APRIL 1988 £1.40
Canada § 3.95 6670335
SM
2000
tl OCT NU
Ty any
RAF AT 70: THE
NEW FRONTIERS
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MODERN MILITARY AVIATION]
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iEDITORIAL ADVERTISING
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‘CONSULTANT EDITOR
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(CO-ORDINATING EDITOR
Ken 5
PRODUCTION EDITOR
208 Waters
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PHOTOGRAPHY
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FEATURES
Wild Weasels 5-16 ites’ neve
socmed up wih he F-4Huntersto make @
ichol combination, Cnrsion Gerard reports.
Battlefront 2000 cis racock
hos talked the RAF “top brass’ fo find their
‘hough on the current eopabiities and needs
of the RAP in its 70th yeor.
In the Line of Fire Us oxceshep
to keep on uneasy peace in South Korea.
Undeclared War i. angoiosouh
Aican Forces have bean fighting oleng ond
bitter cenfictin support of UNITA gueriles,
Commonwealth Choppers
lus etre rom Ant, ca tle
Gulf Patrol reasionis sinhighinthe
Gulf waters, the mulnriondl naval poral
isequpped wth o wide eray of hecopiers
nd quite copcble of defending Hel.
Enter the Australian PCO
Beb Livingstone exemines Australia's new
Chris Poceck reperts fram
the tropics on news and views from the
Singopore show.
DEPARTMENTS
News...M@WS News
and. everts form around the
‘word, incbing colour spec
a
RAF at 70
on Pel A Jockion on wl
circreft and weaponry the RAF will use To the
fend of the century ond beyond,
Tateties conwiom Editor Nike Spick
pul the cose for ond agains! the cannon on
Imedern jet fighter.
Ethiopia revisted Ariss, 117]
Jamine-torn Ethiopia to see the current raiot
sill
Check Out Aerodynamics for » EX]
miltary, step-by-step without the maths by
Derra Sinton.
rd ockheed’s venerable trainer it
stil in widespreod service, and the Skyfox
moy give sill morlife. Robbe Show scans
the globe for operator, Incudesful-esleur
cenfre- spread ertwork
Base Tour rar Noriot is the hone
OfVIP unit 3? Squadron and gateway o he
Us for meny mittary cemmuniations Sighs
The Mission A omsuh of eusion. 50]
crowed MiGs bythe lsu in 1970 taught
both sides valuable leveone
Debrief sosis nd videos on cpera a
tional evaluationMeee
Caen)
Comte
Peer end
tet
trom ce
Coins
oar
Troha reiy
Perera
Pee
Ciaran
Aco
Crurearre rary
Pouca es
Scare ran ary
Peeters teins
Prato acrae
San
Poor nee
Prey
Prarie’
rears
ne rt
Cae
pier
Core a
Pointe tira
rere enone
Dricotte erring
thoughts and views.
FIRST FOUR women pict tainess
{or the Royal Austraken Air Force
(RAAF) basic AESL CT-4 course
‘and nave been posted to RAAF
Pearce, Westem Australa, to com
rence Macen traning. Under the
few fying duty rules Brought a by
the Defence Department, FL
Robyn Willams (26), and Oticer
Cadets Bev Wight (25), Deborah
Hicks (21) and denny Heath (2)
willbe the RAAF's fest Jet plots
‘and among 26 plots taking the
‘Seweex advanced course. They
Will not however, be posted 10
fighters on graduation.
RAAF Base Tindal, 9.9milos
(15emjrom Katnerne in Nether
Tertitory is beginning to recewe ts
first” permanent personnel
Estimated to nave cost AS217
milion the new base wil become
operationalin October 1988 1075
Squadron and its F/A-18 Hornets
Phantoms fly to ‘Fire Focus’
BRITAIN rapid re-intorcement of
the Falklands exercise, Fre Focus
‘BB, began on March 7, The exer:
{ise evolved the desloymert of
Phantom FGR.2s from 228 OCU
al Leuchars, tives Klose based
INinfod MR 2s and approximately
1,000 Uk:based troops who were
alited to the Fakiands by RAF
“Tastar and VC-10 transport
The Phantoms and Nimrod were
acretuoled enavte ang joined 23
‘Squadron's Phantoms. based at
‘Mount Pleasant, for a three-wook
exercise in the area before
Feturning othe UK a the endo! the
‘month. The troops wil abo take ad
Vantage of the excelent taining
facitbes in the islands betore ret
ring on Maren 3
Describes as a modest routine
exorcise by the Minty of Defence,
Fe Focus (FIRE being an acronym
for Faklend [sande Re-nforcement
‘Exercise, has neverhatoee prove
(ed an angry response from Argen:
tina who claimed f mould hegnten
tension in the region. Ar atime when
Present Afonsin is saeking 0
resume ams sales 10 is country,
land release 12 Skyhawks Dough
betore 1982 but remainng block:
ed nterao due to US posoure, the
timing of the exerasa has been
crticised by the. Organisation of
American Statos
‘Air Chi! Marshal Sk Peter Har
ng, who co-ordinates the exerose
from HO Strike Command, was at
pains to point out that Fire Focus
twas planned more than a year ag0
toeneue that would tin withthe
A's otter comments, Despite
the reservations "some South
‘Rmercan courires have about ne
Betish exorcise, an RAF Hercules
‘was abe fo maké a emergency lr
ting st Montevideo in Uruguay hav-
ing developed propeler problems
Biter bad wether hac prevented t
landing at Mount Pleasant: Tho a
rat was lner released,
“Apart irom participating inthe ex:
ereise Fire Focus a8 tothe
Falkiancs, Leucnars’ Phantoms
have been inthe news recenty. On
February 28 one of ts arora was
Involved ins near mies. with an
Aberdoen-based. Super Puma
operated by Bristow Helcopter,
while two days atora 43 Squacron
Phantom FG.1 XVS82 set a new
Lands End fo Joho © Groatsrecora
WIC Jon Brady and his navigator
FIL Mike Pugh flew the 590 miles
In. 48 min 44 secs at a speed of
760 mph —with the lp of 2 150
mon tal wind
[HDevoid of morking, one of Lucha Phantom FGR.2s about fo leave forthe Flklonds onthe eve of Fre Focus 8 Fa]
eee §=Women join up
presently based at Darwin. A ful
ange of technical support facts
willbe provided, nclucing hangaret.
tes for areralt manitenance, a fight
Simulator, avionies. buildings
technical ‘suppor buléings and
‘squadron headquarters
Despita the fact that almost at
Royal Australian Novy (RAN) plots
are destined to bo helicopter rate,
they wil complete the ful RAAF
traning couse on the Macchi
Me-3264. (The FAN lest ted
wing capacity some years ago as a
Fesut of a Goverment decision,
‘nd ra pit traning cared out
by the RAAF.)
“Tho Navy consider that theyre
quire’ Macchi time to be able fo
perfect he instrument iin tec
‘ques essential for nit overwater
peraions where there vitualy
ho extemal vaual reference respec.
tive of tho. provaiing ‘weather
eoneltons
Ths. situation is tkely to be
reviewes onco the Pilatus PC-2
(see page 57) been ful ntegrated
into the traning system. Ris pro
able that this arcraft willbe able
{out tis role by the eary 18908
[FEBRUARY saw the Royal Thai Ai
Force (RTAF) sutfer its first
casualties infighting long disputes
border areas’ with neighbouring
sos. Both countries lay clam toa
30 equare mio ares dose to the
Laotian capital cf Vieniane some
250 mies north of Bangkok. Dur
ing the shor, sharp bate nthe
remote mountainous region, re in
timber, a ATAF F-6€ Tiger i was
brought down by a shouldered
Laotian SAM'7 on February 3. The
pilot was kiled
‘tow days later on ATAF
(0V-106 Bronco. on @_ recon:
faissance mission was shot down
by Laolan ground fre. The crew,
who ejected satel, landed in Laos
land were taken prisoner. A cease:
fre agreed by Thakand and Laos cn
February 17 slowed botn sides 10
withoraw 1 8mles (3k) trom the
bate tront and secured tne release
‘of the OV-10. crew. Casualtes
‘caused by border fighting were
‘strated to bo 26 rary as 500k
24 and wounded,
“atthe same ine Noch Korea was
cdaiming that US Air Force SR-71
Blackbird stretenicrecomsissance
airraft had violated its space for
the sit me tes yeer. South Korea
Tesponded by announcing an In
‘Grease In coma readiness by Hs
‘my and ir Force to repulse and
‘attack trom the North. Anew
‘defence plan to protect the capt,
Seou, from an ar attack, the
{chances of which remain high ac
‘cording tothe. South Korean
ofence minis, i being drawn,PROJECTS
SWISS NAME —'scicoriorine SHA0 AS 38 Gono bynes for he Navy
muauers Sree Cane Sara Pe come seo ofan aerated 6
Stecshfermayectcosazes fegce the Re nce te
Rae ae ea wes Bre vil wee shel elboay
ton wore announced by the Svs MORE ‘STEALTH’ = SCNENS,,® "GP degree of
aie ssi i)
ISaramorcan eiGC POTS AMERICAS Atwoced Totally eee ie US Doutrart
Falcon and the F-18C Hornet. Both Bomber ATE, the B-2, took @ steP Orion replacement “nc
{peel compete raver foward win'a $2 bon eonsact ron replacement, Boang have
‘this year, organised by the Grupe awarded to Northrop covering 132 Of the 757 twar jet airiner, McDon:
fur Rustungs-Dienste. aircraft, The 8-2's frst base Will DE hel Douglas a similar development
faa AFM wont to press, tore Whtatan APB, Mosou Ste HO 8O whe toctous ave
wererumous fat Onasadegut Clove Ar Support (CAS) a- proposad a sovanced veson ot
Nar raced the pce of her cratsuey cordate goto fe'oron
Inrage 2000 conositor om Se? Seeing,” Gonsral "Byres, "Bosing. Helicopter Company
Eiraiono 1ernmonper ara Lockiged-Geeria, MeDonnel have en awarded 301 6
ian atonot to getbacx tone Deus, Notrog aid octwel-A_ lon contact the speci mi
ening Teg nee toner we be Waceapeest nacmasurnar Sen voroan ef he di yee oe
Mined mrauiey o'I00457 Sowed has been aveced e's Cohook fe MT
FINALISTS In the race for the
PRODvuvCTION
aioe ee ae etre
Costa last December ands now building up flying hoursin bid to keep the develop-
ieanererrar hs a)
Bh below: Second of sh Tacomo (Take Chorge And Move Out) circroft
erred eroat a rears tora Mites
AFM for May will give details on how YOU
CC aC Ve)
show at Ramstein, West Germany, and
poo sernestiet IT) a Re ee
Saeed, eer tag oeagn ah VEO ms CU RL
fates tte nsec,
Prin pum of the South African Air Force today — The
Reg ee ae UC Ua)
With its clear blown canopy and
wihatareearetobe anateeggoce MI MTU ae OU
trea the Far Boars more than @
Bassing Ikeness to the American- OT ULL id
Sesigned and marketed Lancar
7236 hile. Te Lanca of ern
eee eee TET UG are waging a ‘hot
conflict, AFM reports.
fvaiable Ina completely ro
1 And much, much more: On Sale April 28 —
moulded kt
make sure of your copy!ORDER BOCK
Bees
Reso AS 300 em Pa
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Disa dept Rae 9 Fe
Lesa. coe
taco Dane O17
porter
SESS,
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Pacer
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SEES Brn
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Gr by Freeh gperrer
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PERU recoived the fst five of its
‘der for fiteen Artonoy -An-32
Cine tactical vansperts In August
1867. The balance wi be gewerec
up to suramer tis your, gradually
Stppanting the older Ar-26 Curls
tthe Fuerza Aeroa dol Pony (A).
‘Tho Clines have boen aeegred £6
Escuncton oreo 843 based at
Linas Intemational Arpt. The coal
wil be paid forn part by Peruvian
‘exports to the Soviet Union,
ace Prt CH baa a be
Sorte 9 Cram
OPERATIONAL
ROTARY ROLES
BAITAINS Minstry of Detence
recently coniirmed that the RAF
woe retan coro of the Chinook,
Puma and Wessex ‘leet of
heloeptors operated in support of
the Amy despite the Army Ar
Corpe putting a atrang cace for
togatng al support Felcopters
‘At tho came tive, are Army unit
was anounced, known a6 tho 24
Arbor Brgade, iwi hove te own
Integrated force of Lynx antitank
helcooters. As no exta Lynx nave
Ee arma
WITHTHE ting ofthe US Stato WUBL
Department's ban onthe sale of Al
Kft fitters to Colombia. the Fuor-
za Aerea Colombiana (FAC) wl now
feceve 14 alreat surplus from
Israel Defence Force stecks. reat
Arcrttindustnes wit oremas! he yg
‘erat, 127s and wo TCTs, nd
Dring them 10 prectcaly 2ero-Pous.
‘The contract incudes waning,
support and spares and & reported
to havo tos $60 ion, This wil
emosty n the form af Cclomban
Boal exports to lrasl, It aloe
‘ecored that Al wil upgrace FAC's
Mirage 5 Tloot. Selvador Huortas
‘oon ordered ence bat year, re WAM
Arpome Bigade's selabichment of
24 halcoptere wil have t9 come
from the existing fet
‘Aimy. fir Comps and RAF
helcopter activity in Northern
keland tasincreased sharply ine:
cent months, with mere Chinooks
beng deployed to the prove. All
have’ been tied with infrared
countermeasures equipment in
Fesponse tb ‘epors that he IRA
might have acquired SAM:
tmisales. Several AAC. Gazelle
havo also boon tted wit exhevat
coating shrouds,
WRITE
aninn 2: Neunowan AF MG erated crews 109 mn (16m)
denuary «1 AF Hell 4125 crashed an eke of fem Barduloss, Norway,
Seca er Soma Saran var cai wet oS
{era atari AF Ly of 33 ener ae
¥ crashed at Cark AB, Pict kiled
2: Prins AF F-98 Freogom Fighter Pit
deny 12: USAFE F-10n 01019. xotat W crsned new Nagi, Sea
‘rary 16:Loveneso AF AB, 212 exlosedin mar over Son moa Bena Two
aranry 17: Ncoragan Genta Dowie €-47 st Gown 120 mies (192
‘et taraguo. Sn wes Ey
Troe hed a Sakador AE UNH that erthed now Bon Joe
alan AFB, $26 of AMO cnr t Saba tay, Ore
Nos ar reo cmos Teas noon vay O™ MP
AW ict of 24 refertished SAAB 3S0E Draken,
fighters ordered by the Austrian Al force wos.
‘brat deployed:
tp, Neresice. One ied.
Pep JS Amphoe ceed For Campa, eric tows
Nay Lyx rae mo te 893 oft Pertua. Tw Ka.
ALFM. APRIL‘wa Two began im September 1933. In
deed, the may nave done; but
fag the AF only then Uegun fo addiess te
4 finest hour sure
have been reduces
I T is a popular misconception thet Wer
ict the threats of
Hectve times to
e more compe
p protracted, so
feats forthe RAF? AL
nt trend being to
would be impossble (0
tion of he RAF of toasy
fst mentoring
and dofencive components
F-3 forms, respectively — this exceptional a
rah wil be made even more potent as
Fesut of development orcarammes currently
and. Large scale delwories of Tornado GR ts
fended in September 1885, the man recpient
being RAF Germany, which row has XV, 16
‘and 20 Squadrons at Laabruch andiX. 14, 17
capabity, Tornado
‘single WE177 free-fall store on the
Gentine Even wi cowie BB
Foting (toss-borbing) deivery.
woud be forced to appreach within four
(6 ak ofits target and place iso at
Sderabe risk of detection by ine enemy. N-
= ‘alher belaledly — plans are aloot to i:
tWoduce an arsaunched-cruse mssie (ALCM|
with a range of up to 300 mies (3e3kn)
Shanice the Tomado's potential
'No socnet had the ink cried on last yoor’s
‘Superpower ogreemont on ground inunohod
Intermediate-renga nuclear weapons tan
‘was ravealed that France and Briain might co:
leborata on an, improved yersion ol the
Aeroscatale ASMP slandoft missle whch
uroniy ae of €2 mle 100k) 1 re
Seti radius of Mirage VPs, Mage ZO00NS
‘and Super Etendards,
‘Much rerrains 0 De discussed below a frm
‘agreement can te obvainea. yet re sugges
tons avidence enough of anew feeing in cer
fan aroas of Europe that Soviet potical in:
Natives might weaken the West's secutty by
‘slancing the USA and edging the two Gor
‘monies tovarés noutally As Europe's only
‘omnuslear powers, Brita and France ae be.
tng forced to bury thor lang-sianding com
pativeness n favour of closer dence inks
“The prospective ALCM wil not be avaliable
ntl te late 1990s, Sut that does not mean
The Tornedo GA. is entrely naked inthe face
‘fis enemies, Marcon. Sky Shadow ECM
ods and. Phiips 80Z 107 chatlare
spenser are complemented by a pair of
Bocensee-bult AM-SL Sidewinder self
fence AMS, while the ARI 23284 radar
‘warning revolvers beng replaced by the more
‘advanced Marconi Hormes system inetales
ftom the outset n Tornado intorcoptors
Ar.
Two BAe ALARM artracar msiosa aur
thet groecine mesure wore oun t De
ooeo it yeu but ate ot te FOF
otic rect meor compatedadapion ot
Sweat Geran ‘sersive af the ost ot
eins io Yours ely
By Hass 1900, Oh nd the RAE wil have
compat 3 nt poaranme 9 Tomas GA |
Siuctra nastencnAinea neds
Stor bag on te Tomado Mais Uncate
{GU} nan the Ho il be ete th
Nk 1638 versione oe F8.'99 hubotn
Sata fying ‘conrob ard oher avons
Gnges. povson lor an rianehed srse
insole. set dotenca Bosonsce She ANTS
Stats repay Sdewndo), 382 gator
(E2001 re) op-tans, and ater chonges
Ea aia wt be Bou ue sare
dard 1 ate produeton machines wt 8
“2eiccompulor and Mi. 8690 deta) and
thee ae bo ator aaugaton and rg
Sten ace
‘Sido ir Sait Racoon (ASA) 1015,
cezanor se bernal raging and ase sine
{Gnpode rao be obtained fa Tornados used
tna pathnder re these ara i aca be
tho ft fo colan ALARM in 1969). ASA
1910 covers Gee WM Ml rae)
ensingsaupment te ited adacent tthe
mor nese laser rengortoprovise he
fe wy in a Say
tran ahead (or Goeaight fig
hua et otto obit an
fe 8 a terrain profile mat-
pouleeedie
Sypeece hen wns
‘or hon accu
Seventy years
after its formation,
Jackson takes
an in= depth look at
the Royal Air Force
in 1988 and its
future post-INF
agreement role.
bor i
saae sara cael
rol more concer
returns causng the ‘agar to break took when
trackng multiple tages, cutter, vulnerability
to jammng; end uneeabity
‘The ato and ovor budget Foxhuntors
troubles have conirod prneipaly on computer
Software They can be put righ, alrough fate
in 1987 the makets estimated a four year pro-
ramme ahd a naw computer would be needed
Belore the radar was fly up to seratch
Nevertheless, 29 Squadron wes daclred
operational _at Coningsby on November
4887, wth Tornado F 3s having a ust accep:
fable ‘radar performance No. 5. Squvadean
‘olows on Nay 1 at the same base, and fwe
moreurte ite esiabishedat sicrronthy H-
fervass fo replace the Uguring force and al
the Ul
navigator wil seo on a video sereen the pos
tion of every friendly and known enemy aicrat
in ary part of the NATO area, updateg within
seconds of new data being received. Tornado
F.3s wil beable to relay back anything on
torest they pick-up on ther own radars and
Aivlomaticaly Wenamit fuel and woapon states
to ground contol so that tha battle ean be plan
ned efficenty
"win aman armament of four BAe Sky Flash
missiles, each with a range of over 31 miles
{S0Wm), the Tomado F-3 \= optimised for
shooting down cruise maaile-carying Soviet
Dombers far rom Brain's shoros. It has four
Scewinders and a single 27mm cannon tot
loser work, though until recently it seemed
‘hat hese were fo be very much secondary
“The advent of Sukho!'s Su-27 Flanker has
ceranges that opinion ramaticaly. Now the
‘Warsaw Pact has an agie fighter which can
escort nombers on night hook attacks through
the ielanc-Faroes gap and into UK aspace
ftom the rear. Fortunately, the Tornago no
slouch in lose combat, but those crew jlning
an F.3. squadron expecting to pekolf
Tupoleys rom the safety of a couple of dozen
smiles wil have a rude awakening
To soften the blow, tho fst twin-dome ar
fighting simulator in any European a force was
Inaugurated at Coningsby last December ta
‘g¥e Tomado and other gots highly realistic
experience of close encounters of Soviet
kena.
Phantom and Hawk crew sill be similarly
trained. Ae aeady mentioned. only two Pran
tom squacrons wil femain in the UK when tne
Tornado 's tly depiayed, although 18 and 92
‘Squadrons wil stay in RAF Germany for the
foreseeable future and 23 remains on me
Fallen Islands
“The Hawks of 1 and 2 Tactical Weapons
Unis, plus those of the Red Arrows, have
boon converted fo T-1A standard with prov
Son fora par of Sidewinders, and wil comple.
‘ment he larger fighters ef 11 Group in timo of
war. The nonradar Hawke can play a Winton
oni-detence role, butts forte — thanks fo ex
Bellent endurance ~~ ig a8 part of the Moxed
Fighter Force. In the MFF concept, Hawks wil
fy with Phantoms er Tornados and use thar
excellent agity to breakeup incoming forma
tions, alowting the big brothers to dispose ot
the tear.
‘Such combats wil, tis hoped, take place far
offshore. For any intruder reaching the coas,
4 lmted obstacle wil be encounterad in the
‘orm of BAC Bloodhound Mk 2 SAMs at ak
bases, stretching from the Humber tothe
Thames, Delongig to 25 and 85 Squadrons.
Despite is age, the Bloodhound system is
Undergoing an extensive process of uzcaling
te enable t fo romain in serice well into the
1080s,
Rapier also has an updato in prospect,
‘ough that wil concem mainly "the. four
squadrons protecting the aifilds of RAF Ger
many, a3 only two other units are assigned to
the RIAF's main Seotish bases. Three more
‘squacrons have been formed recently to Ge.
fond soven USAF oaoee with Rapiers bought
by the American taxpayer
Oro
CContral to offensive and defensive operations:
the RAF's aera tankor force als in tho clo:
Ing stages. of mosernigation, Only one
‘Squadron (55) of rusty Victor K.2s remain at
‘Matnam, its 18 arcraft approaching the end of
thei fatgue Ives. Nine VC-108 are in service
a5 fankers and a sinar number of Lockheed
TiStars isn the process of conversion. both
flyng from Brze Norton with 101 and 218
Squadrons, spectively. Five or 9x ofthe ex
Bish Aways. Super” VC: 10s In long term
storage at nearby Abingdon may be mosiied
the future #8 Vetor replacements
THitars can also function as transports —
notably for re-supply ofthe Faklands — but all
large aireraft are recognised as being
vulnerable 10 atack ina combat zone. Hmay
‘be that _jammors to detest heat seeking
imissiles wil become a feature of large acrat
qupment in years to come, perhaps sup
ported by radr warning recewers 1o gue a0-
‘ance notice of impending altack.
‘Amore extensive protection programme has
Just boon comploted on the gminished Jaguar
force, fing it for continued service unt ad.
vent of tho Eurfighter inthe late 19908, This
includes Mod 1114, alas the tanstormation to
GR.1A (and T 2a) siandard trrougn adation ot
‘a Ferrati FIN 1064 inertial naviatack systom
Considerably more accurate and reliable tan
the original Marconi NAVWASS system the UD.
hed eauiomont ra boon fited fo some 60
areratt.
\Wmen 2 Squadron convers to recee Tor
nado GR. el the end at tis year, Jaguars wi
bbe operational oni at Coltishal wih 6 and 54
Squadrons in the sirke/attack role and #1 for
for tactical recce with an underslung sensor
od of visual spectrum and IR Inoscan
AFM. APRILcameras. No 226 OCU at Lossiemouth rans
pilots.
Assisting _in_penetraive mssors with
1,000 (454g) bombs or BL7S5 custer
wiesponsare nowy added defensive aidscom-
pisng a par ef Tracor AN/ALE-40 crattare
Gspense's under the jetppe cowings, ad
wiring © the outer wing Byles (Mod 1116) for
2 par of soltdetence AIN OL Sidewinder,
PhilpaMATRA Phimat chalt depensers of
Westinghouse ANJALO-T01(V}10. amming
pode.
For a stand fourship formation, mutual
defence is provided by arming the frst cat
wih a jammer and a Phimat each, while be
‘others have a par of Winders apiece. Mandal
low fying subjects the Jaguar to considerable
fetiguenducing stresses, As a result,
Rumerous beetng-up mociticatons. nave
Fecenty been incorporated n te wns 1 en:
sure safe operation
Ras
‘ays ere numbered fo the Harner GR. tore
‘ow that deliveries are Bogaring o! the much
Improve GR varart. The rlationship bet
tneen the two generatons of Hasler s a com.
‘lex ono. but sufice to say thet the new mode!
earries 70%. more extemal ordnance
(dolvered with 200% greater accuracy). 60%
‘more intemal uel, opsonaly 400% more ex:
ternal uel, and requres 60%. less
‘maintenance mar-Routs. Fim orders foal 62.
‘wirva tunner Sain prospect Delvenes began
‘in duly 1987,
[At Wittering, 299 OCUs augmenting ts Mh
Se withthe new airera,intencing te convert ?
‘Squacton Iter this year. That tmetable may
‘ow have sipped following an aceidont in Oc.
{ober whan a GR 5 lost He pl! a theron of
fn apparor’_ ejection seat raltunetion |The
her two Harner souadrons. Sand 4 at
LEM, APRIL
Guterslon, West Germany, wil rocoive Mk 5
in. 1989°80 to complete the programme
‘Athough Wk 3s have been able to carry
Sidewindors since 1962/83 ~ at he exsense
tt weanon pylen — fe new ara has extra
Stiachment pons for ins. sell-aefence
‘weapon, net afecing the nermal load of two
row ADEN 25mm cannon and us to seven in
proved BLI5S0 or on bone. These wil be
ropaces by the AST 12384 woapon which
(iit have soma stand-off capably
'8 Harrar update of sigteance wil begin in
tne early-1990s when naht attack capably
‘conferred on the GR.S fleet. Forward-looking
Infrared feoding a head-down dspiay. @ video
map poston incicalor and plot's night vision
‘goggles wit enable the aera toy nis usual
ontour-nuggng manner on any clea ngrt
"ese craiges fase Ne oesigtaton to
GAT, while the T. wit be a siniary-fites
‘conversion of the two seat T-4 lor wainng,
Longer term plans ae beteved to be under
‘orsideration for a Fue allweahor Hatter
‘maloying 2 tarain matching ayetem simile #2
that mocted for the Tarra,
ie tha maritme word. the last Ninrad MR 2
‘conversion was delivered in 1986, 10 oreaty
improve the detecton capablites of 18
Greup's aiboune submarine seccers. Nimrods
‘of 120, 201 and 208 Scuadrons at Kinloss
‘and 42' Squadron and 236 OCU (shadow 37
‘Squacron) at St Nawgen retain the ably to
calry underwng Sidewinder plus an art-shio
McDonnell D9ugias. AGM-S4A-1 Harpoon
the weapons bay, both inrocuced during the
Faldands war Howover, normal tactics are for
the Nimradito avoidconttontaton with anything
lwhioh can shoot back (it doee cary depth
‘charges to attack submarines), lemeg the
Buccancors ta tackle surface targets,
‘Nos 12 and 208 Squadrons (pus 237 OCU)
fy Buccaneer §.286 frm Lessiomouth, her
“nteipated. warime ‘ole beng ant'shipping
Srkecatiaek in the \edland:Fatoes geo and
Norwegian Sea, Unti recon 12 specalses
Ir operaions wen Doth radar homing and TV
{uided versions of the MATRABAe MARTEL
no 208 hac the AN/AVO-23E Pave Spike
loser designator ane ossocated Pave Way
‘uidanoe Keto for 1 00018 (464K9) bombs, shut
Snterader MARTELS,
From January 1986, tho longer rango (68+
miles/t09Ien) "8As Sea Eagle has. boon
Golvered as the Buccaneer's prime weanon.
Aircralt are. also boing relumed to BAe at
Woodord for an undete under ASR 1012
In bis programme, 42 arcraft are being
‘motiied between 1987 and 1989 wih a Fer
‘ani FIN 1063" nertal navigation system
{Gimer to he improved Jaguar. an update 12
the ‘dua Parct radar mosticaton of the
‘ABL 18228 radar warning receive io Guardian
200 standard; and. auuiton of ANALE:40
chaltflaresispensers. RAF Abingdon is under
{aking structural mocifications which wil 300
the Sea Eagle amed Buacanoors coving unt!
stloact 1995.
seven Boeing E-3A Sentry AEW.1s are due to replace the veteran
by the early 1990s. Here is a Boe-
Shakleton AEW.25 with 8 Squadron
ing artist’s impression of the type.
ial)
boro
‘Supportng services enjoy less ofthe limelight
apie of her wal role. Pixed-wing Varsports
‘re continuing with the. procesa 0! grading
begun curng tho Faklando war, and it le ox
posted that by tho ond of the year all tho
Uynokam Tesnsport Wing Hercules and 10
Squadron's Brizo Norton-based VC10 C.1s
wil fave been equipped to receive fuel i
fight.
“The rctary wing world wil remain essentially
the same unt 1993, wren the fest of 25 uty
EM EW-101Sis daivared rom Yeovl te begh
replacement of ihe Wessex — some of which
wil men be 20 years ot
Pumas 2f@ (0 be afound for seme sme
terete, as wil twherotor Chencoks. Detain
was erigialy intending to participate in the
European NF-00 prograrme, but pulad out
in 1887 when tides indicated thal army
Imobilty was betta served by a 38-seat
EH101 than an NH-90 with accommodation
fbr only 20 trooas.
Major changes in tre pict training syllabus
«ae inimmediate prospect folowing the March
1985 order for’ 120. Shortbuit EMBRAER
ENB:312G2s ~ to be known as the Tucano
Tr Atough AST #12 specited ay ofthe
shelf design which coula enter service eary in
1980, the Ministy of Defence was persuaded
(azparently by government pressure) to rer
fhe Tucano, which could only meet perfor
mance. raquvomonte it fied wih a now,
Righor powored engine: tho Garrett TPES31
Mariage of aiframe and engine has proved
tb be an unexpectady ‘roubesome process
By the enc 0! 1987, when 12 Tucangs wore
‘due ‘to bein opetation under a. revised
‘imtable, jst one had recent been deivered
1b Boscombe Down for pre-service tals.
‘Winen cleared fo! service, 7 FTS at Church
Fenton wil be the fst Flying Tranng School
‘equipped wih the new atcran as a repiace-
fnent or ts ageing Jet Provost T.SAS, Nearby
IETS at Lnton-on Ouse fs fo be nex, follow
‘ed by the RAF College at Cranwell and the
‘Contra Fiyng Scheolat Wedeingten. Unite wit
Tolan theirhit SA Jet Provoste, which act 0.3
Teadin to the Howe T 18 9f 4 PTS 3t Valoy,
whore future fast pilots are tained
‘No changes are anticipated in the shot term
atthe ofr two FTSs: No 2 at Shawoury with
Garele and Wessex heicoptes; and No B at
Finningeey, which employs Jetstreams,
Dominies ‘ind’ Jet Provost. T.5As. to. rah
navigators, a” electronics and af enginge!
cers. In Sita of datence budget whch vil
dectine mn teat terms by some 24% each of
the four years up 10 1969:90, the RAF can be
seen fo have mary interesting ard vital pre
‘grammes ea & looks forward beyond the thes
{ere and fen years allozatodte ita human aor
vateAFM’s Consultant
Editor, Mike Spiek,
heralded as ‘the
fighter pilots writer’,
has made a lifelong
study of air warfare.
In the first of his
series on tactics, Mike
makes a strong case
for the cannon in
air-to-air combat.
Lee aura
ae
Eo
LURING the decade folowing 1966, t
‘was widely supposed that the new ar
to er mission (AAMs) would rendor
the gun-armad figter recurdant. Range tests
on the AIM-7 Sparrow and All-9 Sidewinder
Generally gave kil probablites ofthe order of
Fo» 85 percent
2 fedling of euprotia prevailed a the
thought of mssies' that coue. vack ther
Targets anc. kil at prevously unbearcot
Fariges, Ts allude was akon to extremes dy
‘Some who corsigered that air defence could
be lett to the new wonder missiles, and
‘manned fgHere consignod to tho corap heap.
‘Thon camo the Vietram War, and wah ite
favll contracicticn that missile-armed fighters
ware being shot dawn by elderly museum
places armed with guns. The lesson was ha,
but well eemed. end todey all current and
projected fighters cary atleast ore gun. So ar
{2 is known, the MiG-31 Foxhound does not
Butsthe ‘aferaf is. intended or tho. pure
Intercepton rele, where the gun Is of Tess
Flecent cevelepments In agle ‘dogtgnt
masies have again caused the gun b be
{uoriod as an ar combst woepen. itis variously
Stes se being short anges lacking hiting
Npowor; uncutable fer madam conditions: and
fal, unecessery woignt
‘Short-angod certainly is. The average
20mm of 30mm. shel wil cary out to more
than two nautical mies (3.7km), abet with a
gravty drop of over 106M (30m), but amg
Problems precuce its efectve use at more
fran 3,000 ft (814m)
Hiting power another matter. Certainly
ach inaivasal projectie as far legs destruc
tre power thana single guided misole warhead
‘but (has far more capectty fr multiple is. ts
‘ultebilty ‘or madorn sonatone ean be judged
by the fact that it can be used irom wel aside
the minimum range of even the ltest dogfioht
masies (above 1.0O0'300n), Is. insiartly
‘avaiable, very relebe, and gives acredbe sell
efence capably ater al misies have Deon
eapenced.
Having said tis, it cen hardly be consi¢ered
‘unnecessary weight. Vihie te day may cone
‘when AAMStealy do render he gun obsoie%e,
that day Is not yet come, nor wil I for many
years
BIT
Histericaly, ony about one pilot avery ity
hha been much geoe at aio. gunnery. They
hheve beor tho natural shete, tho markamon to
whom shooting ata highly dynamic targat
‘Semee inatctwoly, rather than those. who
‘cpl themselves fo learn marksmanship as a
Sdence. This is because tho. problems of
‘dettng a prjectie to eve inthe same place
At tha sane time as a moving target are more
inwrastabie than mos!
‘Many deren forces act on a cannon shel
in fight. Fesiy tis expeleg rom the muzzle ot
the gu ata given velocity, when 1s marly
‘dependent on the. /ato of the mass of the
Drjectio against the force imparted By the
Coens
EAs nether
expancing gnoss from tho propellant charge,
‘Typical muzzle velecity is about 3 000R/sa¢
(damisee) Modtiyng factors are such tings
‘as bavrel wear and manuiacturng variations.
‘Secendy we have aerodynamic drag caused
by the air resistnce. While this can be
minimised by good. baliste qualties, 0
Smooth shape: corect lengih/calbre'rato;
‘Optimum rato of mass 0 ronta reacts. rag
‘Sti varabe wih alttuge (righ attude = nn
ar = fowar arag tian sea lve); and projectlo
Speed. From the instant the projectle feaves
tte muzze, aeodyramic drag starts to iow it
‘down st an smo fintoy varabe fate ascor-
‘ing to stmoeahere condivore. Yot another
arable enters hore in thatthe speed of te
{ing arcratis also Ingato the erowetie in
the form of tinal eneroy
“Thirdy we have gravity drop. Uke any other
ferm ot proce, be ita house trick or an
fron, @ cannon shell in ight fr a finte
length of tine before gravity pulls t earn:
wares,
ot 000m
0008 eae
Indeed
on = 2.7008,
oven #8)
‘ance
Fourthly, the fighter i fay unikely 10 be in
straight and level fight when firing, and any
Vertical or lateral forces exerted by the fighter
fon the gun wil be igartod to the project.
‘This soften called bullet tral
Fiealy, monoeuvrng Tight often causes the
‘gun lo Be lived inte what isknown asthe rave
{wie. In svaght andievel fight, the wind poss-
Ing the ‘fighter ie for al practical purpoooe
traveling palo othe longitudinal acs of ho
fighior. which ic gonevally to asic of tho gun
boresight tne ithe way the gun is pining) oF
very near it
Tn manoeuving fight the fghter wil offen
take up an angle of allack of 10. 20 or even
Fe degrees. The fighter will not be gong in
‘direction i is apparenty pointes, and he
felalve wid ‘wit Ines be consiceraby oft
Cente, affecting both drag and Wapecory. By
{he same token, the rotation of @ mut-baral
‘Gunalso has adverse ettects, es does vbvaton
Causes by tring.
“Tekiog al hese factors to secount, it is
nly reasorabie to dosenibe ar fo ar gunnery
ana hi and mee afar,
“Guns aso” nave’ an inhorent inaccuracy
caused by manufacturing tmeatons. Current
Sate of he artis betwoon four and six mis, a
mil Being the angle subtended by an object 12
in. (305mm) long at a distance of 1,000Kt
(G05m), There are 17% mis A ene degree of
ange.
A target with a wingspan of S5tt(10.57m)
\woud therefore subtend an angle of just two
Gogrees at a range of 1,000H (305m) seen
trom tal-on, and one degree at covbie 1
Gstence. Ot course, seen fom eacon it
‘woud subtend the same angle, but ming
‘woud be the last hing on the pilot's mind af @
Fange of 3051"
ut inis notwitstanding, « meoretcal accuracy
ot Between four and si mis Is qute good
‘enough forthe purpose, evan tating © opel of
Darel wear into accountZz
B com none a sree great «
Boe eae ie nas
ree seem ee
© calculated. When this is known, the correct
Z allowances can be made {or lead and Bites
eater
zo
Be ris al a
Pp retret
covert
te The favoured method in the two World Wars.
ay ceeucs need heater
Bernas oe oe rs ane
ray, os een
Sooo
Sa eee men eee
mee,
eet ne a py tis
Soa escent
CT I
el.
inte his own engnes.
The arswer, of cowse, le
In tat gro
biossing of eur age, the computer. All te nor
‘nation can bo fed to
ioject tonto the gunsight in an aary to
Understand mamer in hall & second or
thereabouts,
[Bul unike ANS, the fre centiol system of
wich flashes up alittle panel labelled shoot”
‘wnen the electrons have the problem licked,
the plot Nas 70 decige for hmsel when to
‘squeeze the tigger
‘Gunsights, Ike much ese, consist of varia-
tions on theme, athough they tend to have.
Certain things in common. They onract fight
datatrom the organic eyctoms and vaoradarto
ve accurate ranging information. Having
Arived ata solution, the sighting formation le
‘spayed on the combiner alass ofthe hesd.
up dsplay (HUD), focussed a irfinity so that
the pict can assiilate wat the sight taling
him wile eyetaling the target
The display usually, though not always,
—e
_
—-—
resents asightng dt, or pipper, surrounded
by.a cielo, which often contains renging infor:
‘mation. The display wanders around the HUD
{Glass as angle andioad changes, This typo of
Aspley is Known as acsturbed ratcle ey stor,
First is the predictor sgh, which ties
Dredit the future lie of sigh! to the twoet
based on present information combined with are:
‘sent angular rates of change. The future line of
sights Pat which a shel frec now woul pass
slong, and predets the path of the target one
shell me of fight in the future. This i fne pro-
‘ed that ne target 6 rot benaving erratically,
and tate fighters berg flown smoothly, But
Tajid coutee or speed changes tor to rake it
Unugable unt i ettles down agai,
‘Second i th se-caled “histrial”aystem,
‘his lepayo the point which a shel red one
time of fight 296, would through. Ile net
‘dependent on target miaroaunres. and i
better for snap stocting. proving tho pict
‘pens fe one tme of fhakt botore the pieper
reaches the target. The latest sicht systems
tend to use the best points of each type
EID
AS missies nave become progressively
more clever, nas beceme increasingly mar
ciffeut to know when the gun shoud be
‘employed. Contrary toa theory current about
ton yours ago. the gun shoud. not. be
coreidered 2 a piimary fighter weapon, But
fathor a6 @ backup. Let ve take a fow ox
‘amples:
© A bogey 1D o'clock at 6,004 (1,800m)
range is going away fem right tolot at 45 eg
‘angle off. You haul arourd and squseze of a
Lina(AM91 Siiowinder at him. He breaks and
‘pois the mssle shot but you pull oxra load
and take a front quarter snapshot ath wih the
gun As &folow-up weapon the cin i very
set
‘© Your wingman gets a vogey' rapped close
Inatsix o'clock. You swing i to Gear tof him,
‘The two ae 00 cose 0 use amissie; the gun
's the only recourse
‘© Your wingian calls a mssie break to ne
left. As you bresk, a bogey overshoots fast
‘end high You reverse eaiy, nose high and pull
——
lead for guns, The ‘bogey’ breaks hard encugh
toruin te snepsno, tut depletes is energy too
‘uch 10 be abe To reverse end taxe a Mesie
Shot at you es you dsenage.
ein’ headon pase tote offen no cther
\weaponit scquistonie at close range, Aboot
‘on gun pass 8 more deady than moot poopie
realise
7 ring, isainost
invariable « ruit-togey scenario Even i the
lengagonent dovs tum cut to be a two vorcus
two, thro can arly bo.a guarantea tha mors
bogeys witnot in n unexpectedly, ussaly #om
Out ofthe sun, and often tncoserves unit
Dearly to late.
This. means that sustained manoeuvring
after one targe! must be avoided, and that
energy levels must be Kept high. icealy the
Sle pass mssieklliethe way to go, butthe
possibiy remains that the fight may close to
Kole range. I 80, the tacking guns shot 's
viable option
* tracking chet oceure when the fight oan
Ine up on hs target, which aves the =ight
plenty of me 10 werk propery. It necwally
Commences. trem ‘utsie normal shooting
‘ange, and the fest thing isto get ino postion
ang sian cosng.
‘To track, a fignter must be able to equal or
‘exceed ne apparent rate al which me target is
{rose its nose. I tis cannot be done, the
{ightr wl not be able to maltain eneugh load
forthe Shot
‘Apparent crossing rate is generated by one of
two things. in astern quartr approach, 1.
[bw aepeottaget, most of the crossing rato fe
gonorated by target‘, or how hard hes tury
ing. From the ‘beam, apparent. motion ie
generated primanly by target spacd. From tis,
the fichterblct needs to judas his opponent's
energy stalus, and ron it, plan hs tuure
moves.
‘A tracking shat i feasible inthe folowing
corucmstances. Firstly when the taget seams
{o be unaware of the fotters presence
seconaly when nes not manoeuvring Ne air
erat the uimos!,traly when ‘he energy
Statue and potentol turn capabilty of the
fighter excoad those of the target by an
‘equate margin; ena feurhiy when both the
time and energy expenalture to obtan to fit
0 rot sulfciontiy excossive to leave. the
frohter winerable to & counterattack wom an
unseen boca).
“The fst fing ist ‘saddle up’. This involves
estabishing 2 positon in the booey's rear
‘quadrant and insde his tun, ane then moung
Intothe plane of motion of he arge, with pen
ty of excess ead ithe sph is ofthe astuied
‘etile type, anc it usualy is, me plot must
‘270d ushg ihe pipper as a poi’ oi reterence
at this tage, a9 twill be movirg ground, usual
1y in the wrong direction, The radome isa far
Bettor pent of relerenco
'A.commen beginners orrer is 40 use the
target's plane of symmoty asa reference: ft
is pulling high‘! ths will net matter too mich,
butat low ¢ itcan be very niseading, Once intho tergts lane motion, ta apperet nove
‘mert will hve eiopped, ard the am can be
fine tuned. The trget should now be ostaolsh
fed. inthe combiner glass of the. Hud,
Somewhere near the botion.
‘nce estebished inthe sada’. the pioper
can be brought into play. Betore this pont,
chasing the ppper sinply causes confusion,
but now, wih relative taxget notion stopped,
felaxing ne tun allows the target te ty up Be
soteen towards the pipper. Never Mly he
oper towards the target, ways te farget
fowards fe ploper!
“The actual pent at which t open fre
‘depends on several facters. fhe range 100
long, bulot dopersal wil_diute the hittng
power, and problems may bo ercountered
‘sith shell uring, rey con't hit hard enough,
they don't detonate
How ong s he pot prepared to concentrate
‘on one target tothe actson of keezing alooke
‘ut? Also, as the range closes, ne a necessary
{tc maintain lead increases tothe pout at which
\Roecomes impossibie. Final, one as o avoid
acalison!
\Winen te target ena the pipper maty coin-
cide, or praferably one shot te of Might
corer, open Tre wih a sustained burt (one
‘Second can be enough) to cbtan as many its
Inthe squreol cage of a multtbogey engage”
APM, APRIL
ment. is often mere tactically sound, 2s very
Ute tine will be apent on one adversary
‘Aganct a roaly herd tuning torget, it wil
cften prove impossible. to gonerate any
fverlead. and a snapshot is the enly recourse
(—_=z >
As wh the tracking shot, apparent motion
‘alos are generated Dy nigh 'g at low aspect
land velocky at nigh aspect. Wien one to go
for is a mater of personal choice In some
Cireumsterces: whether fo go for @ cick,
fard pul te ty '9 slow ho apparent motion for
an inplane shot, ofa lew ‘gout of sane and
line-up ane aqui. Th former tenet give tha
Dest results. but normaly cost eneray fal the
Dilot may wish he sill Rad ust we seconds
later
ortho low apparent moson target snapshot,
a small anount of excess lead shoud be
esiabished, and te tun tohtened as renge
‘loses. ror anigh apparent moton target, aot
ot exceso lod needed, wi what SmOunis
{0.8 colisioncourse rajoctr
‘he average enaporol demands somewhere
betwean 16 and 30 degroos of excose load
‘italy The is more than sufi’ fo tke tho
target out of te combine glass. o more ey
he was never realy init. Ou of pane manoeuvt-
‘ng shoud enable fe fighter it to kee siart
of i intended cin through the quarerght
2
Pita possble for an experienced pot take
4 snepaho! fom inaie the targer plane ef
ination, but this requ
Benestn the nose, and
course of heating whe out of sight this
‘methed wil bp rather less than affective
‘Of course fis cesrabie to get as near the
plane of motion of the target as possible, as
this gives the best chance of multiple hits i at
the moment of shooting, the fighters pulng
‘maximum ths wil sow the rate of apparent
motion, when nas ihe effect of increasing
You have manceusred: you heve cpered
fire. One of three thngs wil happen. Firstly.
{he target wil explode oF catch fre. This is net
the time fo admre your hanawork, get out af
the plane of motion, quickly. TMs wil take you
‘out of the region which your engne mart
‘ingest tying cetris ana foul up anyone whe Is
Wrecking you.
‘Secondly, you wil observe hits. Don't ot
there and goggle at it: a damaged on jour
score is better than noting. Break hard and
‘sess the stuaton before deciding to have
anather try.
“Thirdly. nothing ityou ae closing fast you
may be about to overshoot and become the
farget ie. your tum. Just remember all the
problems that you have had in sting up
shot, The bad guy has them too, and thstS ne
time to captaize on what you know.lee KONG AUAIE’
maa
Ee
ea eA
erin nt
ne cs
op | m4
BE the Royal Navy’s SAR unit based at Culdross, 771 Squadron, has
ngittogolng Wesiex HU 5 wth Sea King HAR SH, the
Saf ws strated har wering the Squats ete ea
‘of Clubs’ badge, (Rye! Nor)Maco a
Perec hi
POCO UOL GIG
es Cee
ear SCOT Ce i
Pe Uren rc)
cay i
mi
SEES
Ethiopians faced with
BrClETHIOPIA REVISITED
Ethiopia in resporse
rele effort to stem the ievinble
Fesuts of yet another year of
Giougt
I) 1980 the RAF spent sx
‘months aking dally food dios
the worstefiected drought ees of
northern Ethiopia ding Operation
Busho?. They werolate joined by
Soviet
helicopters.
Despite massive amounts of
money raised by Bob Geldo, the
Fad Gross and ether interational
‘agoncies, more than ailion peo
Be died i the farina of 1984ana
11880. Folowirg anctner asastious
lop falure in 1987 some the
Inllon people wore agen facing
starvation by the end of the: your
Tho problem heo been made
much worse by several guara wars
‘eng waged inthe cought aiken
prounces of Ertrea, Tire and Wolo
‘gains! the Governmnet of Pres:
dent Meraistu
‘On Novertber 28, 1987, folow-
{ng another urgent fequest for an
ait by the ICRC (hnternational
‘Cornmttes of he Fed Cross) and
LUNDRO (United Nations Dsaster
‘abet Organisation), @ Belgan Ar
Force C1304 left for Asmara Ft
Ertroaand was joned by a second
Delonge 20 Squadron ofthe 15%
As Transport Wing based at
Molsbroo, near Brussels
Carrying’ 18 ton loads betwoon
‘Asmara, Makale and Avr in Tor
and the Rad Sea port of Massawe.
the Hercules trast at 14,0001
‘over the northem highiands tht
Peak at 15,0004 in places, A
‘igh are unger Visual Fight Rules
(VFR) and as ai trate control S
‘ainost_nonexstent i the. war-
Z0n#3, a sharp lookout has to be
Imaletained or conticting miliary
ratio, particulary low flying
Ihefoopiers As ho Enroan guotiaa
Claimed to hava brought down an
Ethiopian Ar Fecon MG-21 In
Air Foro Mil M8, on sary 1
(God Ofve)Above Balgian Ale For
‘Asmera, ow: loading @ BAF Hork’ with Red eros 3
‘December wtha SAM, the throat of
‘boing evo at from the ground lea
hes fo be taken corounty
vary twenty days acrat, ai
coreus and ten mecharies ae ex:
anged. Apart fron the norma
fourman crew, plot, coplot
navigator and ‘oadmasier, the
‘Belgian Hercules cary end engines
to enable the airaft to stay ser-
Wiceable in. the hostile condtions
away fro Asmara, stone and Gust
Injestion end tyre damage ave the
‘main robles. Tho Beigim opera
tien mil contne atleast unt May,
‘Southorn Ai Tranaport (USA) and
Baar (Sutzerand) Supor Hercules
‘ara so invelved nthe elit aso
[Bn An-12 Cub in Asti colours
Which eperatoe out of Ado Abeba.
‘Tho Antonov is alo used for hing
people out of the famine areas tor
fe-settloment in other provinces.
Soma fvemlion people have been
moved under this unporular pro-
ame ran bythe Goverment’
fale! ang Hehabtation Commitee
(FRC) which operates a namiber of
Twin Otters and three ex Ethiopian
‘Arties ‘Dakotas. East German
‘mada tears alcing the retet et
{ort wore sugpcrted ty an East Ge
‘mon Ait Foren Antony Ar-28 Cur
ft Addis during January
Gendar, Ethiopia's olf capital
usted 748km north of Adie, 6
smple without the radar fi, tis soon here botwe
'30H, bearing UNO markings, makes lending,
His. ch Elon Aros
Dbecomngaa centre ter those
‘em the famine and fighting in near
EEthooian Air Fores and somenig |
‘ed Aeotiot Mil Mict7” Ain-F
heicopiers that ony inthe ror
‘ings when the at over the moun
tans is atts calmest
Wit ro easy end to the famine oe
the protacted quorll war 9 twoo|
‘ron, the Ethiopian government
Continue 10 rely on international
alts, both itary ard ii, forte]
forsesable futurePersonalised, embroidered
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