1

A STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE

WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO JAMMU CITY
(J&K)

SUBMITTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF IGNOU IN

PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THEIR REQUIREMENT FOR
THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF MASTER OF MASTER
DEGREE PROGRAM IN MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN
ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

Submitted By
-------------------
ISHVARA

Enrol. No-------------

Under the guidance of:

---------------------
Assistant professor, GCW PRADE GROUND JAMMU

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INDIRA GANDHI NATIONAL OPEN UNIVERSITY MAIDAN GARHI, NEW DELHI -
110068

A
PROJECT PROPOSAL
STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE WITH
PARTICULAR REFERENCE TO
JAMMU CITY (J&K)

FOR THE AWARD OF DEGREE OF

MASTER OF SCIENCE
IN

ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE

GUIDED BY: SUBMITTED BY:

Assistant professor ------------ -----------------------

INDIRA GHANDHI NATIONAL OPEN

UNIVERSITY
3
MAIDAN GAHIRI, NEW DELHI- 110068

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BIO DATA OF GUIDE

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 Project Proposal No. Annexure I

School of Interdisciplinary and Trans-disciplinary Studies (SOITS)

Indira Gandhi National Open University

Maidan Gahiri New Delhi- 110068

PROFORMA FOR APPROVAL OF PROJECT PROPOSAL (MEVP-011)

(To be attached with the proposal submitted to the Coordinator, Programme Study Centre)

Enrolment No-------------- Study Centre: --------------------

Mobile No-------------- Regional Centre------------------------

Name and Address of the

Student (Write your address
----------------------------
clearly).

Title of the Project MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE WITH PARTICULAR

REFERENCE OF JAMMU TOWN (J&K)

Name Designation and Address ----------------- Assistant Professor, GCW PRADE

of the Supervisor GROUND JAMMU

Is the Supervisor an Academic Yes / No

Counsellor of PGDEOH?

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 Annexure-II

CERTIFICATE OF ORIGINALITY

This is to certify that the project titled “

--------------------------------------------------------------------
-------------------------------------------------------------------------------------" is
an original work of the student and is being submitted in partial
fulfilment for the award of the Master of Science (Environment
Science) of Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU). This
report has not been submitted earlier either to this University or to
any other University/Institution for the fulfilment of the requirement
of a course of study.

Signature of Student : Signature of Supervisor

Place: Place:
Date: Date:

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 DECLARATION

I hereby declare that the project work entitled MANAGEMENT OF SOLID

WASTE WITH PARTICULAR REFERENCE OF JAMMU CITY (J&K) submitted to the
Indira Gandhi National Open University (IGNOU) DELHI, is a record of
an original work done by me under the guidance of Mrs---------
Assistant Professor, GCW PRADE GROUND JAMMMU.

This project MEVP-11 work is submitted for the award of the degree
of Master of Science in Environmental Science. This report has not
been submitted earlier either to this University or to any other
University/Institution for the fulfilment of the requirement of a
course of study.

Place:

Date:

NAME

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 ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
I Would most like to thank God for enabling me to
complete this project successfully. I would like to thank
from the bottom of my heart everyone who supported
me during this project.

I am honoured in having a marvellous opportunity to

acknowledgement my deep sense of gratitude to
GUIDE NAME for her guidance encouragement and
critical appraisal for inspiring me and giving me the
opportunity to make this wonderful project. This
assignment allowed me to gain a lot of knowledge.
I would like to extend my gratitude to my parents and
friends who helped me a lot in completing this project
within the allotted time. That is the only reason I was
able to build my project and make it an enjoyable
experience.

NAME
Enrol. No. ………..

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 CONTENT

Chapter No. Title Page No.

Chapter_1 Introduction 1-8

Chapter_2 Review and literature 9-15

Chapter_3 Research Methodology 16-22

Chapter_4 Data Analysis and Interpretation 23-52

Chapter_5 Finding 53-56

Chapter_6 Suggestion and Conclusion 57-61

Questionnaire 62-68

References 69-74

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

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 CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Solid-waste management, the collecting, treating, and

disposing of solid material that is discard because it has
served its purpose or is no longer useful.
According to world bank, Around the world waste generation
rates are rising. In 2020, the world estimated to generate
2.24 billion tons of solid waste, amounting to a footprint of
0.79 kilogram per person per day. With rapid population
growth and urbanization, annual waste generation is
expected to increased by 73% from 2020 levels to 3.88 billion
tons in 2050.
Solid waste management is one of the major problems faced
by different cities all Over the world. The problem is
particularly due to urbanization, industrialization, poor Urban
planning and lack of adequate resources which contribute to
the enormous amount of solid waste generation. This
problem has resulted in serious environmental, social and
Economic complications in the developing countries like
India. Population growth and Dynamic economic activities in
and around the city has resulted in a serious waste
management crisis.
One of the biggest environmental challenges which is world
is facing is the disposal of waste. The UN’s sustainable goals
program explicitly calls on business to help solve the world’s

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environmental challenges by 2030 by integrating change,
innovation, and creativity into their practices and initiatives.

CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

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 CHAPTER 2

REVIEW OF LITERATURE

The literature shows that there exists plenty of studies on

solid waste management and factors affecting waste
management practices, perceptions, behaviour, and
knowledge of individuals towards the waste management
practice. Some of the noteworthy contribution on
environmental assessment and management of solid waste
have been made which are as follows
• Sharholy and Ahmad (200) gives a review in his report
they discuss about the Qualitative and quantitative analysis,
characteristics and composition, Storage and collection,
Transfer and transport, disposals, and treatment of Municipal
Solid Waste. The study is concluded with a few fruitful
suggestions, which may be beneficial to encourage the
competent authorities/ researchers to work towards further
improvement of the present system.
• Hazra and Goel 2009 gives an overview of current solid
waste management (SWM) practices in India and suggests
solutions to some of the major problems and conclude Lack
of suitable facilities (equipment and infrastructure) and
underestimates of waste generation rates, inadequate
management and technical skills, improper bin collection,
and route planning are responsible for poor collection and
transportation of municipal solid wastes.
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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

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 CHAPTER 3

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

Research simply means research for the fact, answer to

question and solution to problems, typically the research
is carried out to test the appropriateness of existing
theory, it seeks to find explanation to unexplained
phenomenon, to clarify the doubtful facts and to correct
the misconceived facts. Research methodology may be
defined as a scientific undertaking by means of which
logical and systematized techniques aim at:
1. To discover new facts or to verify and test old facts.
2. To analyse their sequence, interrelationship and causal
explanation which
were derived within an approximate theoretical frame of
reference.
3. To develop new scientific tools, concepts and theories
which would facilitate reliable and valid study of law.

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STATEMENT OF PROBLEM
The identification and formulation of a research problem is a
vital and foremost part of the research process. An essential
aspect of the scientific method is the negation process, one
involving continual revaluations of existing hypotheses or
traditional research procedures and where these are found
wanting replacement of them with better ones.

OBJECTIVES
The research process invariably requires the setting forth of
objectives of the research which are beacon light for the
effective survey of the problem in hand, as the objective
provides a direction to the otherwise unguided ship to the
shore. The investigation on management of solid waste
with particular reference to Jammu city (J&K) is
proposed with the following aims and objectives
To study the rate of waste generation
To identify the sources and types of solid waste
generated in Jammu city
To analyse the impact of solid waste management
on environment in Jammu
To assess the knowledge, attitude, and practices
(KAP) of awareness level about solid waste
management in Jammu city.

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HYPOTHESIS
The term hypothesis can be defined as a proposition or
generalization which needs to be tested, a hypothesis
contains a possible solution to the research problem and as
such expected to be verified or 125 falsified by the
researcher.
The present study is also designated to test the hypothesis
formulated after intensive reviewing of literature pertaining
to “Municipal Solid Waste Management” problems as well as
the result of the pilot study. The hypothesis finally
formulated for the purpose of present study are as under
1. Provision of the Municipal Solid Waste Management Rules
2016 are effectively implemented.
2. Public at large is aware of the Municipal Solid Waste
Management Rules.
3. Municipal Authorities in Jammu perform their functions
effectively and efficiently.
8. Improper domestic solid waste management severely
affects the health of the people.

RESEARCH DESIGN
The working out the plan consists in reality of making certain
decisions with respect to what the study is about, why the
study is being made, where the data needed for the present
work would be found, what is the time required for its
completion, how much material or how many cases will be
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needed and what techniques should be adopted for
gathering data. The formidable problem that follows the task
of defining the research problem is the preparation of the
design of the research project popularly known as the
research design. It is the arrangement of conditions for
collection and analysis of data in a manner that aims to
combine relevance to the research purpose with economy in
procedure. Research design constitutes the blueprint of the
collection, measurement and analysis of the data.

UNIVERSE AND SAMPLE SELECTION

Empirical field study requires collection of first-hand
information or data pertaining to the unit of study from the
field. The unit of study may include geographical areas like
districts, villages, or cities, which are covered by the study, or
the institution or the households about which information is
available. The present study was conducted with respect to
the management of Municipal Solid Waste.
For the purpose of the present study district Jammu is
selected as the universe. The researcher has purposively
selected the City of Jammu. Moreover, the City of Jammu has
been selected as a Smart City under Smart City Mission and
one of the key objectives is to ensure clean, healthy and
sustainable environment. Out of the total 75 wards, 8 (10% of
the total wards) wards have been selected using proportional
sampling.

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SAMPLE SELECTION
It is impossible to study the whole universe and each unit of
the whole universe therefore a sampling method was devised
to study the universe. A simple random sampling is selected
in such a way that each person in the universe has an equal
chance of being selected in the sample; this can be done by
adopting the lottery method, Random number method
During the study collection of waste like commercial,
agricultural, operation, household, community, activities will
be collected from the study location. The main emphasize
will be on the practices for management of solid waste like
handling, segregation, mutilation, disinfection, storage,
transportation and final disposal.

SOURCES OF DATA

The two main sources of information relevant to the research

problem come from the inner world of the library and the
outside world of living people. Generally, the sources are
divided into documentary and field sources. The data for the
present study have been collected through primary and
secondary sources.

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The primary data were collected through interview schedule
and observational studies.
The secondary data are those already recorded for some
other purpose but used in research projects. The secondary
data was collected from records of Jammu Municipality,
State Pollution Control Board, Books, Journals, articles,
newspapers, magazines etc. for the purpose of the present
study.

CHAPTER 3

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

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22
 CHAPTER 3

DATA ANALYSIS AND INTERPRETATION

WORK AREA

Jammu is one of the major cities in UT of Jammu and

Kashmir. It is the winter capital of the Indian Union Territory
of Jammu & Kashmir. The city lies on the banks of River Tawi.
Jammu is also known as the city of temple. The city covers an
area of 240 sq km and is divided into 75 wards which are
grouped into 3 zones based on the passing of River Tawi from
the centre of corporation area. Zone 1 & 2 lie on the
northern bank of the river while Zone 3 is located on the
southern bank.
The population of Jammu has been recorded as 612,163
based on a census in 2011 with a representation of 52.7% as
males and 47.3% of females.

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EXISTING SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

There are 80 local bodies in Jammu and Kashmir responsible

for the waste management in the state;
Municipal Corporations………2
Municipal Councils ……………12
Municipal Committees…………64
Cantonment Board………………2

IMPACT ON THE ENVIRONMENT

Solid waste dumped on the land causes following impact on the
environment;
1. Ground water contamination by the leachate generated by the
waste dump

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 ANALYSIS OF THE RESEARCH DATA

The researcher collected the data from the questionnaire

which was given to Municipal Officers including Sanitation

COLLECTION OF DATA FROM JAMMU

PART A
The study of socio-economic background is very important to
understand the preception of the municipal authorities
regarding the solid waste management.
FIGURE 1
AGE OF THE OFFICERS OF THE MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY

Fig. 1 Shows the age of respondents (municipal authority) 40% fall in the Age group of 41-
50, 30% in 31-40,20% 51-60 and 10% fall in the category of 20-30 years of age.

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 FIGURE 2
EDUCATIONAL QUALIFICATION

Fig.2 It can be inferred from Figure 2 that 50% of the respondents are above
matric, 20% under matric, 20% graduate and 10% are post graduates.

PART B 1.
COLLECTION OF WASTE

FIGURE 1.2
Method of collection of waste.

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Fig.1.2 The above figure depicts that 96% of the authorities interviewed said
that house to house collection method is used to collect waste from the
localities and 4% say collection is done on pre-informed timings.

CHAPTER 5

FINDING

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 CHAPTER 5

FINDING

1. Solid waste management rules are not properly implemented by

the Jammu municipal corporation right from the collection to the
dumping of the waste. Despite the proper schedule for waste
collection, heaps of waste can be seen lying on the streets. Waste is
not transported in covered vehicles.
2. Awareness of solid waste management is probably low in
uneducated people. Literate people are generally aware of the
environmental problems but they are ignorant of any legislation
framed by the government for effective handling of solid waste.
3. Mostly people do not segregate waste at source and throw the
waste unsegregated in the community bins or to hand it over when
the waste is collected from their

CHAPTER 6

Suggestion and Conclusion

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 CHAPTER 6
Suggestion and Conclusion

SUGGESTIONS and CONCLUSION

The waste is collected by the respondents in plastic bags or

dust bins and disperse it in open or vacant plots. Sweepers
are engaged for sweeping the lanes and streets. The
tricycles, load carriers and tractors and trolleys are used to
transport the waste from various places to the disposal site,
various recyclable materials such as rubber, plastic, metal,
paper etc. are collected by rag pickers and segregated and
are finally sold in the market.
Despite the various new technologies that are emerging for
solid waste disposal, landfilling still remains the most
common solution.

SUGGESTIONS
It has been observed that there has been a lack of civic sense
among the general public and also lack of determination on part of
the municipality and Government in respect of solid waste
management. Therefore there is an urgent to organize mass

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 QUESTIONARRIES

A STUDY ON MANAGEMENT SOLID WASTE

IN JAMMU DIVISION

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 QUESTIONARRIES

A STUDY ON MANAGEMENT OF SOLID WASTE

IN JAMMU DIVISION

PART (A)
(RESPONDENT INFORMATION)
1. Name

2. Age

a) 20-30
b) 31-40
c) 41-50
d) 51-60
e) Above
3. Sex

a) Male
b) Female

4. Educational qualification

a) Under matric

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b) Above matric
c) Graduation
d) Post Graduation
e) Any other professional degree

PART (B)
QUESTIONNAIRE REGARDING MUNICIPAL SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

NAME OF THE MUNICIPALITY

DISTRICT WHERE MUNICIPALITY IS SITUATED

4. Where do you usually put away collected waste?

1. In the public bin

2. In the itinerant van
3. By the valley/lake side /river
4. By the road side or street side
5. On an open space
6. In a hole in own compound
7. Others

5. What kind of collection method regarding waste is adopted by

your municipality/

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1. House to house collection
2. Community bin collection
3. Any other please specify

) ………………………………..

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REFERENCES

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 REFRENCES

1. Abarca-Guerrero, L., Maas, G., & Hogland, W. (2013).

Solid waste management challenges for cities in
developing countries. Waste Management, 33(1),
220-230.

2. Sharma, A. (2015). Generation, composition and

management of solid waste in top Paloura,
Jammu (J&K). International Journal of
Environmental Sciences, 6(2), 213-218.

Signature of research scholar

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