KOLEJ KEMAHIRAN TINGGI MARA LEDANG

Flashflood in Kelantan 2014

Radiology/ semester 1

GROUP MEMBERS : AMIR NAJMI BIN SHAHRIZAN(DG12112)

LECTURER: THERESA MARION

1.0 Introduction 1
2.0 Method of Gathering Information 2
3.0 Findings/ Discussion 3 - 10
4.0 Conclusion 11
5.0 Individual Reflection
5.1 Member 1 12
5.2 Member 2 13
5.3 Member 3 14
5.4 Member 4 15
5.5 Member 5 16

REFERENCES
1.0 INTRODUCTION

Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. It happens when excessive water
is collected in any area. It usually happens due to heavy rainfall. India is highly prone to
flood. There are many regions in the country that face this natural disaster because of
the overflowing of rivers. Moreover, it also happens because of the melting of snow.
Another reason for floods is when the dam breaks down. If we look at the coastal areas,
the hurricanes and tsunamis are held responsible for causing floods. In this essay on
flood, we will see the prevention and after-affect of flood.

CAUSES

Flash floods most often occur in dry areas that have recently received precipitation,
but they may be seen anywhere downstream from the source of the precipitation,
even many miles from the source. In areas on or near volcanoes, flash floods have
also occurred after eruptions, when glaciers have been melted by the intense heat.
Flash floods are known to occur in the highest mountain ranges of the United States
and are also common in the arid plains of the Southwestern United States. Flash
flooding can also be caused by extensive rainfall released by hurricanes and other
tropical storms, as well as the sudden thawing effect of ice dams. Human activities
can also cause flash floods to occur. When dams fail, a large quantity of water can
be released and destroy everything in its path.
2.0 METHOD OF GATHERING INFORMATION

We use the method of collecting data through google such as WIKIPEDIA Article,
Newspaper Article, YouTube, Online Article, Online Magazine and Pdf Journal.
3.0 FINDINGS AND DISCUSSION

Due to the geographical location adjacent to the coast of South China Sea and
the expansion of settlements on plain topography, a majority of the population in
Kelantan are highly exposed to floods, especially during the northeast monsoon
seasons occurring from November to March. Floods have been recorded in the state
every year over the past decade (Figure 1). Small floods are frequent, occurring
every 2-3 years on average while large floods are generally less frequent.

The December 2014 flood in Kelantan was unprecedented and the largest recorded
flooding event in the century. The flood was preceded by more than a week of
continuous rains, with intense raining period from 14th to 19th December 2014 with
rivers exceeded the danger level by 17th December. This was an extreme event of
increased discharge that resulted from a shortterm imbalance between the input and
output of water discharge in the channel. As the discharge increased due to intense
and prolonged rain, the massive water volume surged into the tributaries of Galas
River and Lebir River and thence into the bottleneck of the main Kelantan River,
causing water to overspill the banks in the surroundings of Dabong, Gua Musang,
Manik Urai and Kuala Krai. The situation was exacerbated by tidal impact from the
coast

In the past, locals residing on the floodplains or low-lying areas in Kelantan are
generally accustomed to recurrent floods and have traditionally adapted to the
phenomena through appropriate dwelling architecture and practices. As the rate of
development escalated settlements expanded in the floodplains. The advancement
of the technology contributed to change the flood adaptation approach over time.

In an attempt to protect the built-up areas, various structural measures were taken
including the construction of levees and development of more efficient drainage
systems, thus resulting in less frequent floods in the economically important areas.
These measures contributed to a deceptive sense of security and overdevelopment
in areas adjacent to the major rivers. Recent development saw the cessation of
stilted and elevated houses and other practices that are more adaptable to floods.

This may have been a contributing factor to the severe impact experienced during
the flood event in 2014.

During the flood, large parts of Kelantan were inundated, causing the relocation of
as much as 151,072 residents on 29 December 2014 (Bernama, 2014) and 10
deaths (e-banjir, 2014). In Kuala Krai, hundreds of the flood victims residing in the
low floodplains fled to nearby mountains and were trapped there for several days.
The estimated losses is about 2.8 billion ringgit. The actual losses are higher
considering loss of economic productivity, compensation to victims, reconstruction,
among others flood. This contributed to the large amount of sediment deposition
along the river as the flood waters receded. The topography along the river has
changed significantly due to this process

At Kampung Tualang Bridge overlooking the Dabong train station, the flood level
was at the height of a fourstorey school building It was reported that during the onset
of the flood, residents had to abandon the building, which served as a shelter and
take temporary refuge on a nearby bridge of higher elevation. The Galas is a
tributary of the Kelantan River with high flow that meanders through Kuala Krai and
Gua Musang. The river was expanded after the flood with significant erosion of the
river bank and damage to vegetation ,Land clearing has been identified as one of the
factors that contributed to the unprecedented degree of erosion and sedimentation.
Land clearing was observed on the hillslope upstream next to the Galas River, while
an extended point bar was formed from sediments deposited during the recent flood
Sedimentation with thickness of about 1.2 m was observed along the bank consisting
of coarse
 The physical impacts of some of the highly affected areas in Kelantan i.e. Kuala
Krai and Dabong could still be discerned eight months after the flooding event. The
area is drained by three main rivers namely the Kelantan, Galas and Lebir Rivers.
The Galas and Lebir Rivers are the main tributaries to the Kelantan River,
converging in Kuala Krai.

At Pengkalan Krai Jetty in Kuala Krai town, located along Kelantan River, flood
remnants indicate that water levels were as high as 15 m. Flood remains hanging
high on the tree branches serve as indicators of the water level .Vegetation damage
can be observed along the Kelantan River due to flood erosion and a significant
extension of point bars was also observed due to intense sedimentation . The alluvial
sediment covering Kelantan River basin is highly erodible and was subject to intense
erosion during the grained sand to gravel The headwater stream, the uppermost
tributary stream in the Galas River network is located at Gunung Stong . Headwater
streams trap floodwaters, recharge groundwater supply, remove pollution, provide
fish and wildlife habitat and sustain the health downstream of the river.

It is important to prevent deforestation and irresponsible mining in this area as it may

In addition to direct impacts such as loss of life and damage property and
infrastructure, flood disasters typically instigate cascading effects to humans and the
environment. Such cascading effects include health problems related to sanitation
and significant loss of income to local communities, among others. Floods also often
lead to surface and groundwater contamination and environmental pollution related
to waste management problems. A thorough understanding of the nature of these
problems is important in order to take appropriate actions to address the issues and
to promote well-being of humans and the environment through sustainable land use
and development.
FLOOD EFFECT ON ECONOMY , ENVIRONMENT AND HEALTH

Flood is one of the most dangerous natural disasters. It happens when excessive water
is collected in any area. It usually happens due to heavy rainfall. India is highly prone to flood.
There are many regions in the country that face this natural disaster because of the
overflowing of rivers. Moreover, it also happens because of the melting of snow. Another
reason for floods is when the dam breaks down. If we look at the coastal areas, the hurricanes
and tsunamis are held responsible for causing floods. In this essay on flood, we will see the
prevention and after-affect of flood. In other words, whatever the cause may be, it is equally
dangerous. It has a lot of harmful consequences. Flood damages the living conditions and it
takes a lot of time to recover from this disaster.

Therefore, the consequences of floods must be known and steps must be taken to prevent
it. Floods interrupt with the day to day functioning of the affected area. The severe floods
sometimes cause mass destruction. A lot of people and animals lose their lives due to floods.
Several others are injured. Floods also bring a rise in diseases. The stagnant water attracts
mosquitoes causing Floods interrupt with the day to day functioning of the affected area. The
severe floods sometimes cause mass destruction. A lot of people and animals lose their lives
due to floods. Several others are injured. Floods also bring a rise in diseases. The stagnant
water attracts mosquitoes causing malaria, dengue, and more illnesses.dengue, and more
illnesses.

Furthermore, people face power cuts due to the danger of electrocution. They also have
to face expensive pricing. As the supply of food and goods gets limited, the prices naturally
grow higher. This creates a big problem for the common man. Most importantly, the whole
country faces economic loss. The resources needed to rescue people and tackle this disaster
demands a hefty amount. Plus, the citizens lose their houses and cars which they worked all
their lives for. Subsequently, floods also hamper the environment. It causes soil erosion and
this degrades the quality of the soil. We lose out on fertile soil. Similarly, floods also damage
flora and fauna. They damage crops and displace trees. Thus, the measure should be taken
to avoid these grave consequences.

During floods, water will also enter human built structures causing water damage. The
flood damage to houses include ruining of furniture, damage to the floors and walls of the
house and damage to any other item that comes in contact with the water. Automobiles on the
roads get stranded in the floods and they get carried away by the flood waters or water enters
into the automobile, which results in damage that cannot be easily repaired. The flood water
carries sediment as suspended load. As the flood waters recede, the sediments get deposited
and things and structures including the interior of buildings usually get covered with a thick
layer of stream-deposited mud. Farmlands affected by floods face a huge loss as they usually
result in crop loss. Livestock, pets, and other animals are often carried away by the strong
currents of the flood water. Humans who get caught in the high velocity flood waters often get
drowned.

Lastly ,effects of flood damage are the disruption of many essential services like gas and
electricity. Flood damage also includes the contamination of the drinking water supply, if
sewage treatment plants are flooded. This poses a greater threat because this may result in
disease and other health hazards, especially in under developed countries. The public
transportation systems may also be disrupted during floods, resulting in shortages of food and
other supplies. Tertiary effects of flood damage are generally long-term effects like the location
of river channels that may change because of flooding; fewer new channels will develop,
leaving the old channels dry. Farmlands with crops get destroyed by the sediment deposition
caused by the floods. People may not be able to make it to their workplace due to disruption
of services. The floods may also result in destruction of wildlife habitat. Although floods have
some advantages, if we look at it in a broader perspective we can conclude that largely, floods
cause havoc to life and property of mankind. By following various preventive measures the
effects of flood damage can be reduced to a great extent.
4.0 CONCLUSION

The experiences and memories at the flooded sites will remain etched in our
minds.Just to share, our observation on the victims of flood in Kemubu, Kelantan
reveals a number of important findings. First Kelantan flood 2014 has produced
multiple risks to the villagers. Flood has impacted physical, social, economic, and
psychosocial of the villagers.Observation reveals that flood in the area has produced
a wide range of psychosocial impacts including distress, anxiety,depression, and
post-traumatic stress disorder. Second, the coordinating efforts are very crucial in
facing the disasters.Coordination is also important for the effectiveness of
humanitarian aid. The aids may produce effective outcome only when they were
employed in an integrated manner. In facing Kelantan flood 2014, government
officers, NGO and other parties, individually developed their own means to distribute
money and other essential goods to the victims. There were no coordination between
all parties, and third, we noticed that different people has different mechanism to face
the disaster. For the ones who are more religious, are seen to be less vulnerable than
the ones who are less religious. The level of religiosity is seen as positively correlated
to the level of acceptance and patient in time of the disaster, and the villagers who are
less religious are likely to manipulate the situation to get maximum sympathy from the
relief aid.

5.0 INDIVIDUAL REFLECTION

5.1 AMIR NAJMI

For my reflextion Almost every year Kelantan is experiencing flood phenomenon, and flooding
is seen as a common natural disaster in the area. December 2014 heavy rains fell caused
massive flooding in many areas in Kelantan leading to destruction of livelihood of local
communities. This paper presents researchers’ experiences on the site of flood area in
Kampung Kemubu, Kelantan, Malaysia in January 2015 while acting as volunteers working in a
relief aid mission for the flood disaster.

The paper utilized a qualitative design to meet the objective. Qualitative data was gathered
through field observations on the affected areas in terms of live and livelihoods aspects of local
settlement. Physical aspects such as houses, roads, schools, community halls, and other public
facilities in the community are lost. Nearly 90 percent of the houses in the area were destroyed.
The economic loses from the flood are unexpected and typically spread beyond the flooded
area and may last longer than the flood itself. In terms of psychosocial consequences, adults
and older persons vary in terms of their impacts and acceptance of disaster.
 For the ones who are more religious are seem to be less vulnerable than the ones who are less
religious. Villagers who are less religious are likely to manipulate the situation to get sympathy
from the relief aid mission. Thus, management, particularly coordination of all volunteers
working in relief aid mission for floods disasters is extremely important

5.2 HANIF ANAS

To my reflection what I get from this report is that, flash floods usually occur in the east coast
zone. I did the work of finding the point and making the sentence. I did it to let go of the words
and present the work I had done.These flash floods have done a lot of severe damage such as
falling street lights, items in the house becoming damaged and so on.The cost of repairs used
is very high.Flash floods can also cause death like the incident in Melaka where a firefighter
wanted to save the public. The conclusion to overcome this flash flood is to build a wide and
deep dam to be able to hold water from rivers or the sea. In addition, build a house in a safe
area and less risk for flash floo

5.3 IZZUL HAQEEMY

In this assignment, i have learned and knew quiet a lot about the flood that happened on
December 2014 at Malaysia. I knew that the victim of the flood has suffering a bad tragedy in
their in tier life. Malaysian government have spend a billion of money to repair the infrastructure
caused by the flood and food and clothes to the victim.

After we get our assignment, we divided our task on some section. As me, i’m doing the
introduction of the the topic that we choose. I decided to search the meaning and information
about the flood that happen in December 2014. I searched the information by using internet,
Youtube, and newspaper. I read the information that given from the source and copy the
important – important point about the flood and then put it to the introduction. After i finished
the introduction, i decided to help my teammates on add more information in their part. Finally,
we finished our part and then combine it.

Conclusion, I have learned on how to increase my searching information by using many

5.4 AMERRUL RAFIQUE

Flooding occurs periodically in Malaysia and has become a common occurrence. This annual
occurrence of floods has given a big impact on lives of humans and other living being. Due to the
negative impact of floods, we need to pay serious attention and take an alternatives way to reduce
this disaster. This paper reviews previous articles relating to flood disaster management in Malaysia
based on electronic databases which are subscribed by the university library. The flood disaster
management in Malaysia involves four phases, which are prevention/mitigation, preparedness,
response and recovery.

The disaster prevention/mitigation and preparedness are the best way forward because if these two
phases were successfully handled, the burden of the next phases will be reduced. Besides, the
agencies responsible for the management of floods in Malaysia have been identified in this study.
The usage of technology for managing flood events has also been reviewed. The role of communities
affected by the floods is no less important. Their awareness and readiness in facing the flood
disaster are indispensable so that the negative impacts resulted from the disasters can be
minimised. Therefore, the community should be educated to improve their awareness regarding
flood management especially on how and what to prepare for flood as well as how to react during
the flood.

Flash floods was one of the most common and destructive weather-related phenomena that
Malaysia experienced.In fact, due to the construction of development that the country is
undergoing.Several factor contribute to flooding is the heavy rain mostly from November to
March.that is a monsoon season.Flash flooding occurs when a barrier holding back water fails or
when waterfalls too quickly on saturated soil or dry soil that has poor absorption ability. With high
level of runoff due to the concentration of building and other infrastructure,urban areas are
particularly prone to flash flood damage and the flash flooding have increased in recent decades.

Flash flooding have many reason for it occurrence.One of them is the due of heavy rain and
causing floods.Yan,Kedah was faced with a flash flood from the foothill of Mount Jerai.The flash
flood happened on 18th august 2021.The flash floods with muddy was hit surrounding location.One
of that is gunung Jerai resort.the road is difficulty to access and have affected approximately 879
families.Floods may also cause millions of dollars worth of damage to a city.Other than that, the
destruction of farms has cause the increase of vegetable price.

Flash floods cannot be stopped. However there are ways to prevent from repeating
itself.The state government can create of floods plains example widened the stream its help by
hindering the accumulation of water by providing a route for the drainage of water.Road tunnel
(SMART) one of several project that been done to reduce the flash floods.

REFERENCES
1. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/1757-899X/271/1/012025/pdf
2. https://scialert.net/fulltext/?doi=jas.2014.1944.1951
3. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320336447_The_December_2014_flood_in_Kela
ntan_A_post-event_perspective
4. . https://studymoose.com/cause-and-effect-essay-causes-of-flood-essay
5. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/320336447_The_December_2014_flood_in_Kela
ntan_A_post-event_perspective
6. https://www.waterconnect.sa.gov.au/Hazard-
Management/SitePages/What%20are%20the%20impacts%20of%20floods.aspx