PROJECT EVALUATION ON THE CONSTRUCTION OF MULTI-

PURPOSE BUILDING IN BARANGAY SINGCANG-AIRPORT,

BACOLOD CITY, NEGROS OCCIDENTAL

A Civil Engineering Project Study Presented to the Faculty of

the College of Engineering
University of Negros Occidental-Recoletos

In Partial Fulfilment
of the Requirements for the Degree
Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering

Razel Joy D. Antonio

Shakera Mae T. Bulak
Anna Jean L. Cadiente
Jessa E. Dela Cruz

May 2023

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

1.1 BACKGROUND OF THE STUDY

Construction is critical to the global economy and plays a significant role in the
country's economic growth. The success of construction projects is a critical issue for most
governments, users, and communities (Alzahrani and Emsley, 2013). The method of
construction project delivery chosen is an important decision that has a significant impact on
project performance and construction quality (Khalil et. al., 2015). In developed countries,
the level of projectification in the public sector ranges from 14% to 33% (Schoper et al.
2018). The availability of resources such as materials, labour, and machinery throughout the
project is critical to ensuring that construction activities are carried out in accordance with
the approved work schedule. Hence, the success of projects is one of the main issues for
governments and societies (Alzahrani and Emsley, 2013). A large-scale project, in particular,
has a higher risk of problems that significantly delay the project and cost money.
Construction management is considered a time-controlling factor of all available resources,
including money, manpower, facilities, and equipment (Max Fajardo, 2000).

The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) is a government sector in

the Philippines that is responsible for the planning, design, construction, and maintenance of
infrastructure facilities, particularly national highways, flood control and water resource
development systems, and other public works in accordance with national objectives. A
multi-purpose hall is a hub of activity in the Philippines, with facilities for indoor events,
meetings, conferences, performances, and other activities. The multi-purpose hall would be a
much-needed addition to the community. With the landscape of Singcang Airport and its
growing population, the barangay needs to build a venue that will serve as a gathering place.
There is currently no space within the barangay for residents to gather for assemblies,
celebrations, training, and other activities. The project of a multi-purpose hall will
undoubtedly be a venue used by barangay stakeholders for social functions and gatherings

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such as assemblies, workshops, meetings, and many others. The community requires a leader
to assist its people with their needs, and the report will be housed in the building's
infrastructure. The government will work with the building implementation team to build an
establishment for the local government units (LGUs). Engineers will forecast the
construction project's planning, design, cost, and quality. Barangay Singcang-Airport is
geographically located in the western portion of Bacolod with the coordinates 10°39'06.2" N,
122°55'46.9"E. According to the Philippine Postal Corporation, Singcang-Airport is situated
at approximately 10.6573, 122.9334, on the island of Negros. Elevation at these coordinates
is estimated at 5.3 meters or 17.4 feet above mean sea level (PhilAtlas, 2023). A public
sector entity constructs a new multi-purpose building structure for the people of the
community to compromise the associations and is managed by the local state legislature.
According to data collected by the National Statistics Office of the Philippines and the
National Statistical Coordination Board, the land area is 331.5738 hectares with a density of
37.51898 and the classification is urban [Distrito, 2018]. Singcang Airport is a barangay in
the city of Bacolod, with a population of 33,501 according to the 2020 Census. This
accounted for 5.58% of Bacolod's total population [PhilAtlas, 2023].

The researchers' goal in this study is to evaluate and analyse the project construction
and management of a multi-purpose structure that will be a venue of the local government of
Singcang-Airport also located at the area in Bacolod City. Furthermore, the study intends to
perform a computational assessment of the bill of materials and bill of quantities for the
comparison of the suggested plan and actual construction. The researchers will use the study
to broaden their understanding of construction management.

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1.2 STATEMENT OF THE PROBLEM

Multifunctional building is considering an efficient premises to cater the necessities,

The consideration of the problem statement that this study attempts to address includes the

following:

1. Did the as stake plan influence the initial intended structural plan in terms of costs? If

so, describe the modifications.

2. How did they manage the real budget cost from the suggested plan to the final plan?

3. The contrast between the real project budget and the calculation assessment of the

researchers' study. Is there any distinction? Justify.

1.3 OBJECTIVES OF THE STUDY

As a framework for assessing the methodologies under the scope of this study, this

study attempts to evaluate and analyse the following objectives:

1. To evaluate the planning and management process used in the construction work, the

consideration is the following:

i. Modification of the structures.

ii. PERT-CPM

iii. S Curve/Monthly Progress

2. To provide a computational assessment of the bill of quantities (BOQ) and bill of

materials (BOM) for the project based on the estimates of the study.

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1.4 THE SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS OF THE STUDY

The scope of this study is a project evaluation of a multi-purpose building

construction built as a barangay hall in Singcang-Airport, Bacolod City, Negros Occidental.

The project will be evaluated largely in terms of quality, cost, material, and

advancement. The objective of this study is to investigate elements and concerns such as

plan revisions that emphasize the structure's technical procedure and the effective execution

of a multi-purpose building.

The project assessment tries to state and justify the construction of the finished job,

including the cost of materials, labour, and equipment. Regardless, the building is being

phased owing to variation order, and the current state, which is the structure's completion,

will not be taken into account in the research such as the garage, side structure and other

facility of the certain area, as well as the architectural analysis and design parameters, which

are not part of the construction management course.

The research will be carried out purely for the purpose of project assessment and

education; the results will not be deemed legitimate as a baseline for the original project.

There is no limitation of the study, please add limitation of the study.

4
REFERENCES

Hon. Rosanie Z. Distrito, Barangay Captain of Singcang-Airport [2018]. Socio-Economic Profile,

Barangay Airport, Bacolod City, p. 5. Retrieved from

https://bacolodcity.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2022/07/Singcang-Airport.pdf

PhilAtlas, [2023]. Singcang-Airport. Retrieved from

https://www.philatlas.com/visayas/r06/bacolod/singcang-airport.html

Kishor Amin [2020], What is Construction and the Construction Industry Retrieved from

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/what-construction-industry-kishor-amin

Pheng, L. S., & Hou, L. S. (2019). The Economy and the Construction Industry. Construction

Quality and the Economy, 21-54. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-13-5847-0_2

Mateusz Gerigk, 2017, IOP Conference Series Material Science and Engineering. Retrieved from

https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320861503_Multi-

Criteria_Approach_in_Multifunctional_Building_Design_Process

Stephen L. Gruenberg, Part of the Macmillan Building and Surveying Series book series (BASS),

1997, p. 37

Collins. J. (2017). A Brief History of Project Management Retrieved from

https://www.zentao.pm/blog/History-of-Project-Management-109.html/

Construction management specialists 2018 Interesting Information About the History of

Construction Project Management Retrieved from

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https://www.cmsbush.com/construction/interesting-information-about-the-history-of-construction-

projectmanagement/

Gonzalez. A., Schorr, M., Valdez, B., and Mungaray, A. (2020) Bridges: Structures and Materials,

Ancient and Modern Retrieved from https://www.intechopen.com/chapters/70758

Civil Engineering Today (N.D.). Advantages and Disadvantages of Reinforcement. Retrieved from

https://civiltoday.com/civil-engineering-materials/concrete/23-advantages-and-disadvantages-of-

reinforced-concrete

Elpidio Trinidad (2022), Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH). Retrieved from

https://www.pna.gov.ph/articles/1166885

Mateusz Gerigk (2017) IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering, Volume 245,

Issue 5. Retrieve from https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/245/5/052085/pdf

Jedynak, T. (2020). The Issues and Challenges of Local Government Units in the Era of

Population Ageing. Administrative Sciences, 10(2), 36. https://doi.org/10.3390/admsci10020036

Lenard Dalida, (2022). All Properties, Build Build Build Program Infrastructure Development

Status, Retrieved from https://www.allproperties.com.ph/build-build-build-program-infrastructure-

development-status/#:~:text=The%20%E2%80%9CBuild%2C%20Build%2C%20Build,widen

%20national%20roads%20and%20bridges.

Max Fajardo, 2000. Construction Management, PERT and CPM, p81-82

Law Insider, n.d. Retrieved from https://www.lawinsider.com/dictionary/structural-

modification#:~:text=Structural%20Modification%20means%20any%20fundamental,%2C

%20renovation%2C%20enlargement%20or%20expansion.

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE AND STUDIES

This chapter contains a compilation of the literature and studies based on the researcher's

thorough assessment of a multifunctional structure and construction industry. It also discusses the

history, definition, etymology, types of structure, and advantages and disadvantages. Those that

were included in this chapter will aid the researchers in a better comprehension of the study.

2.1 DEFINITION

The construction industry is one of the vital sectors of the economy that plays a significant

role in the development of the world. Generally, there are three levels to define construction within

the literature (Dang and Low, 2015). At one extreme, construction is referred to as an economic

activity that involves the entire construction process, from producing raw and manufactured

building materials and components and providing professional services such as design and project

management to executing the physical work on-site. In this view, construction is an economic

activity that crosses over all three economic sectors: primary sector that involves the extraction of

natural resources; secondary sector that involves the manufacture of building materials and

components, and the transformation of these materials into finished buildings; and tertiary sector

that involves the provision of consultancy services such as project management, design and

structural engineering (Gruenberg, 1997). According to this viewpoint, the construction process

begins long before the physical activity on site that turns materials and design into full buildings,

structures, and services.

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 The development of modern urban structures follows the tendencies of efficient space

management, which manifest themselves in the form of multifunctional buildings (Mateusz

Gerigk, 2017). According on this approach, the transformation of the Government Sector that

handles the development of every structure took a century of colourful and major events to lay the

foundations for the country's physical foundation. The structure involves the office of the chief,

spaces for the staff, officers, toilets, etc.

By constructing a multipurpose structure with permanent facilities for the expansion of

spaces, such as venues and other meeting areas, the community's social, cultural, economic, and

environmental needs are provided. According to Mateusz Gerigk buildings are being built bigger

and contain more diverse functions to meet the needs of a large number of users in one capacity.

Figure 1: Scheme of Influence of Multifunctional Building Presented in Venn Diagram by Mateusz Gerigk

According to the graph, the influence of Multifunctional buildings has a long-term impact

on every area of community development. Also, considering those urban regions with a huge

landscape and a high population, it is a perfect structure to create to fulfil the necessities.

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 According to Stephen Gruenberg, to build up a picture of any industrial sector, different

aspects of the industry need to be looked at separately. These aspects include the types of goods or

products produced, namely the sector's output, the types of firms producing that output, the various

types of labour employed, the technology and materials used in the industry, and the types of

clients who form the demand for the industry's output (Gruenberg, 1997). Mentioned that

beginning in every element may be contemplated in our industry notably with regards to the items

output that delivers and help to be more developed and urbanized.

2.2 HISTORY

Historically, humans settled in mixed-use patterns, concentrating all of their resources in a

single location. Historical examples can be found in ancient Rome's historic market squares, where

businesses, apartments, governmental offices, and often a library were mixed in. However, the

industrial revolution brought new zoning restrictions and a stronger separation of dwelling and

working places. The invention of the automobile strengthened this trend, bringing with it an

acceptance of long-distance commuting between home, office, and shopping, as well as an exodus

from city living to suburban life. In addition, developers are now embracing mixed-use projects.

People are moving back to cities, and high-density building is becoming popular. Furthermore,

during the 1990s, a loosening of mixed-use zoning restrictions helped to clear the way for

architects and city planners to build unique concepts that meet a variety of city dwellers' interests

on a single site.

The significance of resource availability in local government units has been widely

acknowledged across the public sector. Over the last centuries, there have been many empirical

9
studies that have been pivotal in the evaluation of efficiency in local government in every aspect

and context. The impacts on community development in urban areas were greatly increased by

creating accessible infrastructure.

The Government Department is as ancient as the Philippines, dating back to the Spanish

colonial era four centuries ago. It arose from its embryonic state in 1565, when the first settlement

roads were built using forced labour. As supply routes and methods of communication improved,

fortresses were then linked by better pathways. As part of its development plans in the islands,

Spain resorted to a policy of attraction through public works building. In order to achieve their

goal, the King of Spain appointed the Spanish Governor-General in the nation as Chief of Public

Works with the assistance of the "Junta Consultiva" in 1867. (DPWH n.d)

Under the current circumstances, the Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH)

has a program called "Build, Build, Build" that includes a traffic-decongestant strategy aimed at

constructing high-quality highways or expressways, by passed or diversion road, flyovers,

interchanges, and underpasses, as well as widening national roads and bridges (Lenard Dalida,

2022). Furthermore, the DPWH constructs multipurpose buildings for the whole government

sector, with the goal of providing a large facility to satisfy the demands and duties of the local

government unit.

A multifunctional building is a structure that comprises at least two separate destination

areas, although most current realizations contain a considerable number of them. A multifunctional

structure generally has many functions, and mixed-used areas combine to form a complicated

system.

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2.3 DEFINITION OF TERMS AND ETYMOLOGY

The local government sector entails first and foremost meeting the needs of the people in

the area, which will be guided by planning, monitoring, evaluating, advocacy, participatory

techniques, and management. Potentially, implementation will be provided by internal assistance

and taken care of by the external section.

Department of Works and Highways - The Bureau of Public Works and Highways (Obras

Publicas) is known as the "Director General.". implements the policy of the state to continuously

develop technologies to assure the safety of all infrastructure facilities and provide the maximum

efficiency and suitable construction quality for all public works and roads.

Advocacy - Middle English advocacie "intercession," borrowed from Anglo-French

advocassie "pleading," borrowed from Medieval Latin advocatia "patronage," from Latin

advocātus . to act or to process supporting a cause or proposal: to act or process advocating

something.

Barangay Hall – the seat of local government for the barangay, the lowest elected

administrative division of the Philippines.

Construct – to make or form by combining or arranging parts or elements. Latin

constructus, past principle of construere, from com- + struere to build.

Construction Management – a professional service that provides a project’s owner(s) with

effective management of the project schedule, cost, quality, safety, scope, and function.

Construction Industry – the industrial branch of manufacturing and trade related to

building, repairing, renovation, and maintaining infrastructure.

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 CPM – Critical Path Method; a tool for planning, scheduling, and control of construction

work. Developed by J.E Kelly of the Remington Rand Corp. and M.R. Walker of Du Pont in an

effort by commercial industry to make an advanced scheduling and cost control methods.

Evaluation – determination of the value, nature, character, or quality of something or

someone. First known use Circa 1622.

Infrastructure – the system of public works of a country, state, or region. Also: the

resources (such as personnel, or equipment) required for an activity.

Management – the conducting or supervising of something (such as business).

Local Government – the public administration of towns, cities, countries and districts.

PERT – Program Evaluation and Review Technique; a technique used for coordinating

large scale projects to shortening the length of the project completion time. PERT began in 1958

through joint efforts of the Lockheed Aircraft, the U.S Navy Special Project Special Office and the

Consulting firm of Booz, Allen & Hamilton in the efforts of the U.S government to speed up the

Polaris Missile Project.

PERT-CPM – a techniques, used for planning and coordinating large scale projects.

Planning – the act or process of making or carrying out plans specifically: the

establishment of goals, policies and procedures for a social or economic unit.

Projectification – work is now being carried out in a series of (often multi-team) projects’

rather than a linear mass production line system or method of organization, where items or

processes are handed on to the next “experts” in the system.

Project Scheduling – the listing of activities, deliveries, and milestones within the project.

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 Structural Modification – any fundamental and significant change to the structure of a

building including any planned construction, renovation, and enlargement or expansion.

2.4 TYPES OF THE STRUCTURE

We are all aware that all structures are important components of infrastructure and that

every individual works together. According to Nueva Ecija's 2nd District Engineer Office Chief,

Elpidio Trinidad, a multi-purpose building structure is often used to provide educational and social

services to the community as venues for various activities such as medical and dental missions,

seminars, mass vaccination sites, sports, and other social activities. [Trinidad, 2022]

In general, a multi-purpose building houses a variety of functions as well as a community

amenity. It is important in terms of construction management since it specifies what type of

structure will be built in the region and the demands of its residents or users. There are many types

of Multi-Purpose Structures listed below.

Multi – Purpose Covered Court

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Figure 1. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) has constructed a multi-purpose building in

Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija. It is one of the eight multi-purpose structures completed by the DPWH in the

province. (Photo by DPWH Region 3)

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Multi-Purpose Day Care Center

Figure 2. This undated photo shows the multi-purpose buildings completed by the Department of Public Works

and Highways (DPWH) in Nueva Ecija. A total of 23 such facilities in various schools and villages were completed

for a total cost of P61.6 million. (Photo courtesy of DPWH-3)

Police Station

Figure 3. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) recently started the construction of a two-

storey building inside the Central Luzon headquarters of the Philippine National Police (PNP) in Camp Olivas in

San Fernando City, Pampanga.

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Multi-Purpose Evacuation Center

Figure 4. The Department of Public Works and Highways (DPWH) has recently constructed a multi-purpose

building that doubles as an evacuation center for the residents of Miagao, Iloilo in times of calamities and

emergency situations.

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2.4 ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

Reinforced concrete is built on-site and is vigorous yet risky for specific investments. The

structure is intensive, with multiple trades at work at any time. The massive factors will depend on

the area and location of the project, anticipating the frame to construct. The benefits of

constructing a reinforced concrete structure include its high compressive strength in comparison to

other materials as well as its ability to withstand a significant amount of tensile stress due to the

reinforcement. The building system is more durable due to the fluid material that resists fire, and

the compactness makes it weather-resistant. economically moulded into a range of shapes with a

low maintenance cost in construction materials. In addition, the reinforced concrete structure is

widely used in precast structural applications due to the yield of rigid members with minimum

deflection and the fact that it requires less skilled labor for the erection of the structure.

The disadvantage of reinforced concrete is that the tensile strength is one-tenth of the

compressive strength, which is the main factor that affects the final strength. The cost items are

more expensive for a multi-story building because the RCC column section is larger than the steel

section and has a lower compressive strength than RCC. Furthermore, shrinkage causes crack

formation and strength loss, resulting in structural failure.

17
 CHAPTER 3

METHODOLOGY

This section emphasizes the goal of the evaluation method to answer the objectives of the

study and addresses the investigation, followed by the insights and data of the resources, materials,

and tools to assess the validity and reliability throughout the study. This describes the process of

establishing the construction of the building as well as the rationale for the specific processes that

will be used to identify, collect, and analyse data.

3.1 SITE CONDITION

Prior to the commencement of construction, the project site was evaluated to see if the

original scope of works could be implemented given the current site conditions. Following the

inspection, it was decided to change the original designs so that the new construction may really

meet the needs of the barangay. The first adjustment was based on RA 9184's IRR provision. The

first revision mostly consisted of revising plans and specifications in line with the contractors'

suggestions after examining the area at Singcang-Airport, as well as increasing the number of

items to be added during work and decreasing the amount owing to plan changes. The owner side

granted a time extension of 60 calendar days to complete the work, which became effective on

March 18, 2022. The original percentage change of Original Contract Value is (+) 3.09%.

The second modification in contract amounts and introduction of New Items of Work is for

structural stability and aesthetic consideration of the building, hence the amendment was based on

IRR of RA 9184. The plan has been minimally changed, and certain components and tasks have

been deleted in order to aesthetically improve the structure's accessibility to users. There is no

more time to consider, but the percentage change has grown to 14.33%.

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 According to the researchers' site visit, the construction is 95% complete, with the building

structure now performing its purpose. As part of phase two building, the garage and other facilities

in a specified area are being developed. The as stake plan differed from the proposed plan in that

the building was reduced from three to two stories owing to a problem that was changed during the

contractor's inspection. The design remains unchanged; however, the characteristics and

proportions have been minimally altered.

The building's facility is completely equipped and accessible for people and official

purposes, and the external structure was visible in the area.

3.2 MODIFICATION OF THE STRUCURES

This idea will identify structural modifications as a result of design changes during

construction. As per the structural frame loading is the inner frame that carries the structure's loads

will follow the codes and standard of the following.

Governing Codes:

iv. ACI318R-89(REV.1992) Building codes requirements for reinforced

concrete American Concrete Institute.

v. UBC 1991 Edition; Uniform Building Code

vi. The National Building Code of the Building 2001 Edition Vol.1 (NSCP

2001, vol.1)

vii. AISC 9TH Edition; Manual Steel Construction Allowable Stress Design,

American Concrete Institute of Steel Construction.

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Governing Standard:

i. ASTM A36 Structural Steel

ii. ASTM A611 Steel, Sheet, Carbon, Cold-Rolled, Structural Quality.

iii. ASTM A615PNS 18 Standard Specification for Concrete Aggregates.

iv. ASTM C39 Standard Test Method for Compressive Strength of Cylindrical

Concrete Specimens

v. ASTM C94FNS 46 Standard Specification for Ready Mix Concrete

vi. ASTM C150PNS 07 Standard Specification for Portland Cement.

vii. PNS 16 Philippine National Standard for Concrete Hollow blocks Members

by American Iron and Steel Institute.

viii. SC 671 Specification for the Design of Cold-Formed Steel Structural

The structure design was changed depending on the accessibility of the users' demands as

well as the characteristics of the lot space.

The actual building is a two-story structure that houses a variety of facilities such as the

offices of the Barangay Captain and the Barangay Health Centre, and many more.

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 3.2a Structural Analysis

In this concept the necessary information for the structural analysis that is extracted from

the reference plan and estimate the loads that the structures should be able to sustain.

21
3.2b Design of Procedures

Figure 5; Footing, Column, Beam and Slab

A. Design of Footing – The footing supports the dead loads and will bear all of the weights of

the structure. In relation to this, the footing is commonly known as the foundation of the

structure

i.

B. Design of Beam – The beam is designed to carry the dead loads from the girder and slab.

i.
C. Design of Column – The column in the construction serves two functions: the column

footing and the column that also bears the load from the slab.

i.

D. Design of Slab – In accordance with the National Structural Code of the Philippines

(NSCP) and ASTM, a two-way slab was employed in the construction to support the

weight of the remaining floors.

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 i.

3.3 PERT-CPM

3.4 S Curve/Monthly Progress

3.5 Cost Estimates

3.5 Time Estimates

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 CHAPTER 4

QUANTIFYING CALCULATIONS, MANPOWER ANALYSIS, AND COMPARISON OF

QUANTITIES

This chapter comprises all of the computational evaluations that the researchers attempted

to evaluate in relation to the study.

4.1 QUANTIFYING CALCULATION

4.2 MANPOWER ANALYSIS

4.3 COMPARISON OF QUANTITIES

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