2 Vector

Scalar Quantity Vector Quantity 1. In vector +ve and –ve indicate direction only.
Ex- +5N and –5N, same magnitude of
€ Having € Having Magnitude,
force in opposite direction.
Magnitude only direction and
follow triangle law 2. 
Angle between vector – When two
of vector addition. vectors are placed head to head or tail

€ Follow simple € Can be changed

to tail then smaller angle between vector
is called angle between vector.
algebric addition by changing
magnitude only, or
changing dirn only
or changing both. Xβ
θ
€ Can be changed
3. Vector can be shifted parallel to itself by
only by changing
keeping magnitude cmd direction fixed.
its value
4. 
Rotation of vector not allowed it will
Ex-Speed, time, Ex-Force, Velocity,
change meaning of vector.
Mass, Volume, current density,
density current, torque etc. If Angel between A and B vector is θ
5. 
etc.
then angle between A and -B is (180-θ).

Type of Vectors
Type Magnitude Direction\Angle

Equal Vector Same Same (θ = 0)

Parallels Vector May or May not same Same (θ = 0)

Opposite Vector or Same Opposite θ = 180°

Negative Vectors

Antiparalles Vector May or May not same θ = 180° opposite

Orthogonal May same θ = 90°

Zero/Null Vector Zero any direction

A
Unit Vectors One A =
A
€ All equal vectors are parallel but all If vector is making an angle α, β and γ from
parallels are not equal. 2
x, y and z-axis respectively then cos α +
€ All opposite (Negative) Vectors are 2 2 2 2 2
cos β + cos γ = 1 ; sin α + sin β + sin γ = 2
Antiparallel but all antiparallel are not
Opposite Vector Ax Ay Az
cos α =    cos β =    cos γ =
A A A
Component of Vector (effect of Vector) Triangle Law of Vector addition

B R B sin θ
A Ay = A sin θ B tan α = A + B cos θ
θ α θ resultant must be
θ
A in the plane of
Ax = A cos θ
A and B .

B B cos θ R = A2 + B2 + 2AB cos θ

θ If θ = 0° θ = 90° θ = 180°
Rmax = A + B 2
R = A + B 2 Rmin = A – B
Bx = B sin θ
Magnitude of Vectors : A–B≤R≤A+B
If A = B = A and Angle b/w them θ
A = Axi + Ay j + Azk
R = 2A cos (θ/2)   D = 2A sin (θ/2)
2 2 2
A = Ax + Ay + Az

θ = 0° θ = 60° θ = 90° θ = 120° θ = 180°

R = 2A R = 3A R= 2A R=A R=0
D = 0 D = A D= 2A D= 3A D = 2A

Vector Subtraction A = Ax i + Ay j + Az k and B = Bx i + By j +

5. 

Angle B/w A & B is θ then D = A – B Bz k then A + B = (Ax + Bx) i + (Ay + By) j

+ (Az + Bz)k
D = A2 + B2 – 2AB cos θ
6. 
If |A + B | = |A | = | B | then angle between
θ = 0° θ = 90° θ = 180°
Dmin = A – B D =A+B A and B is 120°
D = A2 + B2
7. 
If |A | + | B | = |A + B | then angle between
A– B ≤ D ≤ A + B
A and B is zero.
1. 
Magnitude of Vector addition and
subtraction same at 90°. 8. 
If A + B = A2 + B2 then angle between
2. 
A + B = B + A       Commutative A and B is 90°.
3. n(A + B ) = nA + n B    distributive 9. 
If |A + B | = | B – A | then angle between
A – B ≠ B – A
4. 
A and B is 90°.

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Physics
Scalar Product (Dot Product) B sin θ =
A×B
= component of B
A
B perpendicular of A

θ R = A×B
A Place your finger of right hand along A
A · B = A(B cos θ) = A(Component of B along A) and slap B then thumb will represent R .
= (A cos θ) B = B(Component of A along B) i × i = 0 = j × j = k × k

A·B i × j = k      j × i = –k
Component of B along A =
A j × k = i      k × j = – i
A·B k × i = j       i × k = – j
Component of A along B =
B
i j k
€ Result of dot product is always scalar. A × B = A x Ay A z
i · i = 1    j · j = 1    k · k = 1 Bx By Bz

i · k = 0    j · i = 0    k · j = 0 = i (AyBz – AzBy)

A · B = (Axi + Ay j + Azk) · (Bxi + By j + Bzk) – J(AxBz – AzBx)
= AxBx + AyBy + AzBz + K(AxBy – AyBx)
 Unit vector does not have any unit only
Application of dot Product have direction and magnitude one.
(i) To Find Angle B/W vectors  Minimum no. of vectors whose resultant
can be zero is '2'.
A · B = AB cos θ
 Minimum no of unequal vectors whose
A·B
cos θ = resultant can be zero is 3.
AB
(ii) To check unit vector  The resultant of 3 Non- coplaner vectors
If A is a unit vector then A · A = 1 can't be zero.

(iii) To check perpendicular vector  Minimum no of Non-coplaner, vectors

(orthogonal) whose resultant can be zero is 4.

If A · B = AB cos 90° = 0 If |A х B | = 3 A � B then angle between

Q. 
A · B = 0   (A ┴r B ) A and B is?
(iv) To find component of one vector along n
Sol . AB sin θ = 3 AB cos θ
other.
A · B = A(B cos θ) tan θ = 3 ⇒ θ = 60°
€ Division of vector with vector is not possible
A·B
B cos θ = = Compn of B along A
A € Division of magnitude of vector is possible
Cross-Product : [Vector Product] € Vector can be divided by scalar.
A × B = AB sin θ n € If vector multiplied by positive scalar then

n is direction of A × B which is magnitude change direction remains same.
perpendicular to A & B . € If vector multiplied by negative scalar then
(A × B ) · A = 0   (A × B ) · B = 0 magnitude change direction becomes opposite.

13
Vector
€ Scalar triple Product : Q. In which of the following combination of
R = (A × B ) � C Result R will be scalar three force resultant will be zero.
and R will be zero if any of these two (a) 3N, 7N, 8N
vector becomes parallel. (b) 2N, 5N, 1N
Q. Ramlal is moving with velocity 6m/s
(c) 3N, 12N, 7N
along east and pinky with 6 m/s at 30°
(d) 4N, 5N, 10N
east of north then relative of pinky w.r.t
Ramlal. n
Sol Sum of two smaller must be greater or
rd
Sol. VPR = VP–VR same vector ka subtraction at equal to (3 ).
60° |VPR| = 6 m/s € Polygon Law of vector addition

Start tail of next vector from head of

Q.  Vi = 10 m/s
previous vector and so on.
O
Change in speed = 0 magnitude C
A + B + C= R
of change in velocity = 20 m/s R
Vf = 10 m/s

B
Q. If A = 0.6 i + β j is a unit vector then
find value of β. A
n
Sol |A | = 1 if A is unit vector B A + B + C= O
2 2 C
(0.6) + β = 1
A
β2 + 0.36 = 1

€ Angle between (A × B ) and (A + B ) is zero
β = 0.64 = 0.8
Q. Force acting on object F =5 i + 3j – 7k
Q. Two force 10N and 6N acting then find position vector r =2i + 2j – k then find
resultant of these two force may be? torque ?? (NEET 2022)
Soln 10 – 6 ≤ R ≤ 10 + 6
R will be 4N to 16N i j k
Q. The angle which a vector i + j + 2k
2 2 -1
makes with x, y and z-axis 5= r × F =
5 3 -7
Ax Ay Az
cos α = cos β = cos γ =
A A Z 
i (–14 –(–3) – j (–14 – (–5) + k (6–10)

α = 60° β = 60° γ = 45° –11 i + 9 j – 4k



MR*
viuh i<kbZ NksM+ tks rsjs ihNs pyk vk;sxkA
oks [kqn dk uk gks ldk] rsjk D;k gks tk;sxkAA

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Physics