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Human Physiology 3 Past Papers

HAVE A NICE REVISION AND SUCCESS

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552 views14 pages

Human Physiology 3 Past Papers

HAVE A NICE REVISION AND SUCCESS

Uploaded by

Iness Billyon34
Copyright
© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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= Mount Kenya ? a University So) UNIVERSITY EXAMINATION 202: 1/2022 SCHOOL OF NURSING DEPARTMENT OF MEDICAL PHYSIOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING REGULAR (DIRECT GROUP) UNIT CODE: BMP1202 UNIT TITLE: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY ti DATE: TUE 26™ APRIL, 2022 _8.00AM___ MAIN EXAM _TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS 1. Read the questions carefully and answer only what has been asked 2. All questions are compulsory 3. Section A: MCQ (30 Marks) 4, Section B: short answer questions 30 Marks) 5. Section C: Long answer/essay questions (40 Marks) 6. All questions must be answered on the examination booklet 7. Enter your registration number and NOT your name in the space provided on your answer booklet 8. Each candidate must sign in the examination attendance list 9. Omission of numbering of examination papers, questions or parts of question will result in 10% deduction of marks scored from the relevant part SECTION A-MCQs 30 MARKS: (CHOOSE ONE CORRECT ANSWER) 1. One of the fotlowing is responsible for the movement of 0; from the alveoli into the blood in the pulmonary capillaries XC Passive diffusion B. Filtration C. Facilitated diffusion D. Active transport Page | Thoracic pre Eyaernal int Diaphragm 7 es and lowers tary breathing is cou! trolled by 6, Involun les A. the pulmonary art g, the bronchioles C, the alveolar capillary network. D. neurons located in the medulla end pons. 7. Pulmonary surfectant increases; ‘fh, The surface tension of the fluid linins B, Lung compliance. C. ineffectiveness a the lungs are inflated. when pulmonary blood flow is interrupted. g alveolar walls. 0. In amoun Paper One Fase cerning ventilation of the lun; ¢ anatomic: = ‘al dead Space is th volume of air tal. i enter the alveg| es2n ln during a breath B. The physioto, = cal di i dead space. Bical dead space is alway: than the anatomical C. The anatomical dead s; Pace is independ e D. In an upright lung, the alveolar vente nidal volume. ‘ar ventilation is always highest at the base. In regards to control of respiration: A. The respiratory muscles have an intrinsic rhythmical actiuty. B. The basic neural machinery for the generation of the respiratory rhythm is located in the lower medulla. " C. Respiration will stop if all afferent nerves D. The intercostal muscles are the principal O.In the heart; . Connected to the AV node by fine bundles of Purkinyc © Paper One I4.SGLTI is a symporter that can be found in the small intestine. TI macromolecule that it transport is A. Fatty acid B. Amino acids ©. Monosaccrides D. Nucleic acids 1S.tncreased stomach pH is the consequence of: ie A. Increased G cell activity B, Damage to mucous cells C. Overexpression of chief cells D. Inhibition of parietal cells 16.The apex of heart lies at the level of ___intercostal space A. 3 B. 4™ cs D. 6* 17.At high altitudes all of the following things occur in an effort to acctimatize EXCEPT: A. Hypoventilation B. Polycythaemia C. increased numbers of capillaries per unit volume in peripheral tissues D. Pulmonary vasoconstriction 18.Regarding control of ventilation ‘A. The apneustic centre lies in the medulla B. The central chemoreceptors respond to changes in oxygen concentrations C. The chemoreceptors in the aortic bodies respond to a fall in arterial pH D. Peripheral chemoreceptors respond to decreases in arterial pO; 19.One of the following best completes the following sentence? The tendency for blood flow to be turbulent increases when there is a decrease in blood... A. Vessel diameter. B. Density. C. Flow velocity. D. Viscosity k a i Paper One Page mation of vein is called: A. veinitis B. phlebitis C. aneurysm D, varicose The following is Truc regarding bile salts Except: A. Are the only constituents of bile necessary for digestion B. Have a characteristic molecule, part water-soluble and part fat-soluble. C. Are reabsorbed mainly in the upper small intestine D. Are derived from cholesterol. 2.An the small intestine ‘The enzyme concentrati in the jejunum. B. Vitamin B12 is absorbed mainly in the jejunum. C. Water absorption is independent of active absorption of sodium and glucose. D. Absorption of calcium occurs mainly in the te on in intestinal juice is lower in the ileum than rminal ileum. 23.Local metabolic activity is the chief factor determining the rate of blood flow to the: A. Skin. B, Skeletal muscle. C. Lung. D. Kidney. 24.When CO; diffuses into blood in systemic capillaries most of It: ‘A. Remains in solution as CO: B. Converts to carbamino compounds C. Converts to bicarbonate ions in RBC“ D. Combines with Hb directly 25.Damage to this gland of the oral cavity would lead to an increase mm the concentration of triglycerides in the esophagus: A Von Ebner's 8. Submandibular €. Sublingual D. Parotid Y Paper One Page 3 on of left ventricular muscle increases when rhe strength of contract! ¥ ‘ sure falls. 4, End-diastolic ventricular filling pres &B. Serum potassium levels rise. C. Blood calcium levels fall. D. Strenuous exercise IS undertaken. 27,1n the electrocardiogram, ‘A. T wave is due to repolarizi B. PR intervai corresponds wi C. RT interval is related to ven D. RR interval normally varies during U ‘ation of the ventricles. th atrial depolarization. tricular action potential duration. he respiratory cycle. 28.Compared to the resting state, one of the following is true of the cardiac cycle during exercise? A. Even though heart rate increases, B. Systole remains the same but diastole decreases C. Systole increases and diastole remains the same. D. Both systole and diastole decrease, but there is a greater decrease in diastole. systole and diastole remain the same 29.The arterial oxygen content of a normal individual at sea level would be approximately _.. volumes % A. 20 B. 30 Cc. 40 D. 97 30.The blood vessels with the greatest compliance: A. Arteries B. Veins C. Arterioles D. Capillaries secngN He RCE ANSI ER QUESTIONS 20 MARES « Describe the mechanics of breathin; esi g in the respirator 5 k: a) List the reflexes in the colon. ee a wy wes ) Explain the gastric formation of Hydrochloric acid (HCL). «ene cere = een Paper One eee = Page 6 )) List tWo pancreatic hormones and the function of « ‘ach, (4 Marks) b) State bwo secretions of the stomach, (2 Marks) 4. Describe the electrical activity of heart, (6 Marks) L. Describe the circulation of blood in the heart (6 Marks) SECTION C: LONG ANSWER UESTIONS- 4OMARKS 1. a) Describe the chemical control of respiration, ‘ sol. Marks) b) Describe the oxygen hemoglobin dissociation curve, 3 : (6 Marks) et dart erenon 2. a) Describe the digestive processes of the gastrointestinal tracts (12 Marks) ‘b) Regarding the neuromyogenic control of F the digestive system, describe the motor activity of the gut (8 Marks) YOUR Lean TEL 79h so aes Mount Kenya a <3) University UNIVERSITY EXAMINATIONS 2019/2020 MEDICAL SCHOOL DEPARTMENT OF HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY BACHELOR OF SCIENCE IN NURSING REGULAR UNIT CODE: BMP1202 UNIT TITLE: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY IIT MON 9" DECEMBER, 2019 2:00PM MAIN EXAM TIME: 2 HOURS INSTRUCTIONS: ANSWER ALL QUESTIONS IN PARTS 1, I AND IIt PART- I- MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS (30 MARKS) 1. Reactive hyperemia refers to a. Tissue damage after prolonged lack of oxygen b. Sudden ischaemia due to constrictive obstruction of an organ Increased blood flow to tissues after temporary blockage Increased levels of urea in the bady due to poor kidney functions d. 2. Long term autoregulation of blood flow to tissues includes a. Permanent vasoconstriction of the peripheral blood vessels b. Weakness of the arterial capillaries Reduced cardiac output « Enlargement of the existing blood vessels a. 3, Proteins are transported into the tissues through ‘a. Pinocytotic vesicles on the cell membrane b. Passive transport across the membrane <. Diffusion past the plasma membrane d. Se. ‘cond messenger processes in the cells Cardiac contr: a b. Actility is defined as the ene of pecarial Cells to develop force at a given muscle cell fength and relaxation ns MUSKles to undergo one complete cycle of contraction © Pr ‘ Propane ouah bie the sinoatrial node initials a wave of contraction ction wave along the atrioventricular bundles In a normal sinus ry thm, the T wave correspond: ¢ ie a. Atrial depolarization moneensre &. Ventricular repolarization © Ventricular dépolarization dn Pulse conduction through the atrio-ventricular node Cells at the sinoatrial node a. Have increased density gap junctions b. Lack fast sodium channels, Have high propagation potential 4 Are larger than other contractile cells Coronary circulation provides blood flow to the a. Brain b. Heart Lungs d. Large arteries Positive respiratory pressure is a. Greater than the atmospheric pressure b. Less than the atmospheric pressure ¢. Equal to the atmospheric pressure d. Greater than the intrapleral pressure End diastolic volume is the volume of blood ‘a. Present in each ventricle at the end of ventricular systole b. Ejected by each ventricle during each ventricular systole c. Present in each ventricle at the end of ventricular diastole d. Pumped by each ventricle per minute Page 2 0f7 *h, a NUNICATIONS| Terese re 10, Anatomic dead space _ a : composed of all the non-f b. Has got poor supp ot blood tains large partial pressure of ure of carbon ai ro d. Is cree “ated by gases which do not actively participate in gaseaae come e other g Gaseous excl - str ICtures of the trate ory system 11. Whe! n the volume of the thoracic cavity 4 a. Intrapulmonar eeseses We ey ry pressure increases . Intrapulmonary pressure increases diczanes c. Intrathoracic is an greater than the atm. ¢ : \ospheric pressur The intrapleural pressure is equal to the atmocpherc i¢ pressure 12. Hypoxemia is the a, Decrease in oxygen delivery to the tissues b. Total deprivation of oxygen to the tissues c. Decrease in the arterial pressure of oxygen : d. Increased levels of carbon dioxide in the blood arbon dioxide and water to carboric acid 13. The enzyme responsible for conversion of ¢ is Carbonic reductase a. b. Carbonic anhydrase c. Carbonic tranferase d. Carbonic gluconase 14.In Hering Brauer reflex, a. Inflation of the lun stretch receptors promoting further lung expansion b. Deflation of the lungs gs activates pulmonary sing the depth of activates stretch receptors, increas ch receptofs inhibiting further respirations c. Inflation of tl ates pulmonary strete lung expansion stimulates the bar d. Inflation of the lungs reasing blood flow to the lungs he lungs activ: o receptors on the pulmonary arteries inet ACT VOU LEARNING PARTNER (EL yi escalation involves the ‘ases into the trachea from the nose spiration to avoid collapse 15, Mucocihi Movement of respiratory 9 trict of the bronchi during re from the respiratory systert pass along the respiratory systern mucus b. Dilatation and cons! Removal of trapped particles d. Warming of inspired gases as they membrane 16. The C- shapes tracheal cartilages a. Amplifies sound b. Aids in reducing airway resistance Increases the surface area for warming 0! 4. Allows for peristalsis in the oesophagus { respiratory gase? oxygen dissociation curve means thet y for oxyge ty for oxygen ation is decreased igen, the satur ind more oxygen MoLeCuies 17. The left shift of the ‘3. There is increased affinit b. There is decreased affini c. At any partial pressure Of ony d. Itis harder for the haemoglobin to bi tissues depends on 18. Blood flow to the f nutrients in the blood Concentration © bed in the tissues a. *b, The degree of constriction of the vascular c. Rate of blood flow to the peripheral vascular system d. Hydrostatic pressure on the tissues 19. Haldane effect refers to a. Reduced haemoglo! b. Enhanced binding of haemog| c. Increased affinity of haemoglobin to oxy! the alveolar level d. Low hooking of haemoglobin to ca in affinity to carbon dioxide after binding to oxygen Jobin to carbon dioxide at the tissue level gen after releasing carbon dioxide at rbon dioxide at the alveolar level 20. Hypercapnia is the ‘a. Increased rate of exhalation b. Increased rate of inspiration c. Retention of carbon dioxide in the be d. Increased in blood pH ody tissues Page 4 of 7 21. Deglutition refers to the @ Chewing food b. Swallowing food Food mor ve ‘ment along the digestive syst stem 22. One o : f i following is not a function of the g food with saliva = b. Compressing food into bolus ¢. Preventing aspiration d. Repositioning food 2. 23, In the voluntary phase of food swallowing, the food bolus is pushed By the tongue against the hard palate Towards the oropharynx Into the esophagus From the pharynx to the a b, € d stomach rinsic factor in the stomach 24, The intl a, Is necessary for fat digestion fase activity b. Inhibitions amy! ids in vitamin B12 absorption a Regulates all the tenzymes produced in she stomach e stomach @ a “ More acl will be pro juce : Isis will increas Peresonte ay d mag the aves 4 ture d. proteins I not denatut ti anu hydrates am ons abolis! of carbohy' vA jon of fats . , ; qnitiates = ; Paint wc ro ductio! f picarbon? mote: Pro! - cj page 5% 5 ) j A101 HOME activated by PARSING PARTRER a ty bone acid Cs lilt dame wthe testing , must be buffered to a. Reduce its osm wv for proper enzymatic ity Remove water content from the chime 9. Micelles are a. Produced by the pancrea’ b. Rele eo up into lacteal! 45 surrounded by bile salts d. Stored in the gallbladder ansamination is the 3. Synthesis of amino acids through the transfer of the amino group fem an amine acid to a carbohydrate Formation of ketoacids from the breakdown of lipids during starvation Formation of glucose from the breakdown of aminoacid chains in polypeptide chains 4, Synthesis of serum proteins from deamination of proteins and breakcown of lipoproteins PART- H- SHORT ANSWER. QUESTIONS (30 MARKS) 1. Describe the chemical regulation of heart rate. (6 Marks) 2. Describe the Renin-angiotensin mechanism. 6 Mar 3. Enumerate four functions of the respiratory system S) 4, State four aims of mastication. (a Marks) Page Gof 7 sonbe the proce & Mate four types of cells in the gastic glands PART. TH. LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS (46 MARKS) 1. The liver is one of the accessory organs of the digestive system & Descnbe the role af the fiver in fat metabolism b. Descride the role of the liver in body protective mechanisms 2. The lungs are the main organs of respiration a. Enumerate two roles of the nasal sinuses b. Describe the adaptation of the lungs to Its functions c. Describe the role of the lungs in the control of blood pH avolved in the formation Of hyde hier arc haves,

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