INGLSE MATURITÀ

BEP
The break-even point is the point at which total cost and total revenue are equal, meaning there is no
loss or gain.
In other words, the costs of production equals the revenues for a product.
This is an important calculation in a business plan because it’s where the expected return on
investment is realized.
The break-even point is an important data point that helps many business decisions. It also provides a
better understanding of the variable and fixed costs.

WHAT’S THE TOURISM MARKETING?

Tourism today is competitive, many companies offer similar services and products and so the
company must satisfed customers’ needs. Marketing is the process that identifies, anticipates and
satisfies these needs. Tourists are temporary customers, using and experiencing products for a
specific period. Marketing must consider strategies that promise a memorable experience, because
when the customers are satisfied can result in repeat sales.

MARKETING MIX
Marketing mix consists of 4Ps- Product, Price, Place and Promotion.
-Product is the most important P, because it is important to know what the product or service is and
what makes it unique.
-Price is determined by internal factors, like the cost of production, and external factors.
-Place is where the customers buy the product or service, like travel agents, tourist information.
-Promotion is how a company tells what’s on offer, including advertising, public relations and sales
promotions.
There are other factors: People, Process, Physical Evidence and Passion.
-A careful selection of staff chooses the right people that work in the company, they must have
motivation and a positive image.
-Process is all the procedures and the effect that delivers a service.
-Physical Evidence is the material of a service.
-Passion is the company’s enthusiasm for its products and services.

MARKET RESEARCH
Marketing research is used to find out potential new customers' specific needs. It measures
satisfaction. The companies build customer profiles, in which they understand who the customers are
(age, nationality, location …). Companies can use questionnaires or focus groups asking the right
questions.

WHAT’S ADVERTISING?
After the research the companies must inform the customers about what they have to offer. They can
use brochures, newspapers, posters, internet social media and sponsors. They must use a lenguage
according to the target.

PROMOTING DESTINATIONS: DESTINATION MARKETING

Destination marketing promotes a town, city, region or an entire country for attracting more visitors.
The advertising companies are often created by national or local tourist boards.
It’s impossible to attract every type of tourist, so it’s important to target the right marketing segment. A
segment is a sub-group of tourists that have the same characteristics like country of origin, age or
religion. The factor to take into consideration is Geography, attraction and activities, accessibility,
accommodation and economic e commercial factors.
The first step when the target is decided is creating an advertising slogan, which promote the
destination and conviced tourist to visit it. ( slogan “what happens is Vegas, stay in Vegas”)
Then the destination needs a logo, like a word or symbol that represents the area. D
The destination is promoted by brochures, magazines, television commercials and Internet and social
media.

MARKETING IN A DIGITAL WORLD

Marketing is conditioned by digital technologies like websites, social networks and hashtags.
Websites can be considered online brochures that give information to customers.
Social networks use targeting to find potential customers. Interests, hobbies, pages are analyzed and
used by companies to send specific ads to people.
Hashtags are a free advertising tool for a tourism organization that reaches hundreds of potential
travelers. Promoting and monitoring these is an important aspect of tourism marketing and they are
useful for market research.

EUROPEAN DESTINATIONS
Europe has so much to offer: different cultures and climates, beautiful and diverse landscapes and
cultural heritage. When you travel, you will quickly realize how useful English is. Europe Destinations
of Excellence is a project promoting sustainable tourism in the European Union in less well-known
destinations.

UK AND LONDON ATTRACTION

The UK is made up of 4 countries: England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland. Great Britain
refers only to England, Scotland, Wales.
The UK offers a vast cultural heritage, with monuments, museums ( The natural History museum) and
art galleries, a fascinating history with invasion, wars and empire, the capital city, attractive cities and
towns like Brighton and Liverpool; a variety of landscapes that offer different types of holiday, and a
good transport system.
London is the capital and it’s the second most visited city in the world. There are so many things to
see like Buckingham Palace and the Changing of the Guard, Trafalgar Square, the Tower of London
and Westminster Abbey, Big Ben, Tower Bridge and the House of Parliament, visitors can shop in
Oxford Streets and Harrods and relax in parks. (London is one of the greenest cities in Europe).

ROMAN AND MEDIEVAL LONDON:

The city was destroyed by fire and rebuilt with a defensive wall. The area inside the walls is known as
the Square Mile or The City and is the financial center of the UK.
Tower of London to defend the city from further invaders. Westminster Abbey where British monarchs
are crowned and buried.

VICTORIAN LONDON:
During Queen Victoria’s reign (1837-1901) London expanded and became the capital of the world.
The world’s first international technology and manufacturing Expo, the Great Exhibition was in 1851.
These include The Natural History Museum and the Victoria and Albert Museum.
Many of London’s most iconic stores are Harrods.
During Victoria’s reign, railways were built linking much of Britain to the capital, as well as the world’s
first ever underground railway( nicknamed “The Tube”) which opened in London in 1862.
Other famous Victorian landmarks in London are Big Ben and the Houses of Parliament, Tower Bridge
and St. Pancras Station.

TOP LONDON ATTRACTIONS

The British Museum is mainly famous for its collection of Egyptian mummies, the Elgin Marbles and
the Rosetta stone.
Two important Tate museums are :
1. Tate Britain: is a large collection of British art.
2. Tate Modern: holds the national collection of British art with international modern and contemporary
art.
Trafalgar Square is an iconic landmark and it is considered the center of London. There is Nelson’s
Column.
The National Gallery is an important building. Piccadilly Circus is a busy crossroads in the West End
of London. It is recognisable for its video display and neon lights.
The London eye is a ferris wheel that dominates the skyline, where there are great views of London.
London also has a series of beautiful parks like Hyde park, Green Park, St. James’s Park.

VISIT ENGLAND:
THE SOUTH COAST=
Brighton is popular for its lively nightlife, art scene and trendy cafés. Top attractions include the
magnificent Brighton Pavilion ( royal residence) and the funfair in Brighton Palace Pier.
Bognor Regis on the “Sussex Riviera”, is a popular holiday destination and the sunniest place in the
UK.
The Jurassic Coast is one of the 30 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the British Isles. The site offers
geological history.
The New Forest was once a forest and is a spectacular home to thousands of ponies.

THE MIDLANDS=
Birmingham is known as the UK’s second city.
Is also a shopper's paradise. The “Bullring” held its first market in the Middle Ages.
The Peak District in 1951 became the UK’s first national park.
Nottingham is a great base from which to explore Sherwood Forest Nature Reserve, legendary home
of Robin Hood.

THE NORTH=
Manchester is the key to the Industrial Revolution. Visitors can trace this heritage at the interactive
Museum of Science and Industry. Is also a modern city with a legendary music scene.
Liverpool was once one of the richest cities. Today many tourists make the pilgrimage to Liverpool to
visit the home of The Beatles.
York is a Roman city with impressive city walls.
The city is home to the UK’s most important Viking excavations.

OXFORD:
Oxford is a famous city with:

- Carfax Tower: with clocks and bells. - Saint Mary the Virgin
- Christ Church College - Radcliffe Camera
- Tom Tower - Bodleian Library
- Christ Church College Cathedral - Covered Market

CORNWALL:
It has 300 miles of magnificent beaches. There is the Lizard Peninsula, the most southerly place in
Britain and has the warmest climate in the UK. There are also fishing villages and colorful boats.
Cornwall is rich in ancient mythology:
- Tintagel Castle: the birthplace of King Arthur.
South West Coast Path: has coastguards to watch out for illegal activity.
Land’s End, St Ives.
Eden Project is the largest indoor rainforest.

SCOTLAND:
Scotland occupies the northern third of Great Britain. There are about 800 islands. Scotland is a small
nation proud of its past heritage and impressive landscapes like coastline.
The most visited towns and cities are Edinburgh (the capital), Glasgow, Aberdeen and Inverness.
Scotland is a multi-ethnic country with different accents and dialects.

HIGHLAND HIGHLIGHTS:
Highlands is Scotland’s most visited region and popular for seeking outdoor activities. Loch Ness is
visited by lots of tourists.
Highland Games there are some traditional Scottish festivals like dancing competitions and sports
events.
Local food includes haggis, porridge, kippers, salmon and to drink whisky. There are also lobster and
crab.

EDINBURGH:
In this city you can visit:
- Princes Street: is a beautiful street with shops on one side and gardens on the other separating the
New Town from the Old Town.
- The Scott Monument: is a tribute to the writer Sir Walter Scott and it is the largest monument to a
writer in the world.
- National Galleries of Scotland: which house artworks by many old masters, including Titian,
Leonardo Da Vinci, Raphael, Monet, Degas and Constable.
- One o’clock Gun: fired at 1 pm at Edinburgh Castle and can be heard all over the city
- Edinburgh Castle: which dominates the city skyline
There is also a ghost tour to learn about the terrible activities of the past.
- Palace of Holyroodhouse: is the Royal family’s official residence.
- Scottish Parliament
- Old Town: has beautiful stained glass windows
- The New Town: with Georgian architecture.

NORTHERN IRELAND
Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom and shares a border to the south and west with the
Republic of Ireland. The capital city is Belfast and there are some tourist attractions like: Titanic
Belfast, a museum because this famous ship was built in the city.
There is also Giant’s Causeway, a spectacular rock formation composed of hexagonal basalt columns
emerging from the sea. Legend says that it was built by giants as a road between Ireland and
Scotland.
There are two big lakes in northern ireland:
1. Strangford Lough
2. Lough Neagh (the largest freshwater in UK).

DUBLIN (fotocopia)
Dublin, capital of the Republic of Ireland, is on the island’s east coast at the mouth of the River Liffey.
There are:
- the Dublin Castle
- St Patrick’s Cathedral
- Trinity college (University) where famous writers such as Oscar Wilde studied.
- The book of Kells: a manuscript of the four Gospels of the life of Jesus Christ
- St Stephen’s Green is a city park that includes Dublin zoo and is one of the largest parks in Europe.
The park includes a waterfall, lake, children's playground and a garden with a large number of
sculptures.

CORK:
Is in the southeast, is a seaport and the Republic of Ireland’s second largest city. It has traditional
pubs with live music sessions. This city began life on an island in the River Lee, connected to the sea
by Cork Harbour. There is also the University college and the St Fin Barre’s Cathedral.

LIMERICK:
The town or Limerick stands on Ireland’s longest river, the Shannon, and has a Viking past. There is
King John’s Castle, and is one of the best preserved Norman castles in Europe.
St John’s Square has notable examples of Georgian townhouses.

JOYCE
Joyce’s stories focus on two themes: paralysis und epiphany
Paralysis is a physical and mental condition characteristic to modern men, the consequence of a
frenetic and impersonal life can have different sources like the frustration of work, an unhappiness
marriage or relationship. The protagonist has a desire but they can’t realize it because of the
circumstances like family, culture, religion and then it’s impossible to react.
In fact, eveline, the protagonist, has the opportunity to leave with her boyfriend but in the end she will
remain stuck in her house
The epiphany is a sudden revelation in the life of the people caused by a gesture or sounds in a
normal situation but which reveal something deeper and more significant.
The epiphany in eveline is when eveline hears the organ playing and she will get stuck, Frank will call
her but she won't answer.

USA E NY
The US border with Canada in the north, Mexico in the south, Atlantic Ocean in the east and the
Pacific Ocean in the west. It has a variety of climates and landscapes with mountains, deserts, lakes
and islands.
Attractions can be divided into: natural sites like Grand Canyon, Yellowstone Park and the Great
Lakes; Cities such NY, Orlando, Boston; Historical and cultural destinations such
Independence Hall; festival and sporting events like Halloween, Thanksgiving and the Super Bowl.
The cultural heritage is enormous and tourists can find examples of Native American and European
culture.

NY-the big apple

New York City is made up of five areas called “boroughs”: Manhattan, Queens, Bronx, Staten Island
and Brooklyn
ICONIC LANDMARKS
Around Manhattan visitors are amazed by the towering skyscrapers
- One World Trade Center
- One World Observatory is on the 100-102th floors and offers the highest panoramic view in Nycity
- The USA was one of the major exponents of the French Art Deco style, with practical geometric
shapes, decorations inspired by Native American artwork
- Chrysler Building is an iconic part of the Manhattan skyline and is one of the world’s best examples
of Art Deco. It was the tallest building in the world before the Empire State Building
- The Empire State Building it’s the second tallest building in NY
- The Top of the Rock, an observation deck at the top of the Rockefeller Center, gives visitors another
fantastic vista of NY
- Catacombs, an underground shopping mall
THE WATERSIDE
Waterside attractions
- Brooklyn Bridge, it’s 1.6 miles long and connects Brooklyn to Manhattan over the East River
- in NY Harbour there are frequent combined boat trip tours to the Ellis Island Immigration Museum
and the Statue of Liberty
- The Statue of Liberty was a gift from the French to the USA to celebrate friendship and democracy

AMERICAN CUISINE
American cuisine has many regional varieties, determined by ethnic groups and immigration. Native
American cuisine has a rich culinary culture, based in hunting, fishing and agricultural traditions. In
Louisiana you can taste gumbo, a stew with meat of shellfish, celery, peppers and onions.
In South Dakota you can try the famous cake with fruit brought to the USA by Germans. Italian food is
also very popular, but it has been adapted to local tastes.

ART GALLERIES
The Metropolitan Museum of Art attracted huge numbers of visitors. It houses works of art from
ancient Greece and Egypt and European and American masterpieces. There are also collections of
Islamic, Indian and African art.
The Guggenheim Museum has a distinctive spiral shape and there are guided tours of both the
buildings.
The MoMa was the first museum dedicated exclusively to modern art. It holds works of art by such
great names as Van Gogh, Picasso , Dalì and Pollock.

USA (personale)
in USA I would like to visit New York in Christmas time because I always wanted to go there in
Christmas for the atmosphere, lights, big Christmas tree and then I would like to visit the city like
statue of liberty, times square, empire state building, Central Park, Wall Street and the rest of the twin
tower.
then I'd like to visit Los Angeles for Hollywood and because it's one of the biggest movie cities and the
Universal Studio of Hollywood and the famous Walk of Fame
then Washington for the Campidoglio und Casablanca
i would like to visit seattle for gray's anatomy hospital and station 19 another tv series and the famous
ferry boat
even Las Vegas for the arcades and Casinos and city vibe
miami for the csi series miami
and the famous Grand Canyon because it fascinets me and it’s a natural wonder.