Total Marks:
FACULTY OF ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY
PLT107 ELECTRONICS 1
Laboratory Module 4
LIMITER AND CLAMPER CIRCUITS
(Zener Diode and Voltage Regulation)
Student Name : AMIR AISAR BIN ROSLI
Metrics Num : 201361506
Program : UR6523006 (RY32)
Instructor Name : DR. LIEW HUI FANG
Date: 26/5/2021
SUBMITTED
26/5/2021
Signature & Date (Student) Signature & Date
(Instructor/lecturer)
PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
EXPERIMENT 4: ZENER DIODE AND VOLTAGE REGULATION
OBJECTIVE
To analyze zener diode characteristics
To analyze zener diode as a simple voltage regulator
COMPONENTS AND EQUIPMENTS
Resistors 220 Ω - 2 units
1N753, 6.2V
DC power supply
Multimeters
Breadboard
INTRODUCTION
Operation wise, zener diodes are normally reverse biased. They maintain a constant
voltage across their terminals over a specified range of current. A zener diode can be
modeled by a constant dc voltage source in series with a resistor. As a regulator, the
zener diode maintains a dc output voltage that is essentially constant level regardless of
the fluctuations in load current.
Maximum limiting series resistance
Vin (min) Vout (4.1)
R (max) =
S
I L (max)
Output voltage
Vout = VZ (ideal = 6.2V) (4.2
Vout = VZ + IZRZ (actual) (4.3)
Where IZ = IZ – IZT
RZ = zener diode internal resistance = VZ / IZ
IZT = zener test current (20mA)
Zener diode current
IZ = IS – IL (4.4)
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
Source current
Vin Vout
IS = (4.5)
RS
Load current
VZ
IL = (4.6)
RL
Zener diode power dissipation
PZ = IZVZ (4.7)
Percent load regulation
VNL VFL
%VR = x100% (4.8)
V FL
where VNL = no load (open circuit) output voltage
VFL = full load output voltage
PRE-LAB CALCULATION
1. Calculate the expected values of the parameters for full load condition in Figure 2
and record in Table 2.
2. Calculate the expected values of the parameters for no load condition if RL in
Figure 2 is disconnect and record in Table 3.
(Assume Vout = 6.2 V, VZ(ideal) = 6.2 V, IZT = 20mA and RZ = 8.34 Ω)
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
PROCEDURE
A) Determination of zener’s current and voltage:
Figure 1: Schematic diagram of zener’s current and voltage
1. Setup the circuit as shown in Figure 1.
2. Increase the dc supply voltage, VDC with 1 V, whiles simultaneously measuring the
voltage (VZ) and current (IZ) of zener diode. Record the data in Table 1.
3. Repeat step 2 for other dc supply voltage as listed in Table 1.
(NOTE: Do not exceed the zener current of 40 mA )
4. Plot your results for the corresponding zener current and voltage values on the
graph.
5. From your graph, determine the voltage (VZ) across the zener diode if IZ = 20mA,
and the zener diode internal resistance, RZ.
B) Zener Diode Voltage Regulator (Full Load):
VFL
Figure 2: Schematic diagram of Zener Diode Voltage Regulator (Full Load)
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
1. Setup the circuit shown in the Figure 2.
2. Apply dc voltage (Vin = 15 V).
3. Measure the source current (IS), zener current (IZ), load current (IL) and full load
output voltage (VFL).
4. Record the values in Table 2.
C) Zener Diode Voltage Regulator (No Load):
1. From the circuit on Figure 2, disconnect load resistor (RL).
2. Measure the source current (IS), zener current (IZ), and output voltage with no
load (VNL).
3. Record your values in Table 3.
D) Load Regulation
Calculate the percent load regulation. Show your calculation.
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
CIRCUIT CONSTRUCTION
Circuit
(a)
Circuit
(b)
Circuit
(c)
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
PRE-LAB CALCULATION
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
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RESULTS
Table 1 (8.5 marks)
VDC (V) Zener Voltage, VZ (V) Zener Current, IZ (mA)
1.0 V 0 mA
1
2.0 V 0 mA
2
3.0 V 0 mA
3
4.0 V 0.00044 mA
4
5.0 V 0.00088 mA
5
5.997 V 0.012 mA
6
6.065 V 0.161 mA
6.1
6.094 V 0.485 mA
6.2
6.109 V 0.87 mA
6.3
6.4 6.119 V 1.277 mA
6.127 V 1.697 mA
6.5
6.149 V 3.869 mA
7
6.171 V 8.314 mA
8
6.185 V 13.0 mA
9
6.195 V 17.0 mA
10
6.203 V 22.0 mA
11
6.21 V 26.0 mA
12
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
Plot graph IZ vs Vz (6 Marks)
From graph (2 Marks):
1. Zener knee voltage (VZ) when IZ = 20 mA: 6.21 V
2. Internal zener resistance (RZ): 0.3105Ω
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PLT 107 Electronics 1 Laboratory Module 4
Table 2 Full Load data (6 Marks)
% Error
Measured Value Expected Value
0.04 A 0.04 A 0%
IS
0.012 A 0.012 A 0%
IZ
0.028 A 0.028 A 0%
IL
6.182 V 6.133 V 0.799 %
VFL
Table 3 No Load data (4.5 Marks)
% Error
Measured Value Expected Value
0.04 A 0.04 A 0%
IS
0.04 A 0.04 A 0%
IZ
6.228 V 6.367 V 2.183 %
VNL
Calculation of load regulation (1 Mark)
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