O R I E S

E O T IVATIO
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F
Motivation is a state of Motivation is a force
mind, filled with energy that pushes people to
and enthusiasm, which work with a high level
drives a person to work of commitment and
in a certain way to focus, even if things
achieve desired goals. are going against them.

Maslow’s Hierarchy Self Efficacy Theory

Of Needs Theory Choice Theory

Physical and

Self-
actualization
Emotional State
(experience of
physical and
emotional
sensations)
Basic
Esteem Social
Persuasion
(coaching or Self
Imaginal
Experience
(visualizations
of future
Needs
feedback) success)
Love/Belonging Efficacy
Survival
What you need to sustain

Safety
life, as well as the sense of
Vicarious safety and security.
Performance experience
Experience (observed
(past experiences or
Physiological experience) modeling by
others) Love & Belonging
The need to be connected to
others. The desire to belong,
to love and to be loved.
Goal Setting Theory

Power
The need to be your best, to
Attainable
Challenging matter, to leave a legacy, to have
Measurable an impact, to be confident.
Mechanisms

Goals
Goal Clear Freedom
Directive
Setting The ability to do what you want
when you want it, without
Theory Employees
restrictions.

Energizing
Discovery Principles Self-set Fun
Involved goals Play, relaxation and meaningful
Persistence relevant learning describe how to
meet this need.

Attribution Theory Goal Orientation Theory

Mastery Performance
Attribution
What causes certain behavior?
Approach

Striving to master a Doing better than others

(superior competence)
task
It is something It is cause by
within the person something outside
we observe. the person we
(ie; personality) observe. (ie; Avoid looking
situation) Avoid doing worst
Avoidance

incompetent or worse
than before than others
Internal Attribution External Attribution

Dispositional Situational Self or task-referenced Other referenced

Attribution Attribution
Attributions are classified along three causal
dimensions:
1. Focus of control (two poles: internal vs. Need Achievement Theory
external)
2. Stability (do causes change over time or not?)
3. Controllability (causes one can control such as
Need for Power
skills vs. causes one cannot control such as Wants to control and influence others
luck, others’ actions, etc.) Likes to win agreements
Enjoys competition and winning
Internal External Enjoys status and recognition

Need for Affiliation

Stable

Ability Task Difficulty Wants to belong to the group

I have the talent. This is hard. Wants to be liked and will go along with
whatever the rest of the groups wants to do
Prefers collaboration over competition
Doesn’t like high risk or uncertainty

Need for Achievements

Unstable

Effort Luck
Sets and accomplishes challenges, risks
I worked hard. I just got lucky.
Takes calculated risks
Likes to receive regular feedback in their
progress and achievements
Likes to work alone