INTRODUCTION OF THE RESEARCH

Nowadays, a lot people have trouble washing garments, especially mothers.

Usually, they use brand X detergent, which has strong ingredients that can damage the
clothes and irritate the skin. Sometimes the other brand of detergent has a toxic
ingredient that is harmful to people. From time immemorial, stains have become the top
adversary of humankind. Unfortunately, no matter how hard we try on removing it, it still
appears in our clothes. Good thing, laundry detergent has been around for a while, like
a long while. But the ingredients used back in the day and now have changed drastically
because of science. While every brand, like Tide or All, has its secret recipe,
commercial laundry detergent ingredients typically have a few common chemicals.

Laundry detergents are becoming more and more popular nowadays since they
may be automatically dispensed into the washing machine, give materials softness,
antistatic properties, and resilience, are gentle on skin and eyes, and have good water
dispersibility. It is a rather big business because it is consumed when it is used. It is
available in a wide variety of forms and brands, each promoting a unique set of
advantages. Based on their characteristics and role in the finished product, the raw
materials that make up a laundry detergent composition can be divided into many types.
The many categories of raw materials include surfactants, builders, bleaching agents,
enzymes, and minors that clean surfaces and textiles of filth, stains, and soil.

There are so many different substances that can stain your clothes – from food and
drink to ink, lipstick, and oil. Every stain has a different remedy, and how you clean it
also depends on the material of your garment. When treating a stain, you need to think
about the fabric of your garment – whether it’s cotton, synthetic, wool, or silk.

Cotton is a durable fabric, so you can use a number of techniques to remove stains
from cotton garments without worrying about damaging the fabric. There are many
different types of synthetic fabric; common types like polyester, lycra, spandex, rayon,
and nylon are often seen in exercise clothes and underwear items. They are all
generally durable, so you can be quite firm when you work on the stain. Synthetic
fabrics often respond well to regular detergents that contain enzymes, but harsh
chemicals like bleach are not a good idea. Many commercial stain removers will
damage wool fibers, so make sure to read the instructions on the label. Use a non-
bleach detergent like Surf Kalamansi Liquid or a specific one designed for wool, and
then dry the garment flat to maintain shape. Even though you might be treating a small
stain, it’s important to use an appropriate detergent on silk and soak the whole garment
to avoid water spotting. Silk is incredibly delicate, so tough stains are better treated at
the dry cleaners.

Detergent is meant to clean your clothing, but that doesn’t mean it doesn’t
sometimes result in staining. The steps for how to take off detergent stains from clothes
are simple, all you need is vinegar and water. Add 1 cup vinegar to 1-quart water in a
bowl and place your clothing into the solution. Rub the stained area together keeping it
within the solution, until the detergent stain is removed. A natural fruit extract, this
organic stain-removing remedy is the perfect choice for stain removal. It is chemical-
free, making it ideal for humans, pets, and the environment alike.

Kamias, also known as Averrhoa Bilimbi, is a fruit native to Southeast Asia that has
been used for centuries in traditional medicine and as a natural detergent. It has
recently gained popularity as an eco-friendly alternative to commercial detergents due to
its mildness on the skin and clothes and its biodegradable properties.

Kamias can be used in various forms for laundry detergent, such as a powder or
liquid form. It is also effective in removing stains from hands and white cloth due to its
oxalic acid content. Additionally, it can be used to make dishwashing liquid with the
addition of other ingredients such as borax, washing soda, lemon oil, Sodium Lauryl
Ether Sulfate, and COEA.

Studies have been conducted to compare the potential and effectiveness of Kamias
with other fruits such as Starfruit (Averrhoa Carambola) and Karamay fruit extracts in
removing stains, as well as the feasibility of using Kamias extract for making bleach
detergent bars. These studies have shown that Kamias is an effective natural detergent
that can be used safely on the skin and clothes.

Averrhoa bilimbi is an attractive small tree reaching 5-10 m in height. Its fruits are
indehiscent and fleshy and the berries are glossy, ellipsoid, obovoid, or nearly
cylindrical. It is a native of South-East Asia and the Moluccas (Maluku islands) but is
cultivated throughout Indonesia, the Philippines, and most other tropical countries,
including those in the Americas. It is propagated by seed or, more rarely, by air layering.
It requires evenly distributed rainfall with a dry spell of 2-3 months and does best in rich,
moist, but well-drained soil. Flowering occurs throughout the year and fruit is available
almost year-round, although usually there are one or two pronounced harvest seasons.
Bilimbi fruits are too sour for direct consumption, so are generally processed into
pastes, relishes, sour spices, jams, jellies, and beverages. Bilimbi is also used in local
and traditional medicine systems.
 Kamias serves as an all-natural stain remover for clothing, cups, grout, and even
plastic containers, thanks to its oxalic acid. Related studies about Kamias as a stain
remover show that on its own, oxalic acid acts as a bleaching or whitening agent that
removes stain-causing substances.

Kamias as a detergent is a natural stain remover. The power of the Kamias stains
is that they absorb into your clothes rather than just sit there while they do their job.
That’s because the Kamias seeds are rich in proteins that give them something called
protein content attractant. This attracts bacteria and grime to your clothes, which means
they start consuming the stains right away.

The main objective of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the extract of
Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) as an additive in detergent formulation and as an alternative
for removing stains on the fabric. It also aims to improve the quality of Kamias in making
detergent powder as well as to create, healthy, and affordable detergent powder. The
study is cost-friendly and environmentally friendly since the components used are
cheap, affordable, and could be seen in the environment.

RESEARCH QUESTIONS

This study tries to find out the efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) as an additive
in detergent formulation.

Specifically, this study tries to answer the following queries:

1. How effective is the Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi) detergent powder for removing
stains in different types of fabrics?
2. What are the qualities, characteristics, ease of use of the Kamias powder in
removing stain?
3. How fast does the detergent powder remove different kinds of stains in various
fabrics?

RESEARCH HYPOTHESIS

This part presents the tentative answer to the research queries.

1. The concentration of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) is effective as an additive in detergent

powder formulation.

SCOPE AND LIMITATIONS

 The study will focus on the effectiveness of Kamias as a natural bleaching agent
and only on common stains like ketchup, mud, rust, and soy sauce. This study is going
to be used for different types of clothing, such as cotton, silk, and linen. It can also be
used on old and newly stained cloths. Additionally, this study focuses on the
effectiveness of Kamias versus bleach detergents in stain removal. However, this study
does not explore other uses for Kamias such as its use as an alternative dishwashing
liquid or its effects on textile treatments. The effect of this study will be determined using
the Survey Questionnaires that will be given to the residence of Brgy. Manga and
Saban.

This study is also limited to some stains and kinds of fabrics, such as leather, jeans,
and denims.

LITERATURE AND STUDIES REVIEW

This part presents the related literature and studies after the thorough and in-depth
search done by the researchers. This includes the ideas, finished thesis, generalizations
or conclusions, methodologies, and other. Those that were included in this part helps in
familiarizing information that are relevant and similar to the present study.

RELATED LITERATURE

Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the potential and effectiveness
of Kamias (Averrhoa Bilimbi) extract as a detergent. A study by Christian Vaquilar found
that Kamias extract could be used as a bleaching agent for removing stains. Another
study by the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) found that Kamias is
mainly used as a folk medicine in the treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and
other ailments. Finally, an AAREsearchIndex.com study concluded that Kamias extract
could be used to remove a variety of stains. Overall, these studies suggest that Kamias
extract can be used as an effective detergent for removing stains.

According to Goyal A. et. al (2022), Averrhoa bilimbi is primarily utilized in

traditional medicine to cure blood pressure, high levels of sugar in the blood and many
infectious diseases. The key objective of the current review is to assemble and establish
literature based on traditional claims and relate those with up-to-date pharmacological
results on the use of Averrhoa bilimbi for managing diverse diseases. Literature was
collected, systematically assessed, understood and discoursed from the various
scientific databases as Scopus, Pub Med and Science direct by using keyword
Averrhoa bilimbi. Various biological activities have confirmed the potential of Averrhoa
bilimbi to act as antioxidant, antimicrobial, antidiabetic, hypotensive, anti-inflammatory
and hepatoprotective which indicates the excessive worth of plant holds as
complementary and alternative medicine. Consequently, it is aimed to compile a current
and complete review of Averrhoa bilimbi which offsets its traditional uses as medicine,
phytochemistry and biological effects.

As stated by Nazrin J. et al., (2022), Averrhoa bilimbi fruit conserve is

administered as a treatment for coughs, beri-beri and biliousness. Syrup prepared from
the fruit is taken as a cure for fever and inflammation and to stop rectal bleeding and
alleviate internal hemorrhoids. The formulation of the bilimbi sauce represents the
healthy ingredients based on the composition of the bilimbi sauce that can provide
nutritional benefits to its consumers. Likewise, it can also be a potential commercial
product that can be produced to address some nutritional deficiency issues. The
availability of the fruit and the affordability of the bilimbi sauce can motivate people to
use this product as a staple commodity that can provide nutritional benefits to its
consumers. The nutritional content of vitamins, protein, carbs, and other minerals were
provided by the processed bilimbi fruit formed into a bilimbi sauce when coupled with
necessary components. The miracle bilimbi sauce, which is made from the bilimbi fruit,
has a high nutritional value, making it a cheap alternative to vitamins that can improve
the health and wellbeing of its users. It is even more of a revelation among the great
names in the culinary industry due to its exceptional, underappreciated nutritional
content. This study demonstrates its nutritional qualities while also highlighting its
potential operational utility.

According to HY S. et al., Averrhoa bilimbi grows in tropical and subtropical

countries and has the potential to be used as phytopharmaceuticals. Averrhoa bilimbi
leaves and fruits contain phytochemicals, such as alkaloids, saponins, tannins,
flavonoids, phenols, and triterpenoids. These compounds are mostly obtained by
extraction and can be used for their pharmacological properties in the form of
antibacterial, antivirus, total cholesterol level reducer, and antioxidant. Further research
and development need to be carried out on the effectiveness and performance of
Averrhoa bilimbi.

As stated by Kumari C. (2017), Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) is a multipurpose,

drought resistant evergreen tree with various therapeutic potentials. It belongs to family
Oxalidaceae. The plant has an enormous medicinal value since most of the parts like
leaves, bark, flowers, fruits, seeds, roots or the whole part are used as alternative
medicine to treat a variety of diseases. It is a good source of oxalic acid. The extract of
various parts of Averrhoa bilimbi is medicinally used as a folk remedy for many
symptoms so it necessary to know the disease-causing pathogens of the plant as well
as antimicrobial activity of leaf and fruit extracts against human pathogens. It has been
examined and reviewed for making it popular in common household in Telangana state
and elsewhere. Therefore, in this paper it has been studied from microbiological view
point and general significances have been highlighted. The material has been collected
from Telangana and Maharastra states. However, the fruit, leaves microflora has been
examined. It is a pest free tree. The fruit and leaf extract has good antimicrobial activity
against Staphylococcus aureus. It’s culinary and pharmaceutical uses are reviewed to
popularize this

RELATED STUDIES

As stated by Amhed Q. et Al., (2016), Averrhoa bilimbi Linn is principally cultivated

for medicinal purposes in many tropical and subtropical countries of the world. Literature
survey about this plant shows that bilimbi is mainly used as a folk medicine in the
treatment of diabetes mellitus, hypertension, and as an antimicrobial agent. The prime
objective of this review is to accumulate and organize literature based on traditional
claims and correlate those with current findings on the use of bilimbi in the management
of different ailments. Through interpreting already published scientific manuscripts (1995
through 2015) retrieved from the different scientific search engines, namely Medline,
PubMed, EMBASE, and Science Direct databases, published articles and reports
covering traditional and scientific literature related to bilimbi's potential role against
various ailments have been thoroughly evaluated, interpreted, and discussed. Several
pharmacological studies have demonstrated the ability of this plant to act as
antidiabetic, antihypertensive, thrombolytic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, hepatoprotective,
and hypolipidemic agent. A bilimbi holds great value in the complementary and
alternative medicine as evidenced by the substantial amount of research on it.
Therefore, we aimed to compile an up-to-date and comprehensive review of bilimbi that
covers its traditional and folk medicine uses, phytochemistry, and pharmacology.
Hence, this paper presents an up-to-date and comprehensive review of the
ethnomedicinal uses, different chemical constituents, and pharmacological activities of
bilimbi. So far, the biologically active agents have not been isolated from this plant and
this can be a good scientific study for the future antidiabetic, antihypertensive, and
antimicrobial implications. Hence, this review targets at emphasizing the diverse
traditional claims and pharmacological activities of bilimbi with respect to carrying out
more scientific studies to isolate active principles through advanced technology. The
previous study was cited since it focuses on the ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry,
and pharmacology properties of Averrhoa bilimbi, while the present study focuses on
the efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) as an additive in detergent formulation.

As stated by Sarmiento D. et al., (2016), Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi L.) is a tropical

fruit known for its many medicinal properties. The present study investigated the effects
of fruit extracts on the lipidemic profile of male wistar rats. Specifically, different
concentrations of aqueous and ethanolic fruit extracts were tested on blood cholesterol,
high-density and low-density lipoproteins and triglycerides. Rats were given high-fat diet
for fourteen days using rat pellets amended with egg yolk. A control group with normal
diet were also maintained. Extracts were administered through oral gavage once a day
for fourteen days at different treatment concentrations: 25%, 50%, 75% and pure
concentrations. Simvastatin and water were used as control treatments. Blood samples
were taken through the tail vein at the initial and final phase. Results processed using
Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) and Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) show
significant reduction in cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides among rats
treated with pure extracts. This reduction is seen to be directly associated with
concentration of treatments. As treatment concentration increases, effects on lipidemic
parameters are greater. Further, the results are comparable to Simvastatin, a
commercially – available drug used to lower blood cholesterol. Cholesterol level of rats
given pure and 75% fruit extracts were at 85.2167 and 88.46 mg/dL of blood
respectively, significantly better than Simvastatin’s 98.9067 mg/dL. The study concludes
that Kamias is a potential natural cholesterol control and can significantly replace
commercially available drugs. It is recommended that a thorough chemical analysis be
done on the fruit for better drug applications. The previous study was cited since it
focuses on the Lipidemic effect of Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi) fruit extract on male wistar
rats, while the present study focuses on the efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) as an
additive in detergent formulation.

According to Abolario J. et al., (2019), The study has been conducted to

determine the acceptability of Bilimbi Candy. The product testing was participated by
120 respondents. The benchmark test was evaluated by the researchers
themselves together with 29 students of Bachelor of Science in Hotel and
Restaurant Management and 10 faculty members. After the benchmark test, a pilot test
was conducted to 40 students from the College of Business Management and
Accountancy. After administering the pilot test, the researchers conducted the final
test which was then participated by 40 respondents of Eastern Samar State
University Guiuan Campus. These respondents were composed of students and
instructors who evaluated the characteristics of Bilimbi Candy in terms of taste, aroma,
color, texture, appearance and general acceptability through the use of score cards. The
result of the study revealed that the quality of the product was interpreted as highly
acceptable in all 3 trials. Based on the findings of the study, the Bilimbi fruit, locally
known in the Philippines as Kamias in Tagalog/Filipino (National Language of the
Philippines) and Iba in Waray-Waray (Local dialect of Guiuan, Eastern Samar) is good
to be used as flavoring for candy. The result of the study highly recommends that the
local street vendors and candy manufacturers may add bilimbi fruit as one of the flavors
for their products. The previous study was cited since it focuses on the acceptability of
Bilimbi (Averrhoa bilimbi) candy, while the present study focuses on the efficacy of
Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) as an additive in detergent formulation.

The study of Hitalia J.P. et al., (2021) generally aimed to determine the
effectiveness of Kamias, star fruit, and Karamay fruit extracts in removing stains.
Previous studies revealed the effectiveness of Kamias as a stain remover, while, this
study compared the effectiveness of different fruit extracts as a stain remover and the
potential utilization of other fruit extracts from trees that are locally available. We
determined the cost of making stain remover using Kamias, Karamay, and star fruit
extracts, the ability of these fruit extracts as a stain remover in terms of the degree of
strain reduction and whitening of the cloth, and ultimately, the significant difference
between the various treatments. Results revealed that the use of star fruit extract was
the cheapest among the four treatments while the highest cost was incurred using
Karamay extract. There was a significant difference observed between treatments.
Bleach was the most effective in removing the stains and whitening the fabric, followed
by the Kamias extract. In terms of removing stains, whitening the cloth, and availability
in the neighborhood, the extract was found to have the best results. We, therefore,
recommended the use of Kamias extract as an alternative organic stain remover for
fabrics and be used by the households. Being derived from natural fruit extract and
contain no dangerous chemicals, the product is safe for human use and environment-
friendly. The previous study was cited since it focuses on the effectiveness of Kamias,
star fruit, and Karamay fruit extracts in removing stains, while the present study focuses
on the efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) as an additive in detergent formulation.

According to Jessica D. Astillo, (2020), Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) Juice in

terms of ingredients and costing, tools and equipment, procedure, shelf life, nutritive
value, microbial analysis and sensory qualities and level of preferences in three different
treatments in the aspect of color, flavor, aroma, and texture. The study utilized
experimental design with the aid of a descriptive questionnaire that determined the
sensory preferences of the respondents towards the three treatments of the juice (i.e.,
plain, grapes, apple) in terms of color, flavor, aroma, texture. This study was conducted
at Bohol Island State University in the six campuses with one hundred eighty-two (182)
purposively selected respondents who tasted and rated the juice. After the data were
retrieved, these were tabulated and interpreted using the Average Weighted Mean. The
Chi-Square Test of Independence was used to obtain the difference of the respondents’
sensory preferences of the three treatments. Findings revealed that the ingredients and
tools in making the Bilimbi Fruit (Averrhoa bilimbi) Juice were minimal, less expensive,
and were available in the local market. Shelf life ranged for 1 to 7 days at room
temperature. All treatments of “Bilimbi Fruit” Averrhoa bilimbi Juice was liked by the
respondents in all four attributes. Generally, the result of the study showed that there
was a significant difference in the respondents’ preferences of “Bilimbi Fruit” Averrhoa
bilimbi Juice in terms of color, flavor, odor, and texture. Thus, the null hypothesis is
rejected. Research findings showed that “Bilimbi Fruit” Averrhoa bilimbi Juice was a
feasible nutritious Juice Drink safe for human consumption. Hence, a proposed
technology guide is offered for the dissemination of the research output. The previous
study was cited since it focuses on the feasibility of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) as
nutritious juice drink, while the present study focuses on the efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi
(Kamias) as an additive in detergent formulation.

CONCEPTUAL FRAMEWORK AND PARADIGM

 INPUT PROCESS OUTPUT

Ingredients used: Process in making the

1. Kamias product:
2. Washing soda 1. Prepare the materials to The result of the
(Sodium be used in making the study:
carbonate) detergent powder. The efficacy of
3. Borax 2. Process the Kamias Averrhoa bilimbi
together with vegetable (Kamias) as an
4. Vegetable glycerin and water in a additive in
glycerin blender. detergent
5. Water 3. Strain and squeeze out formulation.
6. Glycerin base the extract.
soap 4. Melt the glycerin base
soap and put the extract.
Objectives: 5. Set aside the mixture and
let it hardened.
1. To know if Kamias
(Averrhoa bilimbi) is an 6. Process the soap and
effective stain remover. other dry ingredients in a
blender.
2. To make use of
Kamias (Averrhoa
bilimbi) as an additive in Data gathering
detergent formulation. 1. Questionnaire
3. To improve the 2. Survey
quality of of Kamias in
3. Testing of product on
making detergent
different types of fabrics
powder.
with different types of
4. To create natural, stains.
healthy, and affordable
detergent powder.

The figure represents the schematic diagram of the study using Input-Process-
Output (IPO) Model. The input includes the components used in making the product and
the objectives of the study. The process takes the procedures in making the detergent
powder and the data gathering method. The output showcases the planned
methodology and result of obtaining the efficacy of Averrhoa bilimbi (Kamias) in
detergent formulation.

RESEARCH METHODOLOGY

This part reveals and presents the methods of research to be employed by the
researcher in conducting the study which includes the sampling method, research
instrument/s, statistical instruments, and data gathering method.

SAMPLING METHOD

In order to satisfy and answer the research questions, the researchers should be
able to collect data from all cases. Thus, there is a need to select a sample. The entire
cases from which researchers’ sample is drawn are called the population. The
researchers will use simple random sampling to calculate the accuracy of the results.
Figure 2 illustrates the stages that are likely to go through when conducting the study.

Making of
Detergent Powder

Assess
Testing Method
Response Rate

Distribution of
Collect Data
Questionnaires

RESEARCH INSTRUMENT
 In this study, the researcher will gather information through a questionnaire. The
instruments to be prepared are focused on answering the statement of the problem. The
questionnaire contains a total of three (3) questions and will be distributed to Saban,
Oas, Albay and Manga, Oas, Albay.

“EFFICACY OF AVERRHOA BILIMBI (KAMIAS) AS AN ADDITIVE IN DETERGENT

FORMULATION”

1. HOW EFFECTIVE IS THE KAMIAS (AVERRHOA BILIMBI) DETERGENT

POWDER FOR REMOVING STAINS IN DIFFERENT TYPES OF FABRICS?

DIRECTION: Check the column next to the statement that best describes your
judgement regarding the use of Kamias detergent powder.

5 – HIGHLY EFFECTIVE

4 – EFFECTIVE

2 – LESS EFFECTIVE

1 – NOT EFFECTIVE

INDICATORS SCALE

5 4 2 1

1. The powder helps to reduce

stains on clothes.

2. The powder does not harm the

clothes/fabrics.

3. The powder does not harm the

hands of the washer.

4. The powder effectively removed

the stains easily.

5. The result of using Kamias

powder is highly noticeable.
 2. WHAT ARE QUALITIES, CHARACTERISTICS, EASE OF USE OF THE
KAMIAS POWDER IN REMOWING STAIN?

DIRECTION: The indicators below pertain to the qualities, characteristics, ease of use,
and properties of using Kamias detergent powder. Kindly rate its acceptability by putting
a checkmark inside the designated column.

5 – STRONGLY AGREE

4 – AGREE

2 – DISAGREE

1 – STRONGLY DISAGREE

INDICATORS SCALE

5 4 2 1

1. CHARACTERISTICS OF THE POWDER

 The Kamias
detergent powder is
fragrant.

 The Kamias
detergent powder is
well-refined.

 The color of the

Kamias detergent
powder is pure as
white.

2. QUALITY

 The stain is reduced

in just few minutes of
soaking/ washing.

 The Kamias
detergent powder
removes the stain
completely.

 There’s no traces of
stain after the wash.

 The detergent
powder did not cause
any damage on the
 fabric.

3. EASE OF USE

 The Kamias
detergent powder
was easy to apply.

 The Kamias
detergent powder is
easy to dilute in
water.

4. PROPERTIES OF THE KAMIAS POWDER

 Kamias contains
oxalic acid that is
gentle on skin.

 The properties of
Kamias did not irritate
the skin.

 The properties of
Kamias and other
components used in
the powder are not
toxic to human and its
environment.

 The properties of
Kamias are not
harmful to different
types of fabrics.

 The overall properties

of Kamias are safe to
formulate detergent
powder.

3. HOW FAST DOES THE DETERGENT POWDER REMOVE DIFFERENT KIND

OF STAINS IN VARIOUS FABRICS?
DIRECTION: Indicate your answer by putting a check (/) on the box or
appropriate column. Please be guided with the following scales below the first
table.

TIME DURATION RATING SCALE:

 TIME TAKEN TO REMOVE THE STAIN SCALE
COMPLETELY

Stain was removed within 5 minutes of soaking or 5

washing

Stain was removed within 5-10 minutes of soaking 4

Stain was removed for 10-30 minutes of soaking 3

Stain was removed after more than 30 minutes of 2

washing

Stain was not completely removed after multiple 1

washes

STAIN REDUCTION RATING SCALE:

SCALE DESCRIPTION SCALE IN DESCRIPTION

PERCENTAGE

5 Strongly Agree 81% - 100% The stain was

completely
removed.

4 Agree 61% - 80% Stain has been

partially removed
but a noticeable
amount remains.

3 Undecided 41% - 60% Stain is more

difficult to remove.

2 Disagree 21% - 40% Stain require much

more effort to fully
remove.

1 Strongly Disagree 0% - 20% Stain needs more

effort to
remove/might not be
entirely successful
to remove.

STAIN TYPE FABRIC TYPE TIME ELAPSED STAIN REDUCTION

__ Rust __ Cotton

__ Soy Sauce __ Linen

__ Mud __ Silk
__ Catsup

STATISTICAL INSTRUMENT

Several statistical procedures were applied to the data gathered for this study.
To improve the presentation and interpretation of the findings, the data were classified,
totaled, and tabulated. The statistical methods used is Frequency count and Percentage
technique.

Frequency Count. This was employed in the organization of data change,

facilitating statistical results for data analysis. This was the process used to calculate
how many respondents responded.

Percentage technique. This was done by multiplying the total number of items
by 100 and dividing each frequency class by it.

Formula

P= F/N × 100%

Wherein:

N is the overall response rate.

P = Percent.

F= number of respondents

A constant multiplier of 100%

DATA GATHERING METHOD

The researchers created a pre-survey form for residents of Manga, and Saban,
Oas, Albay, to fill out so that the researchers could determine whether the Kamias as a
cloth stain remover is effective for their interviews, making the researcher's purpose and
data collection more valid and justifiable. The thirty (30) copies of questionnaires that
have been distributed will be completed and returned. Thus, their corresponding
answers to the questions are kept with the utmost confidentiality in accordance with the
agreement of the respondents and the researchers.
 The data gathered was organized and tabulated according to the result of the
statistical treatment done. In this stage, the service of a statistical consultant was
needed.

DISCUSSION OF RESULTS, FINDINGS, AND ANALYSIS

This part shows and explain the result of data analysis that the procedures has
been reported in the previous part.

A. LEVEL OF EFFECTIVITY

INDICATORS MEAN INTERPRETATION

1. The powder helps 4.5 Highly Effective

to reduce stains on
clothes.

2. The powder does 4.6 Highly Effective

not harm the
clothes/fabrics.

3. The powder does 4.7 Highly Effective

not harm the hands
of the washer.

4. The powder 4.7 Highly Effective

effectively removed
the stains easily.

5. The result of using 4.5 Highly Effective

Kamias powder is
highly noticeable.

TOTAL AVERAGE: 4.6 Highly Effective

 LEVEL OF EFFECTIVENESS
4.75

4.7

4.65

4.6

4.55

4.5

4.45

4.4
INDICATOR 1 INDICATOR 2 INDICATOR 3 INDICATOR 4 INDICATOR 5

The graph indicates the level of effectiveness of Kamias Detergent Powder. The
level of effectiveness in terms of helping got an average mean of 3.71 described as
effective and in terms of its effects it got an average mean of 3.84 described as
effective. With the total average mean of 3.79 it was therefore concluded that the level
of effectiveness of Garlic and Thai Chili Pepper pesticide is effective to use and kill
harmful pests that destroy crops and yields.

REFERENCES

RELATED LITERATURE

Vaquilar C. (2019). Potential and Effectiveness of Kamias (Averrhoa bilimbi)

extract as a detergent. Retrieved from: AAREsearchIndex.com.

Goyal A. et. al., (2022). Phytochemical, Biological and Traditional Claims on

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