______________) = 1 5. cos 30 + ____________________________ = √3
2. (sin 45) = ____________
2
6. tan 450 = ___________________________
3. 3 csc 600 − cot 30° = ____ 7. 2 sin 300 + 3 cos 60° − 3 tan 45 = _____
4. sin 30 − cos 60 = _______ 8. cot 300 + sin 60° = _______________________
 Gauge

Post Assessment:
Directions: Choose the letter of the correct answer. Write your answer on a separate
sheet of paper.
1. In a 30-60-90 right triangle, suppose the hypotenuse is 10√3, how
long is the longer leg (b)?
A. 15 B. 5√3
C. 5√2 inches D. 25

2. In a 45-45-90 right triangle, suppose the hypotenuse is 10, how

long are the legs (b)?
A. 5 inches B. 5√3 inches
C. 5√2 inches D. 20 inches

3. In a 300 – 600 – 900, which side is the shortest?

A. the hypotenuse
B. the side opposite the 600 angle
C. the side opposite the 300 angle
D. the included side of the acute angles

4. In a 45°-45°-90° special right triangle what is the relation of the

hypotenuse (c) to its shorter side (a)?
A. c = 2a B. c = a√2
C. c = 2√𝑎 D. 2√3

5. In a 30°-60°-90° special right triangle what is the relation of the

hypotenuse (c) to its shortest side (a)?
A. c = 2a B. c = 2√𝑎
C. c = a√2 D. c = 2√3

For numbers 6 to 8, give the exact value of the trigonometric ratios of the
special angles.
6. sin 60ᵒ
1 √2
A. B.
2 2
√3 √3
C. D.
2 3

7. cos 45ᵒ
 1 √2
A. B.
2 2
√3 √3
C. D.
2 3

8. tan 30ᵒ
1 √2
A. B.
2 2
√3 √3
C. D.
2 3

9. What if the value of x in figure 1?

A. 6√3 B. 6√2
6
C. 6 D. 3

10. What is the value of 2(sin30°) – tan 45°? Figure 1

A. 2 B. 1
C. 0 D. -1
14 y
11. What is the exact value of cos 300 + sin 600? 7√3
A. 0 B. 1 60 45
 x 
C. √2 D. √3
Figure 2
12. What is the estimated value for y in figure 2?
A. 7 B. 9
C. 7√5 D. 7√6

13. Suppose figure 3 is a 30-60-90 rt triangle, if z = 6√3 what is y?

A. 3√3 B. 4√3
C. 6 D. 9

14. In figure 3, when x = 6 , z = 12 and y = 6√3. What type triangle is

illustrated?
A. 30-60-90 B. 45-45-90
C. 60-60-60 D. none of these

15. What must be the measure of y in figure 3 when x = 6 and z = 12?

A. 6 √2 B. 12√2
C. 6 √2 D. 12 √2 x
θ
y Figure 3
Pre-Assessment
1. D 4. D 7. A 10. B 13. C
2. A 5. B 8. C 11. B 14. A
3. D 6. B 9. D 12. D 15. D
Activity 1 Let’s Get Familiar
Activity 2: Compare Us
1. 45 3. 90 5. 45
2. 90 4. 60 6. 45
Activity 3: Complete the table
 sin cos tan csc sec cot
30 1 √3 √3 2 √3 √3
2
2 3
2 3
45 √2 √2 1 √2 √2 1
2 2
60 √3 1 √3 √3 2 √3
2
2 3
2 3
Activity 4: My Missing Part
1. tan 30 5. Sin 60
1
2. 6.1
2
1
3. √3 7. −
2
√3
4. 0 8. 3
3
Gauge
1. A 4. B 7. C 10. C 13. D
2. C 5. A 8. B 11. D 14. A
3. C 6. C 9. D 12. D 15. C
Key Answer
References

Printed Materials:

Bryant, Merden L., Leonides E Bulalayao, Melvin M. Callanta, Jerry D Cruz

Richard F. De Vera, Gilda T. Garcia, Sonia E Javier, Roselle A.
Lazaro, Bernadeth J. Mesterio Rommel Hero A Saladino,
Mathematics Grade 9 Learner’s Module First Edition 2014, Reprinted
2016, Sunshine Interlinks Publishing House, Inc. pages 447-455.

Rivera, Gemma E., Albert Flores, Advanced Algebra & Trigonometry, BEC
2004, Philippine Copyright 2006 by Victorious Publishing Inc. pages
319-356.

Links:

https://www.ck12.org/book/ck-12-trigonometry-second-edition/section/1.0/

https://www.google.com/search?q=30+60+90+triangle+example+problems&tbm=is
ch&ved=2ahUKEwjM35OyuJDuAhWXzYsBHWALA4cQ2-
cCegQIABAA&oq=30+90+triangle+example+problems&gs_lcp=CgNpbWcQARgA

https://www.onlinemathlearning.com/30-60-90-right-triangle.html