The

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First Edition, 2021
ISBN: 9798505178751
Translation copyright © John Walker
an English translation of
佛說大乘無量壽莊嚴清淨平等覺經 (會集本)
 Co
nte
nts
Foreword
1. The Dharma Assembly of Great Nobles
2. The Virtues of Samantabhadra
3. The Origin of the Great Teaching
4. The Genesis of Dharmakara
5. Utmost Focus and Determination
6. Setting Forth the Great Vows
7. Assured Achievement of Sambodhi
8. Accumulation of Spiritual Virtues
9. Complete Perfection
10. All Vow to Become Buddhas
11. A World Adorned and Purified
12. A Light Shining Upon All Things
13. Infinite Lifespan, Infinite Followers
14. Jewel Trees, Far and Wide Throughout the Land
15. The Seat of Enlightenment
16. Lecture Halls, Meditation Chambers
& Observation Towers
17. The Blessings of Springs and Pools
18. World-Surpassing and Extraordinary
19. Complete Fulfilment
20. Virtuous Wind, Raining Flowers
21. Jewel Lotuses and Buddha Light
22. Assured Realisation of the Supreme Fruit
23. Praised by Buddhas in the Ten Directions
24. The Three Classes of Reborn Beings
 25. The True Cause of Rebirth
26. Pay Homage, Make Offerings and Hear the Dharma
27. Singing in Praise of the Buddha's Virtues
28. The Divine Light of the Great Ones
29. The Power of the Vow, Immense and Profound
30. The Self-Cultivation of Bodhisattvas
31. True Virtues
32. Limitless Longevity and Happiness
33. Encouraging Words, Spurring Advancement
34. Seeing the Light
35. The Evils and Sufferings of an Impure World
36. Repeated Instruction and Exhortation
37. A Poor Man Given Precious Jewels
38. Homage to the Buddha's Light
39. Maitreya Recounts His Visions
40. The Borderland and the Citadel of Doubt
41. No More Doubts, The Buddha is Seen
42. The Rebirth of Bodhisattvas
43. This is Not the Lesser Vehicle
44. The Prophecy of Sambodhi
45. A Teaching Imparted for a Special Reason
46. Devoted Practice, Firmly Grasped
47. With Merit and Wisdom, the Dharma Can Be Heard
48. Blessings Gained From Hearing the Dharma
Foreword

In May 2020, I received a most welcome surprise. A talented trans-

lator of Classical Chinese texts, Mr John Walker, the author of this
translation, contacted me via my blog and asked me to suggest a
suitable Chinese Pure Land Buddhist text to translate. I immedi-
ately recommended the Mahayana, Infinite Life, Adornment, Pur-
ity, Impartiality and Enlightenment Sutra ( 佛說 ⼤ 乘無量壽莊嚴清
淨平等覺經). This sutra is the flawless compilation of the five main
extant versions of the Infinite Life Sutra. It was compiled and mas-
terfully combined into one consolidated edition by the eminent
sage, Upasaka Xia Lianju (夏蓮居), during the early to mid decades
of the 20th century, without discarding or changing a single char-
acter. It is now the main Pure Land Scripture, available everywhere
in Asia. Moreover, all Pure Land Associations recite it daily as part
of their main practice.

This sutra has been praised by the Venerable Master Chin Kung as
the most relevant sutra of our era, and will guide countless sen-
tient beings to attain Pure Land rebirth and release from samsara.
As it is the perfect antidote to the karmic weaknesses and disposi-
tions of sentient beings of our world, it is a sutra and dharma gate-
way all must study.

However, a full translation of this text was impossible to find in

the West. It was essentially unknown, until now. Three days ago,
Mr Walker emailed me a fully completed English translation of this
sutra, the first complete translation in history. No words can de-
scribe my happiness when I saw this completed work, and I could
not have imagined a year ago that a full translation would become
a reality so speedily. Eloquent, poetic, and concise, Mr Walker’s
work is a most wonderful translation. I consider it the greatest
honour of my life to be able to write the foreword for this ground-
breaking translation, and I hope that the birth of this translation
will mark the beginning of a worldwide renaissance for Chinese
Pure Land Buddhism.

Brian B. Chung
purelandsutras.wordpress.com
May 12 2021
 On
e

TheDha
rmaAsse
mblyo
f
Gr
eatNo
bles
Thus have I heard,

Once, when the Buddha lived upon Vulture Peak

near the city of Rajagriha
he held an assembly with many great bhiksus monks
twelve thousand in total

All were great nobles

already in possession of supernatural powers
among those present
presiding as elders, were,
the Venerable Kaundinya
the Venerable Sariputra
the Venerable Maudgalyayana
the Venerable Kasyapa
and the Venerable Ananda

Alongside,
Bodhisattva Samantabhadra
Bodhisattva Manjusri
Bodhisattva Maitreya
and every other bodhisattva of the era
they all came together on this day
 Two

TheVir
tue
sof
Sama
nta
bhadr
a
Present too, among those presiding as elders
were the Sixteen Upright Adepts, namely,
Bodhisattva Worthy Protector
Bodhisattva Deft Comprehension
Bodhisattva Eloquent Wisdom
Bodhisattva Unveiling Impermanence
Bodhisattva Supernatural Splendour
Bodhisattva Radiant Nobility
Bodhisattva Jewelled Banner
Bodhisattva Supreme Wisdom
Bodhisattva Serene Root
Bodhisattva Unshakable Wisdom
Bodhisattva Devoted Wisdom
Bodhisattva Fragrant Elephant
Bodhisattva Treasure Blossom
Bodhisattva Middle Way Abiding
Bodhisattva Restrained Conduct
and Bodhisattva Liberation

All abided by and emulated

the virtues of the great Samantabhadra
perfectly observing
his incomparable vows of conduct recorded in the Avatamsakasutra
remaining firmly
within the dharma of his virtues

They wandered freely in every direction

using whatever means they could
they penetrated the Buddha’s dharma treasury
and reached the other shore

They vowed to visit infinite realms

and achieve perfect sambodhi complete enlightenment
they left behind Tusita Heaven 4th heaven of the Desire Realm
and descended into the royal palace
they abandoned status and home
to practise asceticism and study the way
they did these things for the sake of men
With the power of concentration and wisdom
they vanquished Mara demon, the maker of death
they grasped the subtle dharma
subtle and mysterious
and achieved supreme, perfect sambodhi

Beings heavenly and human

turned to them
and worshipped them
and begged them to turn the dharma wheel

They broadcast unceasingly

the sound of the dharma
awakening all worlds
they tore down the citadel of afflictions
and drained the moat of desire

They wiped clean all filth

revealing the pure
they created harmony among beings
revealing the profound and subtle truth

They performed good deeds

producing fields of merit
they used a variety of remedies the suffering of pain, impermanence
to cure the three sufferings & inherent suffering of
conditioned existence
They ascended to the stage of anointed one
and were given the prophecy of sambodhi
they served as spiritual masters, instructing bodhisattvas
training them unceasingly in countless practices
allowing their countless virtuous roots to flourish

Watched over by infinite buddhas

with the power to appear in any buddha land
like skilled illusionists
they could appear in any form
such forms were indeed illusory
Moreover they accomplished the following,

They penetrated the intrinsic nature of all dharmas

and the origination of conditioned things
they made offerings to all buddhas
opening the way for all living things

They changed form in a flash like lightning

they rent asunder Mara's net
unravelling all entanglements
they went far beyond sravakas disciples
and pratyekabuddhas buddhas enlightened by their own efforts

They entered the dharma gates

of emptiness, formlessness and non-desire
they devised skilful means
of demonstrating the three vehicles sravaka, pratyekabuddha
& bodhisattva
They explained nirvana to those
of low and average ability
they obtained the many forms
of neither rising nor ceasing samadhi concentration
as well as every method of dharani formula for memorising texts

They entered flower garland samadhi perfect samadhi

as they pleased
they mastered the technique of holding firm
the many thousand forms of samadhi
dwelling firmly in deep meditation
they encountered infinite buddhas
in the span of a single thought
they travelled far and wide
to every buddha land

They acquired a buddha's eloquence

they adhered to Samantabhadra’s vows
they used the myriad tongues of beings
to enlighten them
revealing the true nature of reality
they transcended worldly dharmas
and fixed their mind unceasingly upon the path
that goes behind this world

Yet they were at ease and in control

of all wordly things
they extended the hand of friendship
to the great multitude of beings

They accepted and firmly grasped

the Tathagata’s profound dharma treasury epithet for the Buddha,
they preserved the seed of buddhahood lit. Thus Come One
endeavouring always to keep it alive

Within them arose great compassion

they grieved for sentient beings
they preached to them
with eloquence and loving-kindness

They gave them the gift of the dharma eye

they stopped them
from going down evil paths non-human rebirth, e.g. animal,
they laid open the gates of virtue ghost and hell denizen

They viewed others as no different from themselves

they carried them on their backs
and brought them to the other shore
where they all acquired the Buddha’s infinite virtues
becoming wise and intelligent to an unimaginable degree

Thus were the many great bodhisattvas

limitless and uncountable, they gathered on this day

Present too were five hundred bhiksunis nuns

seven thousand upasakas lay disciple (male)
five hundred upasikas lay disciple (female)
the divinities of the realm of desire
the divinities of the realm of subtle form
and the divinities of the Brahma worlds the highest three heavens of
the subtle form realm
 Thr
ee

TheOr
igi
no ftheGr
eat
Teaching
On this day,

The Blessed One was radiant epithet for the Buddha

and awe-inspiring
like molten gold
like a bright mirror
his inner radiance shone outwards
in the form of a great ever-transforming light

The Venerable Ananda thought to himself,

Today the Blessed One's every faculty

is purified and tranquil
his countenance
radiant and majestic
reveals a land adorned with jewels
such as never seen before

With joy and wonder, Ananda gazed upwards. He rose and bared
his right shoulder. Kneeling tall with palms together, he addressed
the Buddha,

Today the Blessed One entered a state of great tranquillity

he dwells within a dharma wondrous and unique
the state within which all buddhas dwell
the way of the leader, a path without equal

Buddhas past, present and future

are mindful of one another
were you thinking of buddhas, past and future
or present buddhas from other realms?

Why so gloriously majestic?

Why so exquisitely radiant?
I beg you, please explain
Thereupon, the Blessed One proclaimed to Ananda,

Wonderful! Wonderful!
It is thanks to your compassionate desire
to aid all sentient beings
that you are able to ask a question so profound

What you asked surpasses

the offerings made to every arhat one who has cast aside
and pratyekabuddha in the world all afflictions
and the alms given for successive aeons
to all beings
from the heavenly and human
down to the crawling, flying and wriggling
by a hundred-thousand-fold
...why is this so?

Because heavenly, human and living beings yet to come

as a result of your question will attain salvation

Ananda,
the Thus Come One
has limitless compassion
and sympathy for all living
in the three realms the desire, subtle form
it is for this reason & formless realms
he appeared in our world

He illuminated and explained

the teachings of the way
the common folk, he strove to save
bestowing upon them the gift of truth
like the udumbara flower blooms once every 3000 years
rarely emerging, rarely encountered

Your question has enriched us

Ananda, you should know
the wisdom of the Tathagata's sambodhi
cannot be measured, it is limitless
He can dwell within a single thought
for infinite aeons
nothing can be added to or subtracted from
his body and its faculties
...why is this so?

Because the concentration and wisdom

of the Thus Come One
are limitless and all-encompassing
thus he possesses unsurpassed mastery
of every dharma

Ananda, listen with care

and keep what I say in mind
for your sake I shall explain
 Fo
ur

TheGene
si
sof
Dha
rmakar
a
The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

An uncountable and inconceivable number of aeons ago

there emerged a buddha
named Lokesvararaja Tathagata
known as the Worthy One, the Fully Enlightened
the One Perfected in Wisdom and Conduct
the Well-Gone One, the World-Knowing
the Unsurpassed, the Subduer of Men
Master of Heavenly and Human Beings
Lord of the World

For forty-two aeons he preached in the world

unceasingly he taught the dharma
and preached the way
to all heavenly and human beings

There was a ruler of a large country

known as the World Abundance King
when he heard the Buddha's dharma
he felt great joy and saw the light

He set his mind upon the supreme and genuine way

he abandoned his kingdom and throne
he became an ascetic and took the name Dharmakara
devoting himself to the bodhisattva path

His lofty genius and daring insight

far surpassed the abilities of mortals
as for faith, comprehension and sharpness of memory
none were his match

Moreover, his conduct and aspirations were unrivalled

so too was the power of his mindfulness and wisdom
he was master of his own mind
firm and unyielding
he practised with such energy
that none could surpass him
He approached the seat of the Buddha and prostrated. Kneeling
tall with palms together, he praised the Buddha with these verses
and set forth his expansive vows,

The exquisite appearance of the Thus Come One

is elegant and dignified
it finds no equal in any realm
his infinite light beams in the ten directions
obscuring the light of suns, moons, flames and pearls

With a single sound the Blessed One saves

each and every type of living thing
in a wondrous form he appears
for everyone to see

I wish to obtain the pure sound of a buddha

and broadcast the dharma across limitless realms
making known the methods
of discipline, concentration and energy
and penetrate the profound and subtle dharma

With knowledge and wisdom as vast as the ocean

and an inner mind purified, cleansed of all defilements
I shall transcend the limitless gateways to evil destinies
and swiftly reach the distant shore

Free from ignorance, greed and enmity

with the power of samadhi
afflictions are vanquished
and all faults disappear

Like infinite past buddhas

I shall serve as a great leader
for the multitude of beings
I shall liberate every being of every realm
from the afflictions of birth, old age, sickness and death
unceasingly cultivating generosity, discipline, patience
vigour, concentration and wisdom: the six perfections
I shall help the unsaved crossover
and help the saved become buddhas
offerings as numerous
as grains of sand in the Ganges
are no match
for steadfast and courageous
pursuit of sambodhi

I vow to abide firmly in samadhi

eternally shining a light upon all things
conjuring a vast and purified field
with adornments, extraordinary and unsurpassed

Every kind of being

on samsara's every path the cycle of rebirth
shall be swiftly reborn in my land
peaceful and happy

I shall uplift the sentient

with a heart of loving-kindness
and rescue limitless numbers
of suffering beings

The power of my practice is resolute and unwavering

only the noble wisdom of buddhas can directly apprehend it
even if my body suffers pain of every kind
my mind's resolve shall forever remain unshaken
 Fi
ve

Utmo
stFoc
usand
Det
ermi
nat
ion
After reciting these verses, Dharmakara Bhiksu addressed the
Buddha,

Now a follower of the bodhisattva path

I have developed a sambodhi mind a mind fixed on sambodhi
and taken up the vow to become a buddha
and lead all others to become buddhas too

I would like the Buddha to teach me the dharma

I shall reverently uphold it
and conduct myself according to it
I shall uproot the cause
that makes beings toil on samsara's wheel
quickly shall I attain supreme and perfect sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha

the light of my wisdom
my land and my name
would be known to all in the ten directions

I hope that all beings

the heavenly and human
the creeping, crawling and wriggling
shall be reborn in my land
becoming bodhisattvas

Can it be that these vows I have set forth

surpass those that created countless buddha fields?

Thereupon Lokesvararaja expounded the dharma for the sake of

Dharmakara,

If one were to measure the ocean with a ladle

it would take many aeons to reach the bottom
those with minds fixed on pursuit of the way
and inexhaustible determination
shall reap its fruit, with no wish unfulfilled
 Consider the means by which you shall accomplish
the adornment and purification of a buddha field
this is something you already know
and by yourself alone must it be done

Dharmakara addressed the Buddha,

You speak with vast profundity

the meaning of which is far beyond
my sphere of understanding
I hope the Tathagata, the Worthy and All-Knowing
can describe to me in detail
the wondrous lands of infinite buddhas

If I hear this dharma and comprehend it

and put what I have learned into practice
I shall surely fulfil my vows

Lokesvararaja appreciated the lofty insight of this request and so

was willing to elaborate.

He spoke of twenty-one hundred million buddha fields

their virtues, their adornments, their purity
their vastness and total perfection
it was all that Dharmakara had hoped for

During the revelation of this dharma

ten billion years had passed
hearing the Buddha's words
and seeing all that he revealed
Dharmakara developed his unique and unparalleled vows

He examined the good and evil

in beings heavenly and human
and the positive and negative aspects
of different kingdoms
he fixed his mind upon and selected
the elements he most desired
 thus were his great vows formed
zealously sought after and reverently upheld

For five aeons he meditated upon their virtues

and was thus was as familiar
with the virtues and adornments
of twenty-one hundred million buddha fields
as intimately as he was one
in such a manner he conjured a land surpassing all others

As soon as this was done, he returned to the seat of Tathagata

Lokesvararaja. He prostrated at his feet. Thrice he encircled him,
and then, standing before him with his palms together, he in-
formed the Blessed One that his task of purifying and adorning a
land was complete.

The Buddha proclaimed,

Excellent! Now is the time

for you to proclaim your vows in full
and bring joy to all sentient beings
let the people hear this dharma
and receive its great blessings
so that they may be reborn in your land
where they shall observe and practise
thus bringing your incomparable vows to fruition
 S
ix

Se
tti
ngFor
th
t
heGreatVows
Dharmakara addressed the Buddha,

I hope that the Blessed One

of great benevolence
may lend his ear

Were I to realise supreme bodhi Vows 1-2

and become a buddha
my buddha field would be replete
with an immeasurable and unimaginable array
of virtues and adornments
there would be no denizens of hell
no hungry ghosts, no birds, no beasts
no crawling, flying and wriggling creatures
all beings, including those
ensnared in Yama's realm lord of death
within the three evil paths
would be reborn in my land
and be transformed by my dharma
all would achieve perfect sambodhi
never again descending into evil destinations
if this vow is fulfilled, I have become a buddha
if it remains unfulfilled
I have not attained supreme sambodhi

Were I to become a Buddha Vows 3-5

all beings in the realms in the ten directions
reborn in my land
would possess bodies of pure gold
and the thirty-two marks of a great man i.e. of a buddha
a uniform appearance, upright and pure
so long as there are differences in form and appearance
and the concepts of beauty and ugliness still exist
I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 6-8

beings reborn in my land
would be aware of the good and evil actions
committed in their past lives over innumerable aeons
every being would possess piercing vision
and penetrating hearing
knowing the past, present and future affairs
of all in the ten directions
if this vow is not fulfilled, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 9

all beings reborn in my land
would possess the ability to read the minds of others
if they cannot read the minds of the sentient beings
of one trillion buddha lands
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 10-11

all beings reborn in my land
would have mastery of supernatural powers
and every perfection see Six Perfections above
if in the duration of a single thought
they cannot travel far and wide
throughout one trillion buddha fields
making offerings to all buddhas
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 12

beings reborn in my land
would abandon false distinctions
and remain serene in every faculty
if they are not guaranteed
to achieve complete sambodhi
and realise great nirvana the nirvana of a buddha
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 13-14

my infinite light would shine
upon all in the ten directions
and surpass the light of all buddhas
a trillionfold times brighter than suns and moons
if sentient beings were to see my light
and its rays were to touch their bodies
each without exception
would experience peace and happiness
and develop a heart of loving-kindness
with a desire to do good and be reborn in my land
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 15-16

life would be everlasting
my land would possess
a countless number of sravakas
and beings heavenly and human
all with infinite lifespans

Were the sentient beings of the trichiliocosm a universe of one

to all become pratyekabuddhas billion world systems
yet within one hundred thousand aeons
their number could be measured
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 17

yet infinite buddhas of infinite realms
in the ten directions
do not extol my name nor praise the qualities of my land
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 18

the sentient beings in the ten directions
who hear my name
would develop utmost sincerity and resolute faith
their virtuous roots would be fixed wholly upon
and directed toward the desire to be reborn in my land
if even those who have practised buddha mindfulness
as few as ten times
were not reborn
then I have not attained sambodhi

The 5 Great Misdeeds:

This does not apply to those 1-3. killing mother, father, arhat
who commit the five great misdeeds 4. spilling a Buddha's blood
or slander the true dharma 5. creating disorder in the samgha*
*the Buddhist community

Were I to become a buddha Vows 19-20

beings in the ten directions who hear my name
would develop the aspiration to attain bodhi
they would cultivate spiritual virtues
and practise the six perfections
resolute and unwavering
they would unceasingly direct their virtuous roots
toward the desire to be reborn in my land
day and night they would fix their minds upon me
when they reach the end of their lives I shall appear
alongside an assembly of bodhisattvas to receive them
within the span of a split second
they shall be reborn in my land
as never-retrogressing bodhisattvas
if this vow is not fulfilled, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 21

beings in the ten directions who hear my name
would fasten their minds upon my land
and develop the aspiration to attain bodhi
resolute and unwavering
they would plant virtuous roots
and fix their minds upon
and direct themselves toward
the desire to be reborn in Sukhavati the Pure Land
and all without exception would succeed lit. Ultimate Bliss

If those who, in past lives, committed evil deeds

hear my name and immediately repent
and vow to do good in service of the way
and uphold the teachings and the precepts
and desire to be reborn in my land
then, at the end of their lives
they shall never again enter the three evil paths
instead they shall be reborn in my land
if this is not so, then I have not attained sambodhi
Were I to become a buddha Vows 22-24
there would be no women in my land
if, after hearing my name
obtaining purity of faith
and developing a bodhi mind
women feel loathing and distress in the female form
and desire to be reborn in my land
when their end comes
they shall be transformed immediately
into male form and be reborn there

Every being in the ten directions

who comes to my land
shall be transformed and reborn
within a lotus flower
in a pond of seven jewels see Chapter 14
if this is not so
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 25-27

beings in the ten directions who hear my name
would become joyous and resolute in faith
they would show reverence and bow before me
with purity of mind they would devote themselves
to the way of the bodhisattva
all heavenly and human beings would pay them homage
after hearing my name and reaching the end of their lives
they shall be reborn into a respectable household
and possess flawless physical and mental faculties
they shall unceasingly devote themselves to
a distinctly pure form of practice
if this is not so, then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 28-31

even the concept of non-good
would not exist in my land
all beings reborn there would be of one mind
together united on the straight path
eternally detached from anguish
with minds becalmed
they would experience joy
like a bhiksu cleansed of all defilements i.e. an arhat

If discriminative thought still arises within them

or attachment to bodily form
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 32-34

those reborn in my land
would possess infinite roots of virtue
all would attain bodies as hard as diamond
and as strong as Narayana a powerful divinity
moreover, a bright light would shine
from the top of their crowns

All would achieve perfection

in every form of wisdom
and limitless eloquence
all would be talented at explaining
the esoteric and essential elements of every dharma
all would preach the dharma and follow the way
their words would ring like bells
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 35-36

beings reborn in my land
would ultimately be assured
of attaining buddhahood in a single lifetime
except for those
who take on the Primal Vow unique to Dharmakara
for the sake of all sentient beings
and don the armour
of the Universal Vows shared by all bodhisattvas
to edify each and every being
so that they develop faithful hearts
and cultivate the path to bodhi
and follow the way of Samantabhadra
even if they are reborn in other worlds
they shall remain detached from evil paths
whether they enjoy preaching the dharma
hearing the dharma or developing psychic powers
whatever they desire, they may practise at will
assured of attaining perfection therein
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 37-38

food, clothing and every item of worship
required by those reborn in my land
would appear when so desired
all buddhas in the ten directions
would receive these offerings
as soon as they so wished
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 39

all things in my land
would be purified and adorned
radiant and beautiful, of singular appearance
the absolute pinnacle of elegance and refinement
entirely without equal
if beings, even though they possess the divine eye
are still capable of distinguishing and enumerating
the varieties of beauty and radiance in my land
and describing in full their qualities
then I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 40-41

there would be an infinite variety
of coloured trees in my land
standing several hundred
or thousand leagues tall
and bodhimanda trees "place of enlightenment" trees
four million miles in height
from which all bodhisattvas
even those with inferior roots of virtue
would gain perfect understanding

Those wishing to see the adornments

of every purified buddha field
would see them within the jewelled trees
like looking in a mirror and seeing their own face
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 42

my buddha field would be
vast, adorned and purified
as bright and lustrous as a mirror
illuminating the immeasurable, innumerable
and indescribable buddha worlds in the ten directions
seeing this, the hearts of beings shall be filled with wonder
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vow 43

from the ground up to the void
there would be palaces and pavilions
ponds and streams, flowers and trees
all things in my land would be infused
with an immeasurably exquisite fragrance
permeating all realms in the ten directions
all beings who experience this fragrance
shall devote themselves to way of the Buddha
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 44-45

the great many bodhisattvas
of the realms in the ten directions
upon hearing my name would attain
the purified and liberating samadhi
of universal impartiality
as well as every method of profound dharani
remaining within samadhi
until they reach the stage of buddhahood

Within samadhi they shall unceasingly make offerings

to each and every innumerable buddha
never losing concentration
if this is not so, I have not attained sambodhi

Were I to become a buddha Vows 46-48

the great many bodhisattvas of other realms
upon hearing my name
would realise the dharma
of detachment from rebirth
and acquire dharanis
they would be purified and joyful
capable of abiding in equanimity
they would devote themselves
to the way of the bodhisattva
and perfect their roots of virtue
if, at once they do not attain
the three forms of acceptance see Chapter 15
or are incapable of realising
the state of non-retrogression
then I have not attained sambodhi
 S
eve
n

As
sur
edAchi
eve
ment
o
fSa
mbodhi
The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

When Dharmakara Bhiksu had finished

setting forth these vows
he continued by reciting these verses:

I have set forth my world-surpassing vows

assuring my ascent to the path supreme
be these vows unfulfilled
may I not achieve perfect sambodhi

As the Great Benefactor

I shall relieve all deprivation and suffering
so that all living beings
may endure the long night without anguish
giving birth to virtuous roots
reaping the fruits of bodhi

If I achieve sambodhi
I shall be known as Amitayus Infinite Life
when beings hear my name
they come to my land
with golden bodies like the Buddha
exquisite and perfect in every way

They too with hearts of great compassion

shall bring blessings to every kind of being
detached from desire, deep in right-mindfulness
pure in wisdom and devoted to pure practice

I wish my wisdom were radiant

shining upon every realm in the ten directions
eradicating the murk
of the three impurities desire, hatred, delusion
with a light that ends all misery

For every being

the suffering of the three paths are left behind
 the darkness cast by its afflictions shall be no more
the wisdom eye is opened
a radiant body is acquired

I shall obstruct the evil paths

and clear the path to the good
I shall open the dharma treasury for all beings
and share widely its precious blessings

With unimpeded wisdom like the Buddha

always practising loving-kindness
always acting as a teacher for the heavenly and human
I shall be known as Lord of the Three Realms

I shall preach the dharma with a lion’s roar

and rescue beings far and wide.
my prior vows shall be fulfilled
so that all beings become buddhas

If these vows are brought to fruition

their impact shall be felt by a great-thousandfold
and every divine being of the void
shall rain down exquisite and wondrous flowers

The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

After Dharmakara Bhiksu recited these verses

the entire earth shook with six earthquakes
wondrous flowers rained down from the sky
and scattered on the ground

Then, from the sky came voices

singing words of praise
announcing that he was certain
to achieve supreme sambodhi
 Ei
ght

Ac
cumulat
ion
o
fSpi
ri
tualVir
tues
Ananda, Dharmakara stood before Lokesvararaja
amid the great assembly of heavenly and human beings
having set forth his extensive vows
he dwelt in a state of true wisdom

With fierce courage and energy

he fixed his mind upon
the adornment of a wondrous land
a land of immense vastness
a transcendentally and singularly wondrous land
a land to be established for all eternity
neither waning nor declining

For countless aeons he ingrained in himself the habit

of virtuous practice
never giving rise to notions
sensuous, malicious or delusional
never clinging to the dharmas
of visible form, sound, odour, taste and physical sensation

Instead he took pleasure in practising

mindfulness of past buddhas
recalling how they cultivated their virtuous roots
tranquil in conduct, detached from unreality
taking refuge in the ultimate truth
he planted many virtuous roots
paying no mind to the many forms of suffering
he scorned desire and mastered contentment

He fixed his mind on the pursuit of the pure white dharma

for the benefit of all beings
and with tireless aspiration and the strength of endurance
he succeeded

Unceasingly patient toward sentient beings

he showed them loving-kindness
with a pleasing countenance and kind words
he persuaded them and urged them forward

He honoured the Three Jewels 1. Buddha 2. dharma 3. samgha

and served masters and elders
with a heart free of falseness and flattery
he adorned all practices, he was a perfect model
viewing all dharma as ever-changing and impermanent
he was eternally serene in samadhi

Skilled at safeguarding verbal karma

never deriding others for their faults
skilled at safeguarding physical karma
never falling into dissipation
skilled at safeguarding mental karma
pure and free of all defilement

Bound not to town nor village

loved ones or precious jewels
unfailingly he practised the six perfections
generosity, upright conduct, forbearance
vigour, meditative concentration and wisdom
to edify beings and establish them
firmly upon the supreme and genuine way

As a consequence of the virtuous roots he cultivated

wherever he was reborn there appeared a limitless treasury
sometimes he became a householder
family chief or noble of high birth
sometimes he became a warrior
emperor or Wheel-Turning King ruler of an entire universe
a ruler of the six realms of desire
or even a Brahma king see Brahma worlds above

He showed reverence to buddhas

worshipping them unceasingly, eternally
mere words cannot do justice to his virtues

His mouth and his body perpetually emanated

a fragrance of immeasurable exquisiteness
somewhat like sandalwood
or the fragrance of the utpala flower blue lotus
permeating everywhere
throughout infinite realms

Wherever he was born

his appearance was elegant and dignified
replete with the thirty-two marks of a buddha
and eighty minor marks
from his hands emerged inexhaustible treasures
ornamented items of worship
everything that one may require
the very best of things
bringing aid and joy to sentient beings

This is why he was capable

of causing countless beings to develop
minds set upon complete and perfect sambodhi
 Ni
ne

Co
mpl
et
ePe
rfe
cti
on
The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

Dharmakara Bhiksu devoted himself

to the way of the bodhisattva
he accumulated virtues, countless and immeasurable
he achieved mastery of every dharma
beyond the scope of word and thought

Great vows set forth, accomplished to perfection

were now established firmly in reality
in the form a purified buddha land
perfectly adorned
of awe-inspiring power and vastness

After listening to the Buddha's words, Ananda asked the Blessed

One,

When the bodhisattva Dharmakara achieved bodhi

did he become a past buddha, a future buddha
or a present buddha of an other world?

The Blessed One proclaimed,

This buddha, thus come, thus gone

comes to no such place and goes from no such place
neither born nor dying
neither of the past, present nor future

To fulfil his vow of saving all beings

Dharmakara emerged in the west
trillions of buddha fields
beyond Jambudvipa one of the 4 continents that
in a world named Sukhavati surround Mt. Sumeru

After becoming a buddha

he became known as Amitabha Infinite Light
ten aeons have passed from then until now
and there he remains still preaching the dharma
surrounded and worshipped
by countless bodhisattvas and sravakas
 Te
n

AllVow
t
oBe
comeBuddha
s
 As the Buddha spoke of Amitabha
of the time when he sought his vows as a bodhisattva
Prince Aja and five hundred householders listened with joy
each holding a cluster of golden flowers
they came together before him and paid him homage

They offered their flowers and sat to one side

as they listened to his dharma
they vowed in their hearts
that if they were to become buddhas
they wished to be like Amitabha

The Buddha perceived this and proclaimed,

In the future, the prince and his retinue

shall all become buddhas
in past lives they remained for countless aeons
on the bodhisattva path
making offerings to four billion buddhas
at the time of Kasyapa Buddha they were my disciples
and now today they pay me homage
and we meet again once more

Hearing the Buddha's words, great joy was shared among all
bhiksus.
 El
eve
n

A Worl
dAdo rne
d
andPur
ifi
ed
The Buddha told Ananda,

Infinite are the virtues

of the world called Sukhavati
adorned to perfection
free of suffering and hardship
unknown are the evil paths
and the afflictions of Mara

There there are no seasons

no contrast between coldness and warmth
no rain, no darkness
no hills, no oceans Cakravada: iron ring of mountains
large or small that surrounds Sumeru
no mountains like Cakravada and Sumeru
no mountains made of earth and stone Sumeru: mountain at
nothing centre of universe
only the seven kinds of natural jewels
and a ground of pure gold

Vast and uniformly level

its boundaries are unreachable
exquisite and extraordinarily beautiful
its purity and adornments are unmatched
anywhere in the ten directions

After hearing this, Ananda addressed the Blessed One,

If this land has no Mount Sumeru

how could the Heaven of the Four Great Kings
and the Heaven of the Thirty-Three Divinities exist?
the lowest two heavens of desire realm

The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

The divinities of Yama, Tusita the 4th/3rd highest

and even those heavens of the desire realm
of the realms of form and formlessness
 how could they exist?

Ananda replied,

Through the inconceivable power of karma

The Buddha explained to Ananda,

Inconceivable karma
is this something you can fathom?
your retribution body
is inconceivable
the karmic retribution of beings
is inconceivable
the virtuous roots of sentient beings
are inconceivable
the noble power of buddhas and buddha fields
is inconceivable
the beings of this land
the beneficent power of their spiritual virtues
dwells within the stage of action and retribution
this, in addition to the supernatural power of buddhas
is therefore likewise inconceivable

Ananda replied,

Action and retribution

are inconceivable
regarding this dharma I have no doubts
but in order that future sentient beings
tear asunder the web of doubt
I have asked this question
 Twe
lve

A Li
ghtShi
ni
ng
UponAllThi
ngs
The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

The majestic light of Amitabha

is revered above all others
throughout the ten directions
no buddha's light compares

He illuminates all buddha fields in the west

as numerous as grains of sand in the Ganges
those in the south, the west and the north
in the four intercardinal directions
all above and below
he illuminates them too

Some buddhas have atop their crown

a circular light that shines
for several leagues
others have a light that shines
for hundreds, thousands and millions

The light of some buddhas shines upon

one or two buddha fields
the light of some buddhas shines upon
hundreds and thousands of buddha fields
but only the light of Amitabha can shine universally
upon infinite, limitless, incalculable buddha fields

The distance of a buddha's light

is determined by their vows
and virtues acquired in prior lives
from the time they sought the way
up until the time they became buddhas

This is accomplished as a matter of course

and cannot be estimated in advance
the grace of Amitabha Buddha's light
surpasses by a trillionfold
the radiance of suns and moons
his light is revered above all others
among buddhas he is king

Thus he is known as
the Buddha of Infinite Life
the Buddha of Infinite Light
the Buddha of Limitless Light
the Buddha of Unimpeded Light
the Buddha of Incomparable Light
the Light of Wisdom
the Eternal Light
the Light of Purification
the Light of Joy
the Light of Emancipation
the Light of Well-Being
the Light That Surpasses Suns and Moons
the Light That Cannot Be Fathomed

Shining upon every realm in the ten directions

to encounter it is to have impurities cleansed
and the good arise within
supple in body and mind

If those afflicted with utmost suffering

on the three paths
encounter this light
they shall attain tranquillity and liberation
at the end of their lives

If beings hear of this light

and its glorious blessings
they shall exalt it night and day
they shall fix their minds unceasingly upon it
then, when they so wish, they shall obtain
rebirth in this land
 Thi
rt
een

I
nfi
nit
eLi
fes
pan,
I
nfi
nit
eFo
ll
owers
The Buddha told Ananda,

The lifespan of Amitayus is so long it cannot be measured

surrounded by an assembly of countless sravakas
he has penetrating supernatural wisdom
and mastery of awe-inspiring powers
he can hold every world in his hand

Among my followers, none can match

the supernatural powers of Maudgalyayana
in the span of a single day
he can calculate all beings
in the lunar mansions of a trichiliocosm

If all beings in the ten directions

became pratyekabuddhas
and were they to live for a trillion years
and possess Maudgalyayana's powers
and spend their whole lives
exhausting all intellectual strength
in calculating the number
of those in Amitabha's assembly
at the range of one hundred billion
still they would not come close
to even a single percent of the total

Imagine an ocean boundlessly deep and wide

suppose one were to take a single hair
and split it into hundreds of pieces
fragmented as small as atoms
if one were to take a single atom
and soak up one drop of the ocean
which do you think is largest
the drop of water on this fragment or the ocean?

Ananda,
the likes of Maudgalyayana
who know the total number
are like a drop of water on a fragment of hair
those who know it not are like the ocean's water
the lifespan of the Buddha
and his bodhisattvas and sravakas
and his heavenly and human beings
are all like this too
unknowable through calculation and analogy
 Fo
urt
een

Je
we lTr
ees,
Fa
randWideThrougho
utt
he
Land
In the land of the Thus Come One
there are jewel trees of many kinds
made of pure gold and pure silver
beryl, quartz and amber
fine jade and carnelian

Some are formed solely from one jewel

without mixture whatsoever
others are formed from two or three
or as many as seven
mixed and merged together

Their roots, branches and trunks

are formed from a selection of the seven jewels
and their flowers, fruits and leaves
are formed from others

Some have roots of pure gold and trunks of silver

beryl branches with tips of quartz
amber leaves, fine jade flowers and carnelian fruits

Others have the seven jewels

as roots, branches, leaves, flowers and fruits
each type merged together as one

Each kind is divided into rows

row by row positioned straightly
trunk by trunk aligned perfectly
branches and leaves facing perfectly
flowers placed in perfect position
luxuriant colours and dazzling radiance
more than the eye can behold

From time to time a fresh breeze blows

issuing forth the five musical tones corresponding to the five
subtle earth and autumnal tones elements and seasons
come naturally together in harmony e.g. earth = late summer
jewel trees like these are found
far and wide throughout the land
 Fi
ft
een

TheSe
ato
fEnl
i
ght
enme
nt
At the seat of enlightenment
there is a bodhi tree
four million miles in height
with a trunk five thousand leagues in circumference
its branches and leaves stretch out in the four directions
for two hundred thousand miles

Naturally formed from every type of precious stone

its flowers and fruits are luxuriantly arrayed
bright and dazzling, shining far and wide

Mani jewels of red, green, blue and white

the most regal of gemstones
they form a garland, linked together
adorning the trunks of the jewel trees

Bells of gold and pearl

hang between branches
and wondrous and exquisite jewel nets
are spread out, covering the treetops

Hundreds and thousands of colours

reflect and beautify each other
an infinite blazing light
shines forth without limits

Every adornment appears when desired

a gentle breeze drifting slowly
touches the leaves and branches
creating the infinitely wondrous dharma sound
reaching each and every buddha land
pure and all-encompassing
mournful and resonant
subtle and exquisite
harmonious and refined
a sound unequalled in the ten directions
 If beings behold the bodhi tree and hear its sounds
if they smell its fragrance and savour its fruits
if they encounter its radiance
and reflect upon its blessings
they shall attain purity
and clarity of the six faculties the five senses
free from anguish and vexation & mental consciousness

Never regressing they shall reach

the path of buddhahood
after seeing this tree they shall acquire
the three forms of acceptance
the acceptance of the message
the acceptance of compliance
the acceptance of unborn dharma

The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

In this buddha field

the flowers, fruits and trees
perform for beings a buddha's deeds

This is all thanks to Amitayus

his awe-inspiring supernatural powers
the power of his Primal Vow as fully described in
the perfect nature of his vows 48 parts above
the clarity of his vows
his devotion to these vows
and his completion of these vows
 S
ixt
een

Lec
tur
eHall
s,Medi
ta
ti
on
Cha
mbersa
ndObser
vati
on
Towers
The lecture halls and meditation chambers of Amitayus
and the railings of observation towers too
are all naturally formed from the seven jewels
above are nets of crystal mani jewels
unrivalled in radiance and exquisiteness

The same is true of the palaces

where a great many bodhisattvas reside
inside stand bodhisattvas
lecturing on and reciting the sutras
while others take it in
there are bodhisattvas too
practising sitting and walking meditation
reflecting on the way

In the air too are bodhisattvas

lecturing on and reciting the sutras
while others take it in
in the air too are bodhisattvas
practising sitting and walking meditation
reflecting on the way

Some attain the rank of stream-enterer entering buddha path

others become once-returners reborn once more before nirvana
non-returners and arhats never reborn in the desire realm
those yet to reach the stage
of non-retrogression soon attain it
all are mindful of the way
they preach it and practise it
all without exception are full of joy and gladness
 S
eve
nte
en

TheBle
ssi
ngs
o
fSpri
ngsandPool
s
To the left and right of the lecture halls
are criss-crossing springs and pools
of equal length, breadth and depth
some are ten or twenty leagues large
others hundreds and thousands Eight virtues: sweet, cool
sedate and fragrant soft, light, clear, odourless
they are blessed with eight virtues drinkable & harmless

On their shores are countless sandalwood fragrance trees

and auspicious bilva trees with fruits and flowers
eternally fragrant, of dazzling radiance
tapering branches dense with luxuriant foliage
overlap and hang over the water
nothing in our world can compare to their fragrance
a breeze permeates the air with a rich aroma
following the course of the water it spreads its sweet smells

Seven jewels adorn the pools

golden sands line their beds
utpala, padma, kumuda and pundarika flowers
an assortment of colours, in bloom and radiant
are spread far and wide across the water's surface

If sentient beings, passing through or bathing in the water

wish for it to reach their feet
or their knees, waist, armpits or neck
if they wish for it to submerge their entire body
if they wish it to be cold or warm
if they wish its flow be calm or quick
the water adapts itself accordingly
enlarging the spirit and relaxing the body
so pure it is invisible
with jewelled sand so radiant
from no depth does it fail to shine

Imperceptible ripples sedately alter course and collide

creating unimaginably exquisite sounds
sometimes one hears
the sound of the three jewels
the sound of the perfections i.e. the Six Perfections
the sound of tranquillity and stillness
the sound of non-birth and non-cessation
the sound of the ten powers and fearlessness a Tathagata's
sometimes one hears powers
the sound of the absence of nature, being and self
the sound of great loving-kindness
compassion, sympathetic joy and equanimity
the sound of initiation and sweet dew sprinkled on the crown

After hearing such sounds their mind is purified

free from discriminative notions
with a mind upright and in equilibrium
their virtuous roots flower
having heard what they heard
they are at one with the dharma
hearing whatever they want to hear
no longer hearing what they dislike

Never regressing, their mind is fixed

upon perfect and complete sambodhi
beings from the ten directions are reborn there
within a lotus flower in a pond of seven jewels
spontaneously transformed and born anew
they acquire a body, pure and empty
a body without limitations

The agonies and vexations

the sufferings and hardships
of the three paths
are to them unheard of
such ideas cannot be conceived
let alone experienced
instead they enjoy these sounds
natural and pleasant
this is why this land is known as Sukhavati Ultimate Bliss
 Ei
ght
een

Wor
ld-
Sur
pas
si
ng
a
ndExt
rao
rdi
nar
y
 In the land of Sukhavati
all beings are exquisite in appearance
world-surpassing and extraordinary
they are all of one kind, without the slightest distinction
but for the sake of adapting to the customs of others
they are given the names heavenly and human

The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

Picture the impoverished, the suffering

and destitute people of the world
standing side by side emperors and kings
would their appearances be comparable?

Emperors and kings would seem as ignoble

in comparison with a Wheel-Turning King
as the destitute would by their sides

The majesty of a Wheel-Turning King is unrivalled

but compared with the King of Trayastrimsa i.e. Sakra
they too would seem lowly and unsightly

If Sakra were compared

with the sixth heaven divinities the highest of the
he would be outclassed desire realm heavens
by more than a hundred-thousand-fold

If the king of the sixth heaven i.e. Mara

were compared with the radiant countenances
of the bodhisattvas and sravakas of Sukhavati
he would be outclassed by a trillionfold

The palaces and clothes they own

the food and drink they enjoy
can be compared with
what is owned and enjoyed
by the King of the Sixth Heaven
No being, heavenly or human can compete
with the majesty of their powers
nor their rank
nor their mastery of supernatural transformations
they are outmatched
by a hundred, thousand, million-fold
by an immeasurable degree

Ananda, you ought to know

that Sukhavati, the land of Amitayus
is adorned with inconceivable virtues
 Ni
net
een

Co
mpl
et
eFul
fi
l
ment
In the world of Sukhavati
sentient beings already reborn
as well as those to be reborn
in the present life
or in a future life
all gain wondrous bodies
elegant and dignified in appearance
blessed with infinite merits and virtues
wisdom and perfect comprehension
mastery of supernatural powers
they enjoy great variety
and an abundance of all things
palaces and clothing, garlands and fragrant flowers
canopies and items for adornment
all appear at will when required
within the span of a single thought

When one desires food

an alms-bowl and utensils formed of seven jewels
spontaneously appear before them
food and drinks of one hundred flavours
spontaneously overflow in abundance
but although there is food
there is nothing to be eaten
its form is seen
its fragrance is smelled
using their minds they consume it
increasing the strength of the body
without the unpleasantness of waste
they are supple in mind and body
without attachment to taste
when finished eating, the illusion ceases
when the time comes again, it reappears

Marvellous jewelled clothing

enjoyed in abundance
caps, sashes and gemstone necklaces
of infinite radiance
in hundreds and thousands of exquisite colours
perfect in every way
appear spontaneously on their bodies

Their dwellings match their appearances

above are canopies made from nets of jewels
from which hang bells
made of unique and wondrous precious stones
criss-crossing, they adorn all far and wide

The brilliant radiance of these lights and colours

are unrivalled in beauty and splendour
the railings of observation towers
the eaves of palaces, their wings and galleries
are sometimes wide, sometimes narrow
sometimes square, sometimes round
sometimes they float in the air
sometimes they rest on the ground
purified and tranquil
they inspire joy and wonder
appearing before them
in accordance with their wishes
all of which are satisfied to perfection
 Twe
nty

Vi
rtuousWind,
Ra
iningFl
owers
In this buddha land
whenever it is time to eat
a virtuous breeze sedately arises
brushing the nets and many jewel trees
it produces wondrous voices
which speak of suffering, emptiness, impermanence
non-self and the perfections i.e. the Six Perfections
and emanates ten thousand kinds
of gentle, refined and virtuous fragrances
causing impurities and predispositions
in the listener to no longer arise

Touched by the breeze

they are peaceful and contented
like a bhiksu who has attained cessation
of perception and sensation

As a breeze stirs the trees of seven jewels

fallen flowers collect on the ground below
so that the buddha land is suffused all over
with a great variety of colour and light

They are arranged according to colour

without disorder, soft and gentle
immaculate and smooth like cotton

When a foot treads upon them

it submerges to the depth of four toes
when the foot is raised
they return to their original state

When the time for eating is complete

the flowers vanish of their own accord
and when the whole earth is purified
fresh flowers rain down once more
at particular times of the day
spreading all over, far and wide
just as before without the slightest deviation
six times every day
Twe
nty
-On
e

Je
welLot
use
s
a
ndBuddhaLi
ght
A great many jewel lotus flowers
are spread across the land
each possessing hundreds, thousands
and millions of leaves and infinite colours

A blue flower's light is blue

a white flower's light is white
and same goes too for all other colours
the darks, the yellows, the reds and purples

The dazzle of an infinite number of exquisite jewels

and one hundred thousand mani jewels
serve to enhance their uncommon beauty
as luminous and radiant as the sun and moon

Some lotus flowers are as large as half a league

others are as large as one, two or three
or even as large as hundreds and thousands
from within each flower emerges thirty-six trillion lights
from within each light emerges thirty-six trillion buddhas
with bodies of pure gold
and every distinctive major and minor mark

Each and every buddha shines forth

hundreds and thousands of lights
filling everywhere in the ten directions
with the teachings of the profound and subtle dharma

In this way these buddhas

establish firmly upon the path
an infinite number of beings
Twe
nty
-Two

Assur
edReal
i
sat
ion
o
ftheSupr
emeFrui
t
Ananda, in this buddha land
there is no darkness of dusk
nor the light of fire, suns and moons
nor the sparkling of stars
nor the phenomena of day and night

There are no concepts like years and aeons

no attachment to household
no designation given to place
nor discrimination between them
instead there is only joy
pure and unrivalled

If good sons and daughters

those already reborn
and those to be reborn in the future
remain upon the straight path
they are sure to attain
perfect and complete sambodhi

Why is this so?

because if one is on the wrong path
or in a state of indecision
they cannot know
how this is accomplished
Twe
nty
-Thr
ee

Prai
se
dbyBuddhas
i
ntheTenDi
rec
tio
ns
Ananda, within the realms of the east
as numerous as grains of sand in the Ganges
are buddhas as numerous as grains of sand in the Ganges
with long, broad tongues that emit infinite light
and speak words that are truthful
in praise of the inconceivable virtues of Amitayus

He is also praised by the buddhas

within the worlds of the north, south and west
as numerous as grains of sand in the Ganges
and the buddhas of the worlds
in the four intercardinal directions
as well as above and below
as numerous as grains of sand in the Ganges

Why is this so?

because they hope that beings of other realms
will hear the Buddha’s name
and become purified in mind

Recollecting, accepting and upholding his name

they take refuge in it and worship him
thus are they capable of developing a faith that is pure
within the span of a single thought
in which all virtuous roots are directed toward the desire
to be reborn in this land
in accordance with their wish
they shall be born anew
and thereafter reach the stage of non-retrogression
and ultimately achieve perfect and complete sambodhi
Twe
nty
-Fo
ur

TheThre
eCl
ass
es
ofRebo
rnBe
ing
s
The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

Heavenly and human beings of the ten directions

with minds fixed upon rebirth in this land
belong to three distinct classes
the superior class leave behind their homes
and cast their desires aside
they live ascetically and develop a mind set on bodhi
directed toward and fixed upon Amitabha Buddha
they cultivate virtues and vow to be reborn in his land

When such beings approach the end of their lives

Amitabha Buddha appears before them
alongside an assembly of nobles
in a split-second they go with him
to be reborn in his land
thereupon they are transformed and born anew
within a lotus flower formed of seven jewels
acquiring wisdom, vigour and mastery
of supernatural powers

It is for this reason, Ananda

that beings who desire to see Amitabha
in this present life
must develop a supreme bodhi mind
they must fix it upon Sukhavati
they must accumulate virtuous roots
they must maintain these roots
and direct them forward
by doing so they shall see the Buddha
and be reborn in his land
where they shall reach the stage of non-retrogression
and ultimately achieve supreme bodhi

Although those of the intermediate class

are incapable of living ascetically
if they make great efforts in cultivating virtues
they can develop a mind fixed upon supreme bodhi
directed toward and fixed upon Amitabha Buddha

If they practise according to their abilities and virtues

reverently uphold the precepts of purity
erect stupas and icons a monument housing relics
and feed wandering monks
hang silk fabrics and light lanterns
scatter flowers and burn incense
directing the merit accrued through these actions
toward their desire to be reborn in this land
then, at the end of their lives
Amitabha's emanation body
with the radiance, marks and characteristics
of the real Buddha
shall appear before them
surrounded by his great assembly
to receive and guide them
thereupon they shall be led by his emanation
to be reborn in his land
where they shall remain
within the stage of non-retrogression
and achieve supreme bodhi
in terms of spiritual virtues and wisdom
they are inferior to those of the superior class

As for those of the inferior class

if they are incapable of undertaking virtuous works
they must develop the aspiration to attain supreme bodhi
and a mind directed toward and fixed upon Amitabha Buddha
if they are joyous and resolute in faith
not giving rise to uncertainty
with a heart of perfect sincerity
and the desire to be reborn in his land
they shall, at the end of their lives
see the Buddha in a dream and attain rebirth
in terms of spiritual virtues and wisdom
they are inferior to those of the intermediate class
If beings abide in the Great Vehicle
with minds purified and directed toward Amitayus
then, even if they have practised buddha mindfulness
as few as ten times
desiring to be reborn in this land
they shall hear the profound dharma
and be liberated by faith
and ultimately acquire purity of mind
within the span of a single thought
from which emerges a mind of single thought
a mind solely mindful of the Buddha

At the end of their lives they shall see him

as if it were a dream
and be assured of rebirth in his land
where they shall reach the stage of non-retrogression
and achieve supreme bodhi
 Twe
nty
-Fi
ve

TheTr
ueCa
useo
fRe
bir
th
Ananda, if good sons and daughters after hearing this sutra
grasp it firmly, recite it, transcribe it and make offerings
day and night, unceasingly seeking rebirth in this land
if they develop a bodhi mind
if they uphold the rules and precepts
if they stand firm without transgressing
if they bring blessings to all beings
devoting their virtuous roots to their peace and happiness
mindful of Amitabha, the buddha of the west and his land
then, at the end of their lives
they shall acquire the form and characteristics of a buddha
as well as many kinds of adornment
they shall be reborn in a land of jewels
where they shall immediately hear the dharma
and remain forever at the stage of non-retrogression

Ananda, if there are beings

who desire to be reborn in his land
even though they are incapable
of exerting great effort in meditation
and upholding to the utmost the teachings and precepts
then, they must be virtuous in conduct
they must not kill living beings
they must not steal
they must not succumb to sensual desire
they must not tell lies
they must not engage in artful talk
they must not engage in malicious talk
they must not engage in double talk
they must not covet
they must not succumb to rage
they must not engage in foolish behaviour

If they adhere to these rules both night and day

while reflecting upon the many blessings
and adornments of Sukhavati, the realm of Amitabha
and resolve in their minds to take refuge in him
to prostrate themselves before him and worship him
then, at the end of their lives
they shall not feel startled or panicked
their minds shall be free from turmoil
they shall attain immediate rebirth in his land

If there are people burdened with many affairs

incapable of leaving home and possessing not the time
to uphold the precepts and achieve a purified single mind
then, when time permits
they must remain upright in body and mind
they must cut themselves off from desire
casting all worries aside
they must develop a heart of loving-kindness
and vigorous energy

They must not succumb to anger and envy

they must not succumb to greed and miserliness
they must not succumb to remorse halfway along the path
they must not succumb to hesitation and doubt
they must obey their parents
they must possess utmost sincerity and wholehearted faith
they must truly believe in the profound nature
of the Buddha’s words
they must truly believe that good deeds accrue merits
they must reverently and unfailingly uphold this dharma
they must contemplate and reflect upon
their desire for salvation
day and night, unceasingly
they must be mindful of their desire to be reborn
in the purified land of Amitabha
for ten days and nights, or even as little as one
if so, at the end of their lives
they shall be reborn in this land

Those among the reborn

who follow the bodhisattva path
shall reach the stage of non-retrogression
and acquire golden bodies
replete with the thirty-two marks of a buddha
All shall become buddhas
and serve in a buddha land of their choosing
when this is accomplished depends on their efforts
but, in tirelessly seeking the way
all shall achieve it, thus fulfilling their wishes

Ananda,
this is why the Buddha Tathagatas
from immeasurable and innumerable
inconceivable, incomparable and limitless realms
join together to extol and acclaim
the spiritual virtues of Amitayus
 Twe
nty
-Si
x

Pa
yHo ma
ge,MakeOffe
ring
s
andHeart
heDhar
ma
 Ananda, when the great many bodhisattvas
of the realms in the ten directions
wish to pay homage to Sukhavati, the land of Amitayus
they bring mandarava flowers, victory banners
and parasols bedecked with jewels
to the Buddha’s abode
and there they show him reverence
they make offerings
and are instructed in the dharma
thereafter they edify beings by proclaiming the way
and extolling the blessings and adornments of his land

Thereupon the Blessed One recited these verses,

In the buddha fields of the east

as numerous as grains of sand in the Ganges
bodhisattvas as numerous as grains of sand in the Ganges
come to pay homage to Amitayus
alongside the bodhisattvas of the north, south and west
and the four intercardinal directions

Reverently they offer precious and exquisite gifts

euphorically they sing the praises of the Most Honoured One
in elegant and harmonious tones
he who attained supernatural wisdom
and passed through the profound dharma gateway

When they hear the Buddha's sacred name

they acquire with ease the great blessing
with devotion they practise every form of worship
without succumbing to weariness
they contemplate his extraordinary land
so exquisite it is impossible to imagine
entirely adorned with spiritual virtues
it is impossible for other lands to compare

Once they develop a mind supreme

and desire to instantly achieve bodhi
a smile appears on the golden face
of the Infinite Honoured One
and from his mouth emerges a radiant light
that illuminates every realm in the ten directions

The light returns and encircles the Buddha

thrice rotating before entering his crown
when bodhisattvas see this light
they immediately realise the state of non-retrogression
all present thus celebrate and rejoice together

The sacred words of the Buddha

resound like a thunderbolt the Buddha's voice is
spoken in the all-encompassing resonant, penetrating, pure,
and exquisite sounds of the eight tones gentle, mournful, clear,
harmonious & elegant

Upright adepts who have come i.e. bodhisattvas

from the ten directions
their desires, I know them all
they are devoted to adorning the Pure Land
and receiving the prophecy of buddhahood
awakening to the knowledge
that all dharmas are nothing
but dreams, illusions and echoes
by fulfilling every wondrous vow
they are certain to form such a field

Knowing that this land is but a reflection

their minds are unceasingly fixed upon the universal vows
reaching the end of the supreme bodhisattva path
they possess the roots of every spiritual virtue
devoting themselves to the ultimate path of bodhi
they receive the prophecy of buddhahood
comprehending the intrinsic nature of every dharma
the emptiness of all things and the truth of non-self
devoting themselves to the purification of a buddha land
they are certain to form such a field
Hearing the dharma
they are joyous in practice
acquiring a state of utmost purity
they are certain to receive from the Infinitely Respected One
the prophecy of achieving complete sambodhi

Such a field is boundless and extraordinary

this is the power of the Buddha’s primal vow
hearing his name they desire to be reborn
and achieve with their own efforts
the state of non-retrogression

The ultimate desire of bodhisattvas

is that their own buddha field be no different
ever mindful of the salvation of all beings
they hope that all will develop a bodhi mind

Leaving behind their samsara bodies

leading all to the other shore
serving one hundred billion buddhas
flying over and transforming every buddha field
and then, with feelings of reverence and joy
they depart, returning to the land
of peace and sustenance
 Twe
nty
-Se
ven

Si
ngingi
nPrai
seoft
he
Buddha
'sVi
rtues
The Buddha told Ananda,

Bodhisattvas in this land are blessed

by the power and glory of the Buddha
within the duration of a meal
they can travel to and fro
between infinite pure lands
in the ten directions
and make offerings to every buddha

Flowers, incense, banners

every item of worship
as soon a notion for them occurs
instantly they appear
within their palms
exquisite and singular
like nothing this world has known
to be presented to every buddha
and the multitude of bodhisattvas

Scattered petals in the air

form and make a single flower
downwards they fall in a perfect circle
becoming a canopy
of hundreds and thousands of radiant colours
colour after colour, each unique in fragrance
permeating far and wide

Small canopies stretching as far as ten leagues

transform again and again
until they cover the whole trichiliocosm
in order of old to new
they transform and disappear
if no more offerings of scattered petals are made
those offered last remain in place

In the void, heavenly sounds are made

exquisite voices, they sing in praise
of the virtues of the Buddha
then in a flash
they all return to his land
to gather in the lecture hall of seven jewels
where Amitayus lectures on the Great Teaching
and expounds the wondrous dharma
leaving all without exception
in a state of joy
with faith and understanding
they find the way

Thereupon a fragrant breeze blows

through the trees of seven jewels
producing the five musical tones
infinite numbersof exquisite flowers are blown
and scatter in the four directions
spontaneous offerings like these
are made unceasingly

From each divinity is offered

a hundred thousand kinds of flowers and incense
and ten thousand types of musical performance
in homage to buddhas
and the great multitude of bodhisattvas and sravakas
from first to last they come and go
in high spirits and full of cheer

This is thanks to the power

of the primal vow of Amitayus
past offerings made to tathagatas
and the continuous flow of virtuous roots through unceasing
free from imperfection mindfulness
in addition to skilful practice
assimilation and attainment of virtues/adornment of Sukhavati
Twe
nty
-Ei
ght

TheDivi
neLi
ght
oft
heGrea
tOnes
The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

This buddha land's many bodhisattvas

possess piercing vision and penetrating hearing
in the eight directions, above and below
of matters done, yet to come, and those just now unfolding
of beings of all kinds, from the heavenly and human
down to the crawling, flying and wriggling
their thoughts both good and evil
their words before they leave their mouths
the moment they shall attain salvation
the moment they shall find the way and be reborn
all of it they know

Moreover, the light from the bodies

of the sravakas of this buddha land
shines as far as eight feet
the light of bodhisattvas
shines for hundreds of leagues
among them, two reign supreme
with majestic light that shines
upon an entire trichiliocosm

Ananda asked the Buddha the names of these two bodhisattvas,

and the Buddha answered,

One is Guanyin
the other is Mahasthamaprapta
they devote themselves within the world of men
to the bodhisattva way
reborn in this land
they are often at the side of Amitabha Buddha
they appear at will in any of the infinite abodes
of the ten directions
at present they reside in this realm
bringing about great blessings and happiness
worldly good sons and daughters
if in peril or fright
need only entrust themselves to Bodhisattva Guanyin
and without exception they shall be saved
 Twe
nty
-Ni
ne

ThePowero
ftheVow,
Immens
eandProf
ound
Ananda, bodhisattvas of this buddha land
both present and future
shall ultimately attain buddhahood in a single lifetime
excepting those who take on the great vows
and enter the realm of birth and death
for the sake of saving the living
using the lion's roar, donning the great armour
adorning themselves with the virtues
of the universal vows
even when born into the world 5 corruptions: degeneration of
of evil and the five corruptions views, afflictions, beings,
these wonders remain with them their lifespans & the aeon itself
until they reach buddhahood
never experiencing the evil destinies
no matter where born, remembering their past lives

Amitabha Buddha, wishing to save all beings

living in the worlds of the ten directions
leads them to rebirth in his land
upon the path to nirvana
as bodhisattvas, he leads them to buddhahood
once buddhas they give others instruction
and bring others salvation
this process ever-ongoing
is impossible to measure

The number of sravakas

bodhisattvas and beings
within the realms of the ten directions
who are born into his buddha land
upon the path to nirvana, becoming buddhas
is impossible to measure

His buddha land is eternally in harmony

with the one dharma, never changing
...why is this so?
The great ocean governs the water
all waters flow toward it and enter it
how could it be that this ocean
as a consequence
expands or shrinks?

In the eight directions, above and below

are countless buddha lands
the land of Amitabha is immensely vast
it is radiant and beautiful and full of joy
it is supreme and without equal

This is a consequence of the time

when as a bodhisattva
he desired to seek the way
and the virtues he accumulated
he graciously bestowed
upon all in the eight directions, above and below
inexhaustible and limitless
immense, profound and immeasurable
impossible to express in words
 Thi
rt
y

TheSe
lf
-Cul
ti
vati
on
o
fBodhi
sat
tva
s
Ananda, every bodhisattva in this buddha field
their meditative concentration
their knowledge and wisdom
their supernatural powers
and the power of their majesty
are all without exception
in a state of complete perfection

Possessing complete comprehension

of the Buddha's esoteric teachings
they have tamed every faculty 7 branches of awakening:
they are flexible in body and mind 1. mindfulness
thus they penetrate true wisdom 2. investigation of states
with no more lingering bad habits 3. energy 4. bliss
they follow in the footsteps 5. tranquillity
of the Buddha, taking the noble path 6. concentration
with its seven branches of awakening 7. equanimity

They develop five eyes

which illuminate the truth
and penetrate beyond the profane
the flesh eye examines
the divine eye penetrates
the dharma eye purifies
the wisdom eye sees the truth
the buddha eye does it all

Awakened to the nature of dharma

eloquent and self-possessed
without constraint or obstruction
skilfully they reveal
the limitless expedient means
existing within the world

Sincere and truthful in speech

they reach the very essence of things
saving all beings by teaching the true dharma
beyond form and conditioning
beyond attachment and freedom
beyond all conception
detached from delusion
they receive and enjoy without grasping
they travel to buddha fields far and wide
without feelings of partiality and loathing
nor do they entertain the notion
of desiring non-desire
nor do they feel enmity and resentment
due to notions of the self and the other
...why is this so?

Because bodhisattvas have great compassion

and loving-kindness for every being
and the desire to bring them the benefits
which come from casting aside every attachment
and acquiring infinite virtues
and unimpeded wisdom
that comprehends the ultimate reality
beneath all dharmas
perceiving origination and extinction

Speaking with skilful expedience

never revelling in profane talk
they take joy in discoursing upon the truth
knowing that every dharma is empty and still
the mental and physical afflictions of the body
these two lingering factors are entirely no more

Within the three realms, they practise with impartiality

upon the one vehicle, until they reach the other shore
tearing asunder the web of doubt
realizing that there is nothing to be obtained

Through expedient wisdom, they grow in knowledge

always, from the very start, abiding firmly
within the use of supernatural power
they attain the path of the one vehicle

It was never due to any other that they were awoken

Thi
rt
y-On
e

Tr
ueVi
rt
ues
Vast and deep is their wisdom
like the ocean
lofty and expansive is their bodhi
like Mount Sumeru
majestically radiant are their bodies
surpassing the sun and moon
immaculately white are their minds
like the Himalayas
enduring like the earth
entirely level and even
purifying like water
washing away all dirt
blazing like fire
burning the fuel of affliction
never clinging like the wind
free from obstruction
the dharma resounds like a thunderbolt
awakening the unconscious
raining down droplets of sweet dharma
refreshing all beings
their great loving-kindness
as vast as the void
like an unblemished lotus flower
untainted by dirt
like a banyan tree
providing shelter for many
like a diamond cutter
severing all attachments to delusion
like the Cakravada mountains
a horde of demons and heretics cannot shake them

Upright in mind, skilful and resolute

they discourse upon the dharma
without weariness
they seek the dharma
without fatigue
their morals are like the beryl stone
clear and transparent, both inside and out
their words make beings
submit themselves joyfully
beating the dharma drum
erecting the dharma banner
revealing the sun of wisdom
eradicating the darkness of delusion
pure and gentle
serene in concentration and perceptive
as great leaders
taming themselves and others
helping all living beings
cast aside every attachment
that they may be eternally detached
from the three impurities
free to indulge in their supernatural powers

As a result of the power of his vows

and the virtuous roots they developed
they vanquish the troops of Mara
they honour and serve every buddha
a bright lamp for the world
creating a field of merit, unsurpassed
a truly extraordinary fortune, worthy of reverence
majestic and joyous, bold and fearless
their appearance, their marks and characteristics
their virtues and their eloquence
are perfectly adorned and without equal
unceasingly they are praised by all buddhas
possessing a bodhisattva's every perfection
abiding eternally in samadhi
neither arising nor ceasing
travelling to dharma sanctuaries far and wide
leaving those on the two vehicles far behind i.e. sravakas &
pratyekabuddhas
Just now, Ananda
I have merely provided a sketch
of the virtues of reborn bodhisattvas
in this realm of Sukhavati
if I were to speak of them extensively
I would not get through them all
even after hundreds and thousands of aeons
 Thi
rt
y-Two

Li
mit
le
ssLongevi
ty
andHappine
ss
The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya Bodhisattva and the heavenly
and human beings present,

Inexpressible are the virtues and wisdom

of the sravakas and bodhisattvas
of the land of Amitayus
his land is wondrous and peaceful
pure and full of joy

Why then, do you not strive

to do good and be naturally placed
upon the path of mindfulness

Coming and going

making offerings
gaining insight from the sutras
following the way
delighting in persistent cultivation

Able, valiant, wise

with minds that do not deviate
determined, never slacking
on the outside unhurried
on the inside charging forward
capacious as the void
reaching its centre
the outer and inner are in harmony
and in order, as a matter of course
when one is self-restrained and upright
mind and body are immaculate

Without craving and greed

one's vows remain unshaken
without increase or decrease
seeking the way
in harmony with what is right
never turning toward heresy
acting in accordance with the sutras
complying with instruction
never daring to overstep the line
all for the sake of the path esteemed
devoid of other thoughts

Free from anxiety

naturally effortless
empty, creating nothing
peaceful and contented

Free from desire

undertaking virtuous vows
wholeheartedly seeking their fulfilment
full of pity and compassion
fully in accord with ritual and duty
embracing the external and internal
going beyond and gaining release
naturally safeguarding
their true immaculate whiteness

With unsurpassed ambition

pure concentration, peace and joy
like the breaking of dawn
the way is cleared
illuminating the real within the real
the very root of reality
its true lights and appearances
permeate one another
producing magnificent transformations

As the seven jewels emerge in Uttarakuru 1 of the 4 continents

from the void emerges myriad things that surround Mt. Sumeru
the radiant, the sublime, the luminous
excellent and extraordinary, without comparison
revealing that which has neither highs nor lows
penetrating that which has no limits

Each of you ought to strive

with great effort to seek this
for you are certain to attain
the transcendent dharma
and rebirth in the buddha land of Amitabha
a land of immeasurable purity
escaping the five destinies, blocked from evil paths

The path supreme and limitless

is easy to reach
but there, there are none or few
not because people are contrary to this land
but because their nature drags them from it

Cast aside ambition

and be like the void
strive in seeking the way and its power
obtain life of utmost longevity
and happiness without limit
why cling to worldly things
fighting and fussing over that which is fleeting
 Thi
rt
y-Thr
ee

Enc
oura
gingWor
ds,
Spur
ri
ngAdvanc
ement
The worldly contend among each other
over matters of little urgency
in this world of extreme wickedness
and intense suffering
they strain their bodies with hasty exertion
in pursuit of what brings them profit

Regardless of status, wealth, age and gender

everyone frets unceasingly
piling up worries
slaves to their own hearts

Those with land, fuss over land

those without, fuss over that
with or without, worries are the same
having one thing, they desire something else
yearning to be like others

Even if they possess little

still they fret
over its impermanence
by floods and fires
robbers and thieves
enemies and creditors
it could be burnt
set adrift or seized
wiped out, gone forever

The heart is hard, the mind is inflexible

incapable of letting go
yet when life ends
all is left behind
nothing leaves here
for both rich or poor
worries and agonies come in many forms

People of the world

father and son, brother and brother
husband and wife, parents and relatives
all should share in mutual love and respect
instead of hating and envying one another

Those who have, should share

with those who have nought
without greed or attachment
always gentle in word and bearing
never untoward or contrary

A quarrelsome mind
full of passion and fury
grows fiercer as time passes
until at last it turns to hatred
thus in worldly matters
injury leads to more injury
even if it comes not instantly
you must urgently consider
putting a stop to this cycle

In the midst of craving and desire

people are born alone and die alone
a solitary entrance, a solitary exit
your joys and sorrows
are made for you alone
no one can take your place
the ever-evolving manifestations
of good and evil actions
follow you through rebirth
if paths diverge
there is no hope of meeting again
so why not, while time is ripe
strive to do good
...what exactly are you waiting for?

The worldly cannot perceive good and evil

omens ill or otherwise
portending fortune or disaster
each compete in deeds
the body knows not what it does
the spirit is mired in darkness
thus they embrace other teachings
and delusions beget more delusions
impermanence is at their root
enveloped in darkness
they are in denial
with no faith in the dharma
lacking foresight, chasing pleasure
led astray by enmity
coveting material wealth
and beautiful things
all their lives without rest
...what a pity

Their ancestors were evil

thus they fail to recognise
the way and its power
for none have told them
for this they can hardly be blamed

The rebirth destinies

the good and evil paths
in this they have no faith
they say no such thing exists
but what they see of others
they shall soon see for themselves
fathers weeping over sons
sons weeping over fathers
brother and brother, husband and wife
weep and shed tears for one another
passing away and being reborn
longing for one another
bound by worry and attachment
no time to attain release

With love and affection

they remain stuck to desire
incapable of deep contemplation
they cannot even consider following the way
yet in no time at all
life comes to an end
from this there is no escape

The way bewilders many

the awakened are few
they harbour a deadly poison
and an evil aura enshrouds them
in the deepest dark
they commit deeds based on falsehood
defying heaven and earth
wilfully they commit the utmost evil
until in an instant
their life is snatched away
from there they fall
into the evil paths
with no hope of escaping

You must consider casting evil aside

and choosing what is good and practising it
for the things you crave and desire
the glorious, the beautiful
cannot be preserved forever
they all shall vanish
in that you will find no pleasure

You must make the effort to be reborn

in the land of peace and happiness
where you can cultivate wisdom and insight
virtues that cannot be rivalled
do not fall pray to your desires
do not betray the teachings and rules
lest you fall behind the progress of others
Thi
rt
y-Fo
ur

Se
eingt
heLi
ght
Maitreya addressed the Buddha,

The Buddha speaks of the teachings and precepts

with such depth and brilliance
we are all enveloped in his compassion and beneficence
liberated from worry and pain

The Buddha is the Dharma King

pre-eminent among nobles
with a radiance that illuminates
and penetrates limitless depths

The Buddha is master

of every heavenly and human being
and today we meet him
and hear his teaching of infinite life
every one of us is filled with joy
our minds have seen the light

The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

Reverence shown to buddhas

this is the greatest good
truly you must practise buddha mindfulness
and put an end to doubts
uproot all cravings
and block all sources of evil
so you can wander freely
through the three realms
without entanglements
opening and revealing the path that is true
and saving those yet unsaved

You must understand that people in the ten directions

have, for endless aeons 5 paths of rebirth:
gone back and forth heavenly, human, animal
between the five paths ghost & hell denizen
 their anxiety and suffering never ending
they suffer when born
they suffer when old
they suffer intensely in sickness
they suffer intensely in death
foul-smelling and defiled
in this there is no happiness

Therefore you must resolve

to cleanse your mind of impurity
to speak and act with faith and devotion
with the outer and inner in perfect harmony
such people can save themselves and uplift others
carrying them to the other shore
with total focus upon their aspiration
they accumulate virtuous roots
although one strives lifelong
it amounts to a mere instant
compared with the hereafter in the land of Amitayus
where one experiences joy and happiness without limits
where the cause of rebirth and death is forever uprooted
where suffering and vexation are never more
where one lives for a great many million aeons
free to do as one wishes

Therefore each of you must strive

and be beyond all doubt
for those who commit such an error
are reborn on the borderlands
within walls formed of the seven jewels
in state of disconnection for five hundred years

Maitreya addressed the Buddha,

For our sake,

the Buddha has shone light upon his teachings
thus we must focus solely upon study and practice
and do so with reverence
in accordance with his doctrine
never daring to doubt
 Thi
rt
y-Fi
ve

TheEvi
l
sandSuffe
ring
sofa
n
I
mpureWo rl
d
The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

In this world, to be capable

of rectifying your mind
and doing no evil
is truly the greatest virtue
...why is this so?

In all worlds in the ten directions

good is abundant, evil is scarce
to open the way and edify is easy
only in this world of five evils see below
is suffering so intense

I now serve here as buddha

to instruct and edify all living beings
to help them abandon the five evils
to depart from the five agonies
to detach from the five burnings
to subdue and reform their thinking
to make them embrace the five goods see below
and acquire their merits and virtues

What are these five? evils

The first:

Every kind of being in the world

wishes to commit many evils
to do others harm
the strong oppresses the weak
and in turn is oppressed
by those even stronger

They hurt, they injure

they wound, they kill
they devour one another
they do not know how to be good
in consequence they receive a punishment most dire

Thus they are deprived and lonely

deaf, blind and mute
stupid and hateful
physically infirm and mentally deranged
all because in past lives
they had no faith
in the way and its power
thus they were unwilling to do good

Those who are distinguished

the nobles, the wealthy and powerful
the worthy, the wise, the elders
the intelligent and the brave
the gifted and the insightful
are the way they are
due to the loving-kindness
and filial piety practised in past lives
and the good they did
and the virtues they acquired
this reality unfolds in the world
right before our eyes

When their lives end

they enter the netherworld
reborn once more, they receive a body
changing form and switching paths
as a consequence
there exist denizens of hell
birds and beasts
crawling, flying and wriggling creatures
like the wordly dharma of imprisonment
there is intense suffering
a punishment most dire

Spirit and heavenly essence

follow in the direction of one's crimes
when receiving a lifespan, short or long
they go along together
and are reborn together
where retribution leads to further retribution

Yet the misfortune caused by evil

has not ended
when their end comes
they cannot leave
to and fro they pass within these paths
for aeon after aeon
exit is impossible
salvation is impossible
...an unspeakable sadness
between heaven and earth
it is naturally this way
even if retribution comes not instantly
good and evil deeds will return to the doer

The second:

People of the world

are contrary to the dharma and the precepts
they are profligate and dissolute
arrogant and reckless
they indulge themselves
in whatever takes their fancy
occupying high rank but lacking wisdom
possessing authority but lacking uprightness
they entrap others with false allegations
bringing woe to the good and loyal
what they think and what they say
are not the same
they use every kind of trickery and falsehood

People noble and lowly

both here and overseas
cheat and deceive each other
due to ill-will and ignorance
they desire to enrich themselves
always craving more
Gains and losses
result in rage and animosity
destroying families and causing death
heedless of the consequences
the rich are miserly, unwilling to give
clinging to desire, weighed down by greed
the heart is vexed, the body suffers
thus they are until their end

In the hereafter nothing comes with them

but good and evil deeds
the weal and woe they have created
follows them through rebirth
to a joyful place
or one of bitter suffering

Moreover, when they see

one who does good
they despise them
they speak ill of them
they do not think of emulating them
and measuring up to them

Perpetually they think of taking

what is not theirs
wishing to take advantage of others
to benefit themselves
and when all is gone
they do it again to someone else

The divinities take note of this

and so, in the end
they enter the evil destinies
as a matter of course
upon the three paths
of infinite troubles
to and fro they pass
for aeon after aeon
exit is impossible
...an unspeakable sadness
The third:

People of the world

are reliant on each other
in their short lives
lacking goodness are those
neither upright in body nor mind
perpetually full of wickedness
perpetually full of illicit thoughts
anxiety and vexation

Their perverse frame of mind

reveals itself visibly
they squander their family's wealth
they engage in illegal affairs
averse to that which they ought seek

Moreover, some of them get together

they start wars and fight each other
they assault and they pillage
they wound and they slaughter
they intimidate and they take by force
and what they have taken
they give to wives and children
they exhaust themselves in making merry

Thus the masses feel hatred for them

resulting in misery and suffering
such evil is apparent
to both man and spirit

The divinities take note

so naturally they enter the evil paths
of infinite suffering and vexation
to and fro they pass
for aeon after aeon
exit is impossible
....an unspeakable sadness
The fourth:

People of the world

never think of doing good
they use double talk and malicious words
they tell lies and use artful language
they despise and envy the good
they destroy the worthy and wise
they disobey mother and father
they pay no heed to elders and teachers
there is no trust between friends
seldom are they honest
they glorify themselves
and claim to possess the way
they act like tyrants
with no respect for others
yet they want to be admired
they feel no shame
they can neither be taught nor tamed
ever full of pride
yet they rely upon past lives
protected by the fortune
and virtues there accrued
they do evil in this life
until their fortune runs dry
and their life expires
thereupon, they are surrounded
confronted by their evil deeds

Moreover, in the book of names

they are recorded by divinities
they are drawn toward calamity
with no way of escaping
instead they must advance
and enter the boiling cauldron
where mind and body are dashed to pieces
the most intense suffering
of consciousness and form
at this point, repentance has come too late
The fifth:

People of the world

are wavering and hesitant
indolent and apathetic
they are unwilling to do good
or discipline themselves
and pursue a vocation

They turn their backs on and disobey

the instruction of their parents
treating them like enemies
their parents would have been better off
had they never been born
they betray their kindness
they fail in their duties
in no way returning what they owe

Dissolute and self-indulgent

drunkards and gluttons
boorish and belligerent
insensible to human feeling
unprincipled and uncivilised
no admonishment can help
in making them see the light

They spare no thought

for the material well-being
of family and friends
never do they consider
the kindness of their parents
never are they mindful
of their duty to friends and teachers
from their minds, mouths and bodies
not the slightest good emerges

In the Buddha's teachings

they have no faith
in rebirth, in good and evil
they have no faith
they desire to harm the worthy
to create disorder within the samgha
witless and benighted
they believe themselves wise
they know not where they came from in birth
nor where they are heading in death

They are unkind and intractable

yet they yearn for longevity
of the things they have been taught
with great loving-kindness
they are unwilling to believe

Of the things they have been told

at painstaking effort
to them it has no benefit
their hearts are sealed
their minds are closed to understanding
at the time ordained, their end shall come
feeling remorse and fright
they did no good ahead of time
and only now do they repent
...what is the use in that?

Between heaven and earth

are five distinct paths
the recompense for good and evil
borne together are fortune and misfortune
to be confronted on one's own
no one can do it for them

The good do good

by way of joy
they partake in joy
by way of wisdom
they partake in wisdom
the evil do evil
by causing suffering
they partake in suffering
in a benighted state
they experience darkness

Who comprehends this?

only the Buddha comprehends
few are those with faith
few are those who practise
his revealed words of instruction

Endlessly dying and being reborn

never leaving the evil paths
thus are the people of the world
it is hard to get through them all

As a consequence the three paths exist

as a matter of course
where people experience
infinite suffering and affliction
where endlessly they pass to and fro
for generation after generation
for aeon after aeon
with no hope of escaping
release is impossible
...an unspeakable sadness

Thus are the five evils, pains and burnings

like a great fire scorching the body
however, if one existing within them can
focus their mind and control their thoughts 1st good
discipline their body and practise right-mindfulness 2nd good
make word and action correspond 3rd good
act with total sincerity 4th good
do only good and no evil 5th good
then, they alone shall attain liberation
and acquire the fortune and blessings therein
attaining longevity upon the path to nirvana
these are the five goods
 Thi
rt
y-S
ix

Re
peat
edIns
truct
ion
andExhor
tati
on
The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

I told you that the five evils, pains and burnings

give birth to one another
those who still dare to commit them
shall experience the evil paths

For some it begins in this life

with sickness and calamity
in a state neither alive nor dead
for all to see

For some, when the time comes

they enter the three evil paths
their faces ablaze
with misery and cruelty

Together with their enemies

they wound and kill each other
the insignificant and imperceptible
turn into difficulties of great severity

All because of greed and attachment

to material wealth and alluring things
an unwillingness to show generosity
each only out to satisfy themselves
not caring whether their actions
are upright or crooked

Driven by foolish desire

to enrich themselves
they compete for profit, for wealth and rank
for glory, splendour and momentary pleasure

Incapable of forbearance
they do not devote themselves
to doing good
their power and prestige
in no time at all
turns to dust and vanishes

The way of heaven unfolds

delivering justice as a matter of course
alone they stand in trepidation
of the place they shall soon enter
thus has it been
from antiquity to the present day
such misery... truly lamentable

You have heard the Buddha's teaching

now consider it with care
each of you
upright and observant
lifelong, never slacking

Venerate the noble and good

extend to all your loving-kindness
seek to go beyond this world
uproot the origins of samsara
and every kind of evil
leave the three paths behind
the way of trouble, fear and pain

Of your good actions, what shall be first?

You must rectify mind and body

ears, eyes, mouth and nose
physically and mentally purified
in harmony with what is good

You must not succumb

to craving and desire
commit no evil deeds
be gentle in word and bearing
single-minded in conduct
vigilant in every action
calm and composed
for hurried action ends in regret
and a lack of care undermines effort
Thi
rt
y-S
eve
n

A Po
orMa nGi
ven
Prec
iousJ
ewe
ls
You must extensively cultivate
virtuous roots
you must not transgress
the prohibitions of the way

To have patience and effort

a heart of loving-kindness, singly focused
purified by the precepts
for one day and one night
surpasses a hundred years of good deeds
in the land of Amitayus
...why is this so?

Because this buddha land possesses

every accumulated virtue
every good
not a single iota of evil

To do good here in our world

for ten days and nights
surpasses a thousand years of good deeds
in other buddha lands
...why is this so?

In other buddha lands

people naturally possess blessings and virtues
for them, there is no situation
where evil can be committed
only in this world
of little good and abundant evil
where bitterness is swallowed
and poison eaten
is there never a taste of tranquillity

I have pity for you all

and so I take great pains
in instructing through analogy
and imparting the dharma
for all to uphold and consider
and reverently practise
senior and junior
male and female
loved ones and friends
imparting to each other
the words of instruction
cautious and restrained in bearing
in harmony with what is right and true
cheerful in their filial devotion
when they transgress in their deeds
they admit their own error
they leave behind evil
and head toward the good
hearing admonishment at dawn
they have rectified by dusk
holding fast to the teachings and precepts
like a poor man given precious jewels

Amend past errors

and cultivate for the future
cleanse your mind
make a change in behaviour
and nature yields in response
all that is desired shall be obtained

Where the Buddha's words

are put into effect
in cities and villages
none are not edified
everything under heaven is in harmony
the sun and moon are bright and clear
wind and rain come at the right season
disasters and plagues never arise
countries flourish, the people are at peace
weapons are obsolete
virtue and fellow-feeling are exalted
courtesy is practised by all
the land is free of robbers and thieves
 free of all injustice
the strong oppress not the weak
and each person gets their due

I have pity for you all

surpassing the fondness
parents have for their children
in this world I serve as buddha
curing evil with goodness
uprooting the misery of rebirth and death
leading all to acquire the five virtues practice of the
and ascend to the ease of the non-conditioned 5 Goods above

After my final nirvana

the way of my teachings
shall gradually vanish
the people will be false
they will be flatterers
once again they will do evil
the five burnings and pains
in the future, will exacerbate

Therefore you must impart to one another

the teachings and precepts
live in accordance with the Buddha's dharma
never transgressing it

Maitreya Bodhisattva, with palms together, addressed the Buddha,

Such are the evils and sufferings

of the people of the world
just so, just so

The Buddha has compassion for all

and all shall he save

I have received the Buddha's repeated instruction

this, I dare neither transgress nor disregard
 Thi
rt
y-Ei
ght

Ho
mag
etot
heBuddha
'sLi
ght
The Buddha proclaimed to Ananda,

If you wish to see the land

where the Buddha
of Immeasurable, Pure and Impartial Sambodhi
and his many bodhisattvas and arhats reside
you must arise and face the west
toward the place where the sun sets
prostrate with reverence
and acclaim aloud
Homage to Amitabha Buddha Chinese: Namo Amituofo
Japanese: Namu Amida Butsu

Ananda immediately arose. As he faced the west with palms

together, he prostrated and announced,

I wish to see Sukhavati

the world of Amitabha Buddha
I wish to pay homage and serve him
and plant many virtuous roots

Between his prostrations, he suddenly witnessed Amitabha

Buddha,

His large and broad countenance

his elegant and dignified appearance
like a mountain made of gold
rising above every world

Moreover, he heard the Buddha Tathagatas of every world in the

ten directions praise the myriad virtues of Amitabha Buddha. Their
praise was unimpeded and uninterrupted. Thereupon, he addressed
the Buddha,

This buddha's purified field...

never has such a thing been seen
I wish to enjoy a life in this land
The Blessed One proclaimed,

Those reborn have already drawn near in past lives

to infinite buddhas
and have already planted
many virtuous roots

If you desire to be reborn in this land

you must be of one mind
you must take refuge in him
and worship him

As this was spoken,

Within the palm of Amitabha

shone forth infinite light
upon every buddha land
so at that moment
all were clearly visible
as if an arm's length away
due to extraordinary radiance
and supreme purity
of Amitabha Buddha

Within this realm

the Black Mountains Kalaparvata
the Snow Mountains Himalayas
the Diamond Mountains Vajraparvata
the Iron Ring Mountains Cakravada (see above)
all mountains large and small
rivers, groves and the palaces of divinities
of every realm were illuminated
just as the rising sun illuminates the world

Even such places as the murky and dark

chasms and creeks, the hidden and unseen
all were revealed
and all were of one colour i.e. gold
Just as the end-of-aeon floods engulf the world
submerging all things beneath a vast, boundless deluge
leaving nothing visible but a great body of water
so too did the radiance of this buddha
obscure the light of every sravaka and bodhisattva
so that only his light could be seen
luminous and majestic
bhiksus, bhiksunis,
The fourfold assembly upasakas, upasikas
the eight legions of devas and nagas non-humans of desire realm
the human-yet-non-human and so on horse/bird-men of
all beheld the world of Sukhavati the eight legions
its myriad adornments
and Amitabha Buddha upon his high seat
awe-inspiring and majestic
his marks and characteristics shining brightly
surrounded and worshipped by sravakas and bodhisattvas

Like Sumeru, king of mountains

rising from the surface of the ocean
clearly visible and shining brightly
pure and upright
free from all manner of impurity
without any incongruous element
solely adorned by myriad jewels
the abode of the noble and worthy

Ananda, alongside the bodhisattvas

and the other members among the masses
joyously and eagerly paid homage
touching his head to the ground
and acclaiming aloud:

Homage to Amitabha
the complete and perfect enlightened one

When everyone from the heavenly and human

down to the crawling, flying and wriggling
witnessed this radiant being
their maladies and miseries
without exception vanished
released from all anxiety and vexation
thereafter they were able
to perform good deeds
with hearts of loving-kindness
experiencing joy and happiness

The sounds of instruments

bells, chimes, zithers and harps
unplayed, came naturally
producing the five musical tones
all heavenly and human beings of every buddha land
scattered flowers in the void as offerings

Thereupon,
as a consequence of the Buddha's awe-inspiring power
the world of Sukhavati
beyond millions of lands to the west
appeared as if right before their eyes
just as the pure divine eye
perceives an object eight feet away
thus too did they see this land
and so too did all observe the world of men
and Sakyamuni Tathagata
surrounded by a multitude of bhiksus
as he preached the dharma
Thi
rt
y-Ni
ne

Ma
it
rey
aRecount
s
Hi
sVis
ions
Thereupon, the Buddha proclaimed to Ananda and Maitreya
Bodhisattva,

You saw the world of Sukhavati

its palaces and pavilions
its springs, pools and many trees
were they not perfectly exquisite
purified and adorned?

Did you not see every divinity

from the realm of desire
up to the highest heaven of the realm of subtle form
rain down a great many fragrant flowers
upon buddha lands far and wide?

Ananda replied,

Indeed, I saw

The Buddha continued,

Did you not hear the great voice of Amitabha Buddha

proclaim throughout every world, edifying all beings?

Ananda replied,

Indeed, I heard

The Buddha continued,

Did you not see the pure practitioners of this land

who wander freely within the void
their palaces accompanying them
without obstruction, far and wide
throughout the ten directions
make offerings to every buddha?
 And did you not witness
their unceasing buddha mindfulness?

Again, did you all not see

such transformations
as multitude of birds
dwelling in the void
produce a great many sounds

Maitreya addressed the Buddha,

We saw them all

exactly as the Buddha said

The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

Did you not see too

that among the people of this land
were the womb-born?

Maitreya addressed the Buddha,

Blessed One, I saw the people of Sukhavati

who dwell within wombs
just as the divinities of the Yama Heaven
dwell within palaces

Moreover, I saw beings

within lotus flowers
sitting in the lotus position cross-legged,
spontaneously transformed soles of feet facing upward

For what reason

are people of this land
womb-born and spontaneously reborn?
 Fo
rty

TheBor
derl
and
a
ndt
heCit
adelo
fDoubt
The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

There are sentient beings

who cultivate spiritual virtues
with a doubtful mind
yet they desire
to be reborn in this land

They cannot comprehend

the Buddha's wisdom
his inconceivable wisdom
his indescribable wisdom
his vast Great Vehicle wisdom
his supreme, unequalled and unrivalled wisdom

In this wisdom they have doubts

and little faith
yet they believe
in punishment and reward
so they cultivate virtuous roots
and wish to be reborn in this land

There are also sentient beings

who accumulate virtuous roots
and seek the Buddha's wisdom
his universal wisdom
his unequalled wisdom
his inconceivable wisdom
of awe-inspiring power and vastness

But regarding their own virtuous roots

they cannot generate faith
so regarding rebirth in the pure land
their determination wavers
for they have nothing to solely rely upon
yet with the practice of unceasing buddha mindfulness
formed as the root of their virtuous desire
they can go on to attain rebirth
Such people, although reborn in this land
cannot approach the place of Amitayus
they reach only so far as the borderland
inside walls formed of the seven jewels

This is not the Buddha's doing

but the consequence
of their own conduct
and their mind's orientation

There are also those

who spontaneously acquire
a body within a lotus flower
in a pond of jewels
the food and drink they enjoy
can be compared with what is enjoyed
in the Trayastrimsa heaven see Heaven of the Thirty-Three above

Within these walls

they cannot leave
their dwellings are rooted to the ground
they cannot make them larger at will

For five hundred years

they cannot see the Buddha
or hear the dharma
nor can they see the bodhisattvas, sravakas
and nobles of the samgha

They are not illuminated in wisdom

and their knowledge of the sutras is slim
their hearts are closed to understanding
and their minds experience no joy
for this reason
those who exist here are called the womb-born

If sentient beings with clear-seeing faith

in the Buddha's wisdom
his supreme wisdom
have eradicated all doubts
have faith in their own virtuous roots
and perform many virtuous deeds
with mind focused and directed ahead
they shall be spontaneously transformed and reborn
within a flower formed of the seven jewels
there they shall sit in the lotus position
and in a mere instant, their bodies shall become radiant
with wisdom and virtue
like bodhisattvas, perfect and complete

Maitreya, you should know

that transformative rebirth
is the result of superior wisdom
and that for five hundred years
the womb-born
do not see the three jewels
do not know the ways of bodhisattvas
and do not acquire the virtues of their practice
thus they have no way of serving Amitayus Buddha

You should know that this is because

in past lives they lacked wisdom
and harboured doubts
 Fo
rty
-On
e

NoMo reDo
ubt
s,
TheBuddhai
sSe
en
 Imagine the prison of a Wheel-Turning King
formed of the seven jewels
where rule-breaking emperors are locked inside
with towers and elegantly adorned palaces
jewelled canopies and beds made of gold
ornate windows and benches adored exquisitely
with rare and precious stones

They enjoy the same food and clothing

as the Wheel-Turning King
but golden manacles bind their feet
...could these lesser kings be happy there?

Maitreya addressed the Buddha,

Blessed One, they cannot be!

throughout the time they are imprisoned and constrained
their minds are not at ease

In vain, they devise many skilful means

seeking their escape
they seek out their closest servants
but alas, there is nothing they can do
only when the Wheel-Turning King is happy
can they be set free

The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

There are sentient beings like this too

sinking into doubt and remorse
they seek the Buddha's wisdom
his supremely vast and great wisdom
but they have no faith in their own virtuous roots
yet when they hear the Buddha's name
faith grows in their heart
they are reborn in this land
within a lotus flower
from which they do not emerge
To be a lotus-womb dweller
is like being in a garden or palace
...why is this so?

On the inside all is purified

devoid of all impurity and evil
yet they remain there for five hundred years
they cannot see the three jewels
they cannot make offerings to buddhas
they cannot serve them
they are detached from all extraordinary, virtuous roots
for this reason they suffer and experience no happiness

If these beings recognise

the root source of their misdeeds
if they practise deep self-reflection
and seek to depart from this place
only then can they leave
when retribution for past errors
has come to an end

Thereupon, they go instantly

to the place of Amitayus
and hear the dharma
gradually they see the light
and feel great joy
able to make universal offerings
to innumerable buddhas
and cultivate spiritual virtues

Maiteya, you should know

that to have doubts about bodhisattvas
is to cause great harm
and forfeit a great blessing
therefore, you must have clear-seeing faith
in the supreme wisdom of buddhas
Maitreya addressed the Buddha,

Why is it that beings of this type

do not seek rebirth
although they do good deeds?

The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

Beings of this type

have shallow understanding
having determined that the land in the west
is no match for the world of divinities i.e. rebirth as
they believe it brings no joy heavenly being
therefore they do not seek rebirth there

Maitreya addressed the Buddha,

If beings of this type

due to misunderstanding
do not seek rebirth in this buddha land
how can they avoid the wheel of samsara?

The Buddha explained,

The virtuous roots planted

by beings of this type
cannot be detached from form
they do not seek the Buddha's wisdom
they are deeply attached to wordly pleasures
and worldly karmic rewards
although they cultivate merit
they seek the outcome of man and divinity

They obtain their reward, an abundance of all things

yet from the prison of the three realms
they cannot escape
their parents and wives, children and dependents
may wish to help them
but they cannot relinquish their heterodox views
the very king of bad karma
thus they remain upon samsara's wheel
in a state of unease

Behold the witless and benighted

who do not plant virtuous roots
using worldly knowledge and clever words
their hearts are led further astray
how can they possibly escape
the great hardship of death and rebirth

Moreover, there are beings

who plant virtuous roots
and cultivate great fields of merit
yet they cling to form and conceptual thinking
sentimental attachments, deep-rooted, weigh them down
they seek escape, but in the end, it is unattainable

If those with wisdom without form

plant many virtuous roots
purify body and mind
abandon all conceptions
seek birth in a purified field
and hasten toward buddhahood
they shall be reborn in this buddha land
liberated for all eternity
Fo
rty
-Two

TheRe
birt
h
o
fBodhi
sat
tvas
Maitreya Bodhisattva addressed the Buddha,

Presently in the this world of men

and every other buddha land
how many non-retrogressing bodhisattvas are there
who shall be reborn in the land of Sukhavati?

The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

In this world, there are seventy-two trillion bodhisattvas

who have already made offerings to countless buddhas
and planted many virtuous roots
who shall be reborn in this land

Of the great many bodhisattvas

on the lesser path i.e. on the first 10 of 52 stages of
who practise meritorious deeds the Bodhisattva path
who shall be reborn
their number is immeasurable

Not only are the multitude of bodhisattvas

in our world
reborn in this land
but those of other buddha lands too

From the Buddha land of Far-Reaching Illumination

there are eighteen million great bodhisattvas
who shall be reborn in this land

From the north-eastern Treasure Storehouse buddha land

there are nine trillion non-retrogressing bodhisattvas
who shall be reborn in this land

From the buddha land of Immeasurable Sound

the buddha land of Glorious Light
the buddha land of Nagas and Devas
the buddha land of Supreme Power
the buddha land of the Lion
the buddha land of Transcending Impurity
the buddha land of Highest Virtue
the buddha land of the Benevolent King
the buddha land of the Flower Canopy
the non-retrogressing bodhisattvas who shall be reborn
in some cases
number from one to ten trillion
in some cases
number from one hundred to a thousand trillion
and even as much as ten thousand trillion

The twelfth buddha land is named Supreme Flower

it possesses a countless number of bodhisattvas
who have reached the stage of non-retrogression

Wise and courageous

they have already made offerings
to innumerable buddhas
with great effort
they set forth intently
upon the path of the one vehicle
within the span of seven days
they can acquire the firm and secure dharma
cultivated by great beings
for hundreds, thousands and millions of aeons
all bodhisattvas of this type shall be reborn

The thirteenth buddha land is called No Fear

possessing seventy-nine million great bodhisattvas
and an immeasurable number
of lesser bodhisattvas, bhiksus and so on
all of them shall be reborn

Of the buddhas and bodhisattvas

in the worlds of the ten directions
who shall be reborn
one could spend an entire aeon
merely stating their names
and not get through them all
 Fo
rty
-Thr
ee

Thi
sisNo
ttheLe
sse
rVe
hic
le
The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

Behold these many great bodhisattvas

skilled at acquiring blessings

If there are good sons and good daughters

who, upon hearing the name of Amitabha Buddha
develop a loving mind with a single thought
take refuge in him, pay him homage
and practise in accordance with what has been taught
you should know that these people
because they have acquired the great benefit
shall obtain the virtues I have spoken of

In their hearts they do not feel inferior

nor do they hold themselves in high regard

The virtuous roots they have acquired

are fully grown and developed

You should know that these people

are not of the lesser vehicle

Within my dharma
they have earned the reputation
of being my number one disciples

For this reason, I tell you

that the universe's divinities, humans and demigods
must joyfully practise
with a heart of wonder
within this dharma
they must develop the aspiration
to lead innumerable sentient beings
to swiftly and securely attain
the state of non-retrogression
as well as the desire to see
this vast and adorned buddha field
its extraordinary power of assimilation
its perfected spiritual virtues
they must exert great effort
and heed this dharma gateway i.e. method

In order to seek this dharma

they must not develop
a submissive, yielding heart
of falseness and flattery
even if they were to pass through a great inferno
they must not succumb to doubt and regret
...why is this so?

These countless numbers of bodhisattvas

who seek this subtle dharma gate
they listen with respect
they never transgress
yet there are many bodhisattvas
who wish to hear this dharma but cannot see Chapter 44
for this reason, you must seek it
Fo
rty
-Fo
ur

TheProphe
cy
ofSambodhi
If, in the coming world
up to the moment the true dharma disappears
there are beings who plant many virtuous roots
and make offerings to countless buddhas
it shall be a consequence
of the awe-inspiring power of the Thus Come One
that they can acquire a dharma method so vast

Adopting it and holding it fast

obtaining extensive knowledge of all knowledge
feeling great determination and joy toward this dharma
preaching widely for others' sake
always cheerful in conduct

Good sons and good daughters

if they have already sought
are presently seeking
or in the future shall seek this dharma
then they shall obtain its blessings

You must be unshakeable, free from doubts

plant many virtuous roots
always cultivating
unobstructed by misgivings
never setting foot within
prisons formed of precious jewels

Maitreya, beings with great awe-inspiring powers

are capable of practising
this vast and unique gateway
of the Buddha dharma
yet because they have not heard it
there are ten million bodhisattvas
now turning back
from complete and perfect sambodhi

Maitreya, beings with great awe-inspiring powers

are capable of practising
the vast and diverse gateways
of the Buddha dharma
yet because they have not heard of this method
there are ten million bodhisattvas
now turning away
from complete and perfect sambodhi

If there are sentient beings

who in light of this teaching
transcribe it and pay it homage
hold it fast and recite it aloud
if for but a moment
they preach for others' sake
encouraging them to listen
that they may no longer give rise
to anxiety and vexation
and even begin to contemplate
this land, day and night
and the spiritual virtues of the Buddha
upon the supreme path
all the way to the end
never regressing
then, these people
when they reach the end of their lives
would be able
even if the trichiliocosm were engulfed in flames
to pass through it and be reborn in this land

They have already

come face to face with past buddhas
they have received the prophecy of sambodhi
and the unanimous praise of every tathagata

Thus you must devote yourself

to faith and acceptance
hold fast and recite
preach and practise
 Fo
rty
-Fi
ve

A Te
achi
ngImpa
rte
dfo
ra
Spe
cia
lRea
son
Today, for the sake of the multitude of sentient beings
I discoursed upon this dharma
causing all to see Amitayus Buddha
and all that his land possesses

That which must be done

can be sought by everyone

After my extinction
you must not succumb again to doubt

In the world yet to come

the way shall vanish

With loving-kindness and compassion

I specifically leave you this teaching
for one hundred years

Sentient beings who encounter this teaching

in accordance with their wishes
may all attain salvation

The Thus Come One

appearing in this world
such a thing
is rarely encountered
and rarely seen

The way of all buddhas

such a thing
is difficult to acquire
and difficult to hear

To meet a good friend

to hear the dharma
and be able to practise it
these are difficult too
For one who hears this teaching
to have joyous faith in it
and to hold fast to it
is the most difficult of all difficulties
nothing surpasses it

There are sentient beings

who, when they hear the sound of the Buddha
develop a purified heart of loving-kindness
they become so overjoyed their hairs stand on end
some even shed tears
all because in past lives
they followed the Buddha's path
thus they are beyond the ordinary

Some hear the Buddha's name

but in their hearts they are hesitant
they have no faith in the Buddha's teachings
they have come from evil paths
not yet through with misfortune
incurred in former lives
they shall not be saved
because they doubt
because they have no faith
because they have turned their backs
 Fo
rty
-Si
x

Devot
edPr
acti
ce,
Fi
rmlyGr
aspe
d
The Buddha proclaimed to Maitreya,

The supreme dharma of every Buddha Tathagata

possessing the ten powers and fearlessness
without obstruction, without attachment
is a dharma so profound
the dharma of a bodhisattva's perfections see Chapter 4
such a thing is rarely encountered
even those capable of preaching the dharma
struggle to explain it

Deep and unshakeable faith is now rarely encountered

Today I have proclaimed the truth

about this vast and subtle dharma gateway
praised by every buddha
I entrust you to serve as its protector
to aid sentient beings through the long night
never allowing them to sink into the five destinies
where one encounters great peril and pain

You must zealously practise

in accordance with my teachings
loyal and obedient to the Buddha
always mindful of the master's kindness

You must help this dharma long endure

without disappearing
you must uphold it, never harming it
or letting it fall to ruin
you must not falsify it, add to it or subtract from it
by always being mindful
acquire the shortcut of the path

Thus is my dharma and thus have I spoken

the practice of tathagatas
this you must follow
cultivate merit and do good
seek rebirth in the Pure Land
 Fo
rty
-Se
ven

Wit
hMe r
ita
ndWi s
dom,
t
heDha
rmaCa nBeHear
d
Thereupon, the Buddha delivered these verses,

If no prior merit and wisdom has been cultivated

then this true dharma cannot be heard
if offerings have been made to tathagatas
then joyous faith can be had in this dharma

With the evils of arrogance

indolence and heterodox views
faith in the Tathagata's subtle dharma
is impossible

It is impossible for a blind man

eternally in darkness
to guide others upon the path

Only by developing a multitude of virtues

side-by-side with the Buddha
can one practise the world-saving way

After you have heard this teaching

hold fast to it and transcribe it
recite it and sing its praises
demonstrate it through your conduct
and make offerings to buddhas

Thus, with single-minded pursuit

of a land that is pure
and determination to attain rebirth in Sukhavati
even if an inferno were to engulf the entire trichiliocosm
borne along by the Buddha's awe-inspiring power
one can pass beyond it

Only buddhas can comprehend

the Thus Come One's vast and deep ocean of wisdom
were a sravaka to meditate upon it for a million aeons
exhausting all their supernatural power in the process
still they could not fathom it

Only buddhas can comprehend

the spiritual virtues of the Thus Come One
and only the Blessed One can explain it

A human body is hard to obtain

and a buddha is rarely encountered
to listen to the dharma and acquire faith and wisdom
this is the most difficult of all difficulties

Such beings shall become buddhas

in conduct they shall surpass Samantabhadra
and set foot upon the other shore
thus the erudite and intellectual ought have faith
that what I teach here is true

Now that you have had the fortune to hear

a dharma so subtle and wondrous
you must always practise buddha mindfulness
and thus give birth to joyfulness
you must hold fast to it
and rescue far and wide
those drifting within the cycle
of rebirth and death
 Fo
rty
-Ei
ght

Bl
es
si
ngsGaine
dFromHe
ari
ng
theDhar
ma
After the Blessed One proclaimed this dharma, twelve hundred
trillion sentient beings, of the heavenly and human worlds, were
cleansed of all dust and impurity, and acquired the purity of the
dharma eye.

Two trillion beings were rewarded with non-returner status.

Six thousand eight hundred bhiksus were cleansed of all defile-

ments, acquiring liberation of mind.

Four trillion bodhisattvas, upon the path to supreme bodhi, re-

mained firmly in the state of non-retrogression, self-adorned with
the virtues of the Universal Vows.

Two trillion five hundred billion sentient beings acquired non-ret-

rogressing forbearance.

Four hundred thousand trillion sentient beings, for the very first
time, set their minds on supreme bodhi. By planting many virtuous
roots, and aspiring to be reborn in Sukhavati, where Amitabha
Buddha can be seen, all were guaranteed rebirth in the land of the
Thus Come One. Every one of them, no matter where they came
from, shall in turn become buddhas and share the title of Won-
drous Sound Tathagata.

Moreover, from each buddha field in the ten directions, there were
eight hundred thousand trillion people guaranteed rebirth in the
present or a future life, who saw Amitabha Buddha, who acquired
the prophecy of sambodhi, who attained acceptance of the dharma
and who ultimately achieved supreme bodhi.

This was all a result of Amitabha Buddha's prior vow, to help all
sentient beings attain rebirth in the land of Sukhavati.

Thereupon, the entire trichiliocosm experienced six great tremors

and a myriad of extraordinary and miraculous transformations. A
great light shone upon all in the ten directions.
Moreover, from every divinity in the void came exquisite melodies
and sounds of rejoicing. This was heard, even by the divinities of
the realm of subtle form. They praised this miraculous event.

A stream of countless wondrous flowers fell from the sky.

The Venerable Ananda, Maitreya Bodhisattva, as well as every bod-

hisattva, sravaka and the eight legions of devas and nagas—every-
one in attendance heard the Buddha's dharma and experienced tre-
mendous joy. They faithfully accepted it and reverently upheld it.

END