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 GRADE Advanced Programme
10-12 IEB
Mathematics IEB
Book 1: Solutions
3-in-1 Marilyn Buchanan, Anne Eadie, Carl Fourie, Noleen Jakins
& Ingrid Zlobinsky-Roux

THIS CLASS TEXT & STUDY GUIDE INCLUDES

Full Solutions to Exercises and Exam questions:

• Calculus
• Algebra
E-book
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2019 publication | ISBN: 978-1-928404-25-5 22092021 | TAS

 CONTENTS
Solutions to Book 1: Compulsory Modules

GRADE 10 GRADE 12
Chapter Module Title Pg. no. Chapter Module Title Pg. no.
1 Algebra Products, Factors & Compound fractions ......... 1 13 Algebra Mathematical Induction .......................................... 75
2 Algebra Absolute values ............................................................ 8 14 Algebra e & ln................................................................................ 86
3 Algebra Complex numbers ....................................................... 14 15 Calculus Further Derivatives................................................... 94
4 Calculus Area under curves ....................................................... 24
16 Calculus Continuity & Differentiability ............................... 106

17 Calculus Derivative applications ........................................... 110

GRADE 11 18 Calculus Integration .................................................................... 125
Chapter Module Title Pg. no.
5 Algebra Partial fractions............................................................ 26
6 Algebra Equations & Inequalities .......................................... 28
7 Calculus Functions ........................................................................ 35
8 Algebra Absolute Value equations, Graphs &
Inequalities .................................................................... 41
9 Calculus Limits & Continuity .................................................... 58
10 Calculus Derivatives ..................................................................... 63
11 Calculus Trigonometry ................................................................ 64
12 Calculus Integrals & Integration.............................................. 70
 Chapter 3: Exercise 3.3 & Gr 10 Complex Numbers Exam
(j) z2 = z.z 3. 2z – iw = 2(5 – 2i ) – i (6i – 1) (b) Let α = 2 + 3i, and its conjugate β = 2 – 3i
= (–4 + 2 i )(–4 + 2 i ) = 10 – 4i – 6i 2 + i
= – 4(–4 + 2 i ) + 2 i (–4 + 2 i ) = 16 – 3i α + β = 4 = – b and αβ = 13 = c
a a
= (16 – 8 i ) + (–8 i + 4 i 2 )
 b c
= (16 – 8 i ) + (–4 – 8 i ) a + bi 2
abi + b2i 2 2 2 If ax2 + bx + c = 0 then a  x 2 + x +  = 0
4. a + bi  = a +2 = a – 2b + 2abi
 a a 
= 12 – 16i a – bi a + bi 2
a –b i2 2
a + b2
2 2 a(x2 – 4x + 13) = 0 will produce the desired
real = a2 – b 2 roots.
The product of two complex numbers is rewritten a +b
as the sum of two different numbers. The result is
the diagonal from the origin of the rectangle. The 5. Let α = q + 3i , and its conjugate β = q – 3i 10. (a) b2 – 4ac = (–4)2 – 4(1)(–8)
product of a complex conjugate pair is always real. = 48
α + β = 2q = – b = – (–2)  q=1
a
Im (b) two real, irrational roots
αβ = q2 – 3i 2 = q2 + 3 = c = p  p=4
a
Re (c) 12 by trial and error or
6. (a) b2 – 4ac < 0 for non-real roots x2 – 4x – 8 + t = 0
 – 4p(1) < 0
p2 b2 – 4ac = (– 4)2 – 4(–8 + t) = 0 for
q (– 4; – 8) p (16; – 8)  p(p – 4) < 0 one real root
 0<p<4 Hence, t = 12.

(b) i + i 2 + i 3 + . .. + i 2017
11. r 2 = 36 + 4 = 40 Im
z . z (12; – 16) = (i – 1 – i + 1) + (i – 1 – i + 1) + . .. i = i
 r = 40  6,32 w  40; 161,57° 
2 2 2
a + bi – b – ai
7.  = – ab – b2i – a2 i2 – abi tan  = – 2
– b + ai – b – ai b –a i 6
Gr 10 Complex Numbers Exam Solutions 2 2
Re
– ab – i(b + a ) + ab (–6; 2) lies in second quadrant
Ch 3: Gr 10 COMPLEX NUMBERS

(Questions – p. 40 in Book) =
b2 + a2  = 180° – 18,43° = 161,57°
= –i
1. x3 – 1 = (x – 1)(x2 + x + 1) = 0
w  40; 161,57° 
2
x = 1 or x = –1 ± 1 – 4.1.1 = –1 ± 3i 8. (a) m – 2n* = (4 + 2i ) – 2(–2 + i ) = 4 + 2i + 4 – 2i
2 .1 2
= 8 12. (a) z.i 3 = z . (– i) Multiplying by i rotates z
= –z.i by 90° anticlockwise about
2. (a + 3i )bi = (–11 – 13i )(2 – 5i ) 2
–2 + i the origin. Multiplying by
 abi + 3bi 2 = – 22 + 55i – 26i + 65i 2 (b) m = 4 + 2i  = – 8 + 22i = – 10 = – (–1 + 4 i ) i
n –2 – i –2 + i 4–i 5 (–1) rotates the result by
= – (–1i + 4 i 2 )
 – 3b + abi = – 87 + 29i = –2 180° about the origin.
= i – 4i 2 Hence the overall result is
 – 3b = – 87 and ab = 29 = 4+i
9. (a) x2 + 8x + 16 + 9 = (x + 4)2 – 9i 2 z rotated by 270° anti-
 a = 1, b = 29
= (x + 4 – 3i )(x + 4 + 3i) clockwise about the origin.

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 Chapter 3: Gr 10 Complex Numbers Exam & Exercise 3.4
Im (d) z.z* = (–1 + 4i )(–1 – 4i ) Exercise 3.4 (Questions – p. 43 in Book)
z (–1; 4) = –1(–1 – 4i ) + 4i (–1 – 4i )
6x 2 – 13x + 6
= (1 + 4i ) + (–4 i – 16i 2 ) 1. (a) 2x2 – 13x + 2 =
= (1 + 4i ) + (16 – 4i ) 3 3
(3x – 2)(2x – 3)
3
z . i (4; 1) = 17 = = 0
3
Re The product of two complex numbers is rewritten  x = 2 or 3
as the sum of two different numbers. The result is 3 2
the diagonal from the origin of the rectangle. The
product of a complex conjugate pair is always real. 2x 2 x 2x 2 + x – 3 (2x + 3)(x – 1)
(b) z+1 (b) + –1 = = = 0
Im 3 3 3 3
= (–1 + 4 i ) + (1 + 0 i )
3
= 4i  x=– or 1
z (–1; 4) z + 1(0; 4) Im 2
p (1; 4)
(c) 4x4 + 3x2 – 1 = (4x2 – 1)(x2 + 1) = 0
 x = ± 1 or x = ±i
2
z . z * (17; 0)
Re Re
(1; 0)
(d) x4 – x2 – 12 = (x2 – 4)(x2 + 3) = 0
The sum of two complex numbers is the x = ± 2 or x = ± 3i
diagonal from the origin of the parallelogram. q (16; – 4)
(e) x4 + 3x2 – 28 = (x2 – 4)(x2 + 7) = 0
(c) 2 z + z * = (–2 + 8i ) + (–1 – 4 i ) x = ± 2 or x = ± 7i
= – 3 + 4i 13. 3p + 3qi + pi + qi 2 = – 4 + 2i
(f) 3x4 + 25x2 – 18 = (3x2 – 2)(x2 + 9) = 0
 (3p – q) + (3q + p)i = – 4 + 2i
The sum of two complex numbers is the
diagonal from the origin of the parallelogram.  3p – q = –4 and p + 3q = 2 x = ± 2 or x = ±3i
3
Ch 3: Gr 10 COMPLEX NUMBERS

 q = 1 and  p = –1
Im solve simultaneously 2. (a) x3 + x2 – x – 1 = x2(x + 1) – (x + 1)
2z (– 2; 8)
= (x + 1)(x2 – 1) = 0
b k c t  x = ±1
14. For x2 + kx + t = 0, – =– and = .
a 1 a 1
2z + z * (– 3; 4) (b) x3 + 4x2 + 9x + 36 = x2(x + 4) + 9(x + 4)
(a + bi )(a – bi ) = a2 – b2 i 2 = a2 + b2 = t = t
1 = (x + 4)(x2 + 9) = 0
Re k  x = –4, x = ±3i
(a + bi) + (a – bi) = 2a = – so 2a + k = 0.
1
(c) x3 + 2x2 + 6x + 12 = x2(x + 2) + 6(x + 2)
z * (–1; – 4)
= (x + 2)(x2 + 6) = 0
 x = –2, x = ± 6i
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 Chapter 5: Exercise 5.2 & 5.3

7. 9x – 24 Exercise 5.3 (Questions – p. 57 in Book) 2

(d) 2x – 9x + 162 =
A
+
B
+
C
x 2 – 6x + 8 (x + 1)(x – 2) (x + 1) (x – 2) (x – 2)2
3x + 4 A B
9x – 24 A B 1. (a) = +
= º + (x + 3)2 (x + 3) (x + 3)2  2x2 – 9x + 16 º A(x – 2)2 + B(x + 1)(x – 2)
(x – 4)(x – 2) x –4 x –2
 3x + 4 º A(x + 3) + B + C(x + 1)
12 –6
A = = 6 B = = 3
2 –2 Let x = –1:  27 = 9A  A=3
Let x = – 3:  – 5 = B  B = –5
9x – 24 6 3
= + Let x = 2:  6 = 3C  C=2
x 2 – 6x + 8 x –4 x –2 Let x = 0:  4 = 3A – 5
 9 = 3A  A=3 Let x = 0:  16 = 12 – 2B + 2  B = –1
1 3 5 2
8.  3x + 42 = –  2x – 9x + 162 =
3
–
1
+
2
x 2 – 2x – 8 (x + 3) ( x + 3) ( x + 3)2 (x + 1)(x – 2) ( x + 1) ( x – 2) ( x – 2)2
1 A B
= º +
(x – 4)(x + 2) x –4 x +2 x 2 – 7x + 12 A B C 2x 2 + 1 2
(b) = + + (e) = 22x + 1 2
1 1 x(x – 2)2 x ( x – 2) ( x – 2)2 2 2
x (x – 2x + 1) x .(x – 1)
A = B =
6 –6
 x2 – 7x + 12 º A(x – 2)2 + Bx(x – 2) + Cx A B C D
1 1 1
= + 2 + +
= – x x ( x – 1) ( x – 1)2
x 2 – 2x – 8 6( x – 4) 6( x + 2) Let x = 0:  12 = 4A  A=3
 2x2 + 1 º Ax(x – 1)2 + B(x – 1)2 + Cx2(x – 1) + Dx2
Let x = 2:  2 = 2C  C=1 Let x = 1:  3=D
23x – 1
9.
6x 2 + x – 1 Let x = 1:  6 = 3 + B(–1) + 1  B = –2 Let x = 0:  1=B
23x – 1 A B 2
= º + 3 2 1 Let x = –1:  3 = –4A + 4 – 2C + 3
(3x – 1)(2x + 1) 3x – 1 2x + 1  x – 7x + 212 = – +
x(x – 2) x ( x – 2) ( x – 2)2  4A + 2C = 4 .. . 
23 – 23
–1 –1 Let x = 2:  9 = 2A + 1 + 4C + 12
A = 3 = 4 B = 2 = 5
2 +1 –3 – 1 8x – 12 8x – 12  2A + 4C = –4 .. . 
(c) =
3 2 (x + 3)(x 2 – 6x + 9) (x + 3)(x – 3)2
Ch 5: Gr 11 PARTIAL FRACTIONS

Solve equations  and  simultaneously, using

23x – 1 4 5 A B C
2
= + = + + the calculator:
6x + x – 1 3 x – 1 2 x +1 (x + 3) (x – 3) (x – 3)2
 A = 2 and C = – 2
2
 8x – 12 º A(x – 3) + B(x + 3)(x – 3) + C(x + 3) 2x 2 + 1 2 1 2 3
2
6x – 22x + 18 A B C  = + 2– +
10. º + + 2 2
x (x – 2x + 1) x x ( x – 1) ( x – 1)2
(x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3) x –1 x –2 x –3 Let x = – 3:  – 36 = 36A  A = –1
–2 6
A = 2 = 1 B = = 2 C = = 3 Let x = 3:  12 = 6C  C=2
2 –1 2
Let x = 0:  –12 = – 9 – 9B + 6  B=1
6x 2 – 22x + 18 1 2 3
= + + 8x – 12 –1 1 2
(x – 1)(x – 2)(x – 3) x –1 x – 2 x –3  = + +
2
(x + 3)(x – 6x + 9) ( x + 3) ( x – 3) ( x – 3)2

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 Chapter 7: Exercise 7.2 & 7.3
4. (a) y
Exercise 7.3 (Questions – p. 75 in Book) (g) f (g(x))
4
(– 2; 3) 1. (a) f (g(5)) (b) g(f (5))  (g(x )) if (g(x ))  0
3 = 
(– 2; 1)
2 g(5) = 2 f (5) = 25 – (g(x )) if (g(x ))  0
1 f (2) = 4 g(25) = 22
– 5 – 4 – 3 – 2 –1 O 1 2 3 4 5
x
 f (g(5)) = 4  g(f (5)) = 22


= 
 x – 1  if x –1  0 x ≥1
–1
–  x – 1  if x –1  0 x≥1

(b) Domain: x Î  Range: y ≥ –1 Outer function Outer function  x – 1 if x  1

= 
(c) f (g(x)) (d) g(f (x)) – x + 1 if x  1
(c) f (– 3) = 1 f (–1) = 0 f (3) = 2
Inner function Inner function
(h) g(f (x))
(d) (i) No solution (ii) x = 4 = (g(x))2 = (f (x))– 3
= (x – 3)2 = (x2) – 3  (x ) – 1 if x  0
(iii) x ≤ – 2 or x=2 = 
= x2 – 3  – ( x ) – 1 if x  0

5. f (x) = x + 1 , x ≠ 0 Outer function Outer function

x
2 3. (a) f (x) = 3x – 2 g(x) = 2 – x
y = x +1 (e) f (f (x)) (f) g(g(x)) f (g(x)) = 3(g(x)) – 2 g(f (x)) = 2 – (f(x))
x
Inner function Inner function = 3(2 – x) – 2 = 2 – (3x – 2)
 yx = x2 + 1
= 4 – 3x = 4 – 3x
 0 = x2 – yx + 1 quadratic equation = (x2)2 = (x – 3) – 3 Domain: x Î  Domain: x Î 
= x4 = x–6
– b ± b2 – 4ac + y ± y2 – 4
x = =
2a 2 (b) f (x) = x2 g(x) = x + 2
2. (a) f (g(9)) (b) g(f (9)) f (g(x)) = (g(x))2 g(f (x)) = (f (x)) + 2
Restrictions placed on the range such that the = f (2) = g(9)
= (x + 2)2 = x2 + 2
domain is real: = 2 = 9–1 = 2
Domain: x Î  Domain: x Î 
Ch 7: Gr 11 FUNCTIONS

y2 – 4 ≥ 0
(c) f (g(0)) (d) g(f (0))
 (y – 2)(y + 2) ≥ 0
= f (–1) = g(0) (c) f (x) = x2 – 4 g(x) = x
= 1 = –1
 x
2
+ – + f (g(x)) = –4 g(f (x)) = x2 – 4
–2 2
(e) f (g(– 4)) (f) g(f (– 4)) = x–4
 –∞ < y ≤ –2 or 2≤y<∞ undefined = g(4)
Domain g(x): x ≥ 0 Domain: x2 – 4 ≥ 0
= 4 –1
= 1 Domain f  g: x ≥ 0  x ≤ –2 or x  2

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 Chapter 8: Exercise 8.3 & 8.4

7. y = 3 x + 1 + 1 = 3x + 1 + 1 Exercise 8.4 (Questions – p. 88 in Book) (b) y =

5
–2
|x | + 1
y 1. (a) y = – | x |2 + 2| x | + 15
For x ≥ 0: For x < 0:
y
Note: For x ≥ 0 : 5 5
(1; 16) y = –2 y = –2
4 |3x + 1 + 1| y = – x2 + 2x + 15 x +1 –x + 1
15
= 3x + 1 + 1  y = – (x2 – 2x – 15) y 5
 y = –2
y=1 for all real values of x  y = – (x + 3)(x – 5) x –1
O x
y-intercept : y = 15 x y
–3 5 3
x-intercept(s) : x = 5; x ≠ – 3 3
2
Domain: x Î  x
Turning point : (1; 16) –1
x=1 3
Range: y > 1 y = –2
–2 –3
2
For x < 0 : y x
1
y = – x2 – 2x + 15 (–1; 16) y = –2
–2
2
 y = – (x + 2x – 15) 15
Ch 8: Gr 11 ABSOLUTE VALUES, GRAPHS & INEQUALITIES

x = –1
8. y = |21 + x – 1 – 3| = |2x – 3|  y = – (x + 5)(x – 3)
y-intercept : y = 15
y-intercept (x = 0): y = |1 – 3| = 2 x x=1
x-intercept(s) : x = – 5; x ≠ 3 –5 3
5
x-intercept (y = 0): 2x = 3 SOLVE: Turning point : (–1; 16)  The graph of y = – 2 for ALL values of x :
|x | + 1
 x ≈ 1,6 Appendix 1 x = –1
y
 The graph of y = – | x |2 + 2| x | – 15
for ALL values of x :
y = 2.2x – 1 – 3: y = | 2.2x – 1 – 3|:
y 3
3
–3 2
y y 2
(–1; 16) (1; 16)
x
15 –1 1
y = –2
y=3 –2
2
O x O x Domain: x Î 
1,6 1,6 x
–2 –5 –3 3 5
y = –3 Range: y ≤ 16
x = –1 x = 1
x = –1 x = 1
Domain: x Î  Note that the final graphs
Domain: x Î 
in (a), (b), (c) and (d)
Range: y  0 In examples (a)  (d), the graph of Range: –2 < y ≤ 3 are all symmetrical
y = f (| x |) for x  0 can be reflected in the
about the y-axis.
y-axis to obtain the other part (where x < 0).

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 Chapter 10: Exercise 10.3 & Chapter 11: Exercise 11.1
 3
1
(e) f (x) = 3x – 1 = 3x – x 2  1 d  1 + x2  Chapter 11:
x 3. (a) Dx  x 2 – 3  (b)  1 
 x  dx   Grade 11 TRIGONOMETRY
f '(x) = 3 +
1  32
.x = 3+
1  x2 
2 2 x3
Dx [x2 – x– 3]
=
d –1

dx x 2 + x  Exercise 11.1 (Questions – p. 113 in Book)
1
= 2x + 3x– 4 3 1. (a) cosec .tan  (b) cosec .
(f) 3
f (x) = x – 6x + 9x – 4 2
1 – cot θ
= – x 2 +1 1 sin θ
f '(x) = 3x – 12x + 9
2 = 2x + 34 2 =
sin θ

cos θ =
1

sin θ
x 1 sin θ cos θ
= – +1 1
3 = = sec  1
3 cos θ = = sec 
x 2x 2 cos θ
(g) f (x) = + x2 – 5x + 1 1 1
3 (c) sec . .
tan θ cosec θ
f '(x) = x2 + 2x – 5   d  2s – s2 + 3s3 
(c) Dt  t – 3t  (d)   =
1

cos θ
 sin  = 1
 t  ds  s2  cos θ sin θ
x 2  4x  1 d (d) cot .cosec . tan 
(h) f (x) = = x–4 = (2s–1 – 1 + 3s)
x = Dt 1 – 3t 2  ds cos θ 1 sin θ
=  .
f '(x) = 1 1
= –2s – 2 + 3 sin θ sin θ cos θ
3 –
= – t 2 1
2 –2 = = cosec 
= +3 sin θ
3x 2 + x  1 3 s2
(i) f (x) = = 3x + 1 – x –1 =
x 2 t (e) tan .cos .cot .sec 
1 1
f '(x) = 3 + x –2 = 3 + 12 = tan .cos . .
tan θ cos θ
= 1
x 3 2
(e) f (x) = 2x – x – 8x + 4
x –2 2. (a) R.T.P.: tan A. cosec2 A.cos2 A = cot A
3 2 2
2. (a) y = 3x + 5x – 4x – 3 x (2x – 1) – 4(2x – 1) sin A 1
= LHS =   cos2 A
x –2 cos A sin2A
dy
= 9x2 + 10x – 4 (2x – 1)(x – 2)(x + 2)
dx = cos A
= = cot A = RHS
Ch 11: Gr 11 TRIGONOMETRY

x –2 sin A
4x 2  1 = 2x2 + 3x – 2, x  2 (b) R.T.P.: cot2 A – cos2 A = cot2 A.cos2 A
(b) g(x) =
2x + 1
 f '(x) = 4x + 3 LHS =
cos2A
– cos2 A
(2x + 1)(2x  1) sin2A
=
2x + 1
cos2A – cos2A sin2A
= 2x – 1; x  – 1 =
2 sin2A
g '(x) = 2 cos2A(1 – sin2A)
=
sin2A
cos2A
=  cos2 A = cot2 A . cos2 A = RHS
sin2A

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 Chapter 11: Exercise 11.3 & 11.4
1 π 1 π
cos  3x –
π   π 
tan  +  = – tan x
(b) Area segment = (2)2  – (2)2 sin x π
2 3 2 3
3.  = – cos  x +  5.
 36   36  2 4
= 2π – 2  3  cos  3x –
π    π   tan  +  = tan(– x)
x π
3 2  = cos  π –  x + 
 36    36  2 4
2π – 3 3 x π
=
=   – x  + 2 k,
π 35π  + = – x +  k, k Î
3  3x – k Î 2 4
36  36 
1 π 3x
Area triangle = (2)2 sin = 3
 3x –
π
= 
35π
– x  + 2 k  = – π + k
2 3 2 4
36  36 
 
Area of coin = 3   2π – 3 3  + 3  4x =  + 2 k  x = – π + 2π k
 3  6 3
= 2 – 2 3 cm 2  x= π + πk
4 2
6. (a) cos 2x = sin x

Exercise 11.4 (Questions – p. 124 in Book) or 3x –

π
= – 
35π
– x  + 2 k  cos 2x = cos  π – x 
36  36  2 
 π 
2 tan  x –
π 34π  2x = ±  – x  + 2 k, k Î
1.  = 1,45  2x = – + 2 k
 12  36 2 

 tan  x –
π
 = 0,725  x = – 17π +  k k Î  2x =  π – x  + 2 k
 12  36 2 
π π
 x– = 0,627. .. +  k , k Î  3x = + 2 k
12 2
4. (a) sin  2x +  = sin x
0,889 +  k π
 x ≈  x = π + 2π k
 6 6 3
π
2. (a) 3 sin  2x +  = 1,5
π  2x + = x + 2  k, k Î
 6 6 or 2x = –  π – x  + 2 k
2 
 sin  2x +  =
π 1  x = – π + 2 k
 6 2 6  x = – π + 2 k
2
Ch 11: Gr 11 TRIGONOMETRY

π π
 2x + = + 2 k , k Î
 
6 6 π
or 2x + =  – x + 2 k
6 (b) xÎ – 11π ; – 7π ; – π ; π ; 5π
 x = k 6 6 2 6 6
5π
π π  3x = + 2 k
or 2x + = – + 2 k 6
6 6 7. 2 cos 2x = 1,3
 x = 5π + 2π k
 2x = 2π + 2 k 18 3  cos 2x = 0,65
3
π
 
 x = + k  2x =  0,8632. .. + 2 k, kÎ
3 (b) xÎ – π ; – 7π ; 5π ; 17π
6 18 18 18  x ≈  0,432 +  k

(b) xÎ – π; 0; π; 2π; – 2π ; π ; 4π
3 3 3 
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 Chapter 13: Exercise 13.1 & 13.2
(h) RTP: 3. (a) Assume the statement is true for n = k, k Î  2. RTP: n3 + 2n is divisible by 3
2 n–1
1 + 2  1  + 3  1  + . . . + n  1 
n+2
= 4– Proof:
2 2 2 2n – 1 (b) LHS = [1 + 8 + 27 + . . . + k 3] + [(k + 1)3]
For n = 1: 13 + 2(1) = 3(1), which is divisible by 3
 A
k 2(k + 1)2  The statement is true for n = 1
Proof: = + (k + 1)3
4
For n = 1: LHS = 1 RHS = 1 k 2(k + 1)2 + 4(k + 1)3 Assume the statement is true for n = k , k Î
=
 A is true for n = 1 4 i.e. k 3 + 2k = 3p, p Î
2 2
(k + 1) [k + 4k + 4]
= For n = k + 1 :
4
Assume A is true for n = k , k Î (k + 1)3 + 2(k + 1) = k 3 + 3k 2 + 3k + 1 + 2k + 2
(k + 1)2(k + 2)2
2 k –1 = = (k 3 + 2k) + 3k 2 + 3k + 3
i.e. 1 + 2  1  + 3  1  + . . . + k  1  4
2 2 2 = RHS = 3p + 3(k 2 + k + 1)
k +2 = 3(p + k 2 + k + 1) which is
= 4– k –1
2 divisible by 3.
Exercise 13.2 (Questions – p. 143 in Book)  If the statement is true for n = k , then it is also
For n = k + 1 : true for n = k + 1.
2 k –1 1. RTP: n 2 + n is an even number
The statement is true for n = 1.
LHS = 1 + 2  1  + 3  1  + . . . + k  1 
2 2 2 Proof:
k
 Statement is true for all n Î , n ≥ 1 by the
+ (k + 1)  1 
2
For n = 1: 1 + 1 = 2 which is an even number. principle of Mathematical Induction.
2
k
 The statement is true for n = 1.
Ch 13: Gr 12 MATHEMATICAL INDUCTION

3. RTP:
= 4 – k – 1 + (k + 1)  1 
k +2
2 2 Assume that the statement is true for n = k , k Î  6n2 + 2n is divisible by 4
2k + 4 – k – 1
= 4– i.e. k 2 + k = 2p, p Î Proof:
2k
For n = 1: 6(1)2 + 2(1) = 8 = 4(2), which is
k +3 For n = k + 1 :
= 4– k divisible by 4
2
(k + 1)2 + (k + 1) = k2 + 2k + 1 + k + 1  The statement is true for n = 1.
k +1+2 k +3
RHS = 4 – k + 1 –1 = 4 – k = LHS = (k2 + k) + 2k + 2
2 2 Assume the statement is true for n = k , k Î
= 2p + 2(k + 1)
 If A is true for n = k, then it is also true for i.e. 6k 2 + 2k = 4p, p Î
= 2(p + k + 1) which is divisible by 2.
n = k + 1. For n = k + 1 :
 If the statement is true for n = k , then it is also
true for n = k + 1. 6(k + 1)2 + 2(k + 1) = 6k 2 + 12k + 6 + 2k + 2
A is true for n = 1.
The statement is true for n = 1. = (6k 2 + 2k) + 12k + 8
= 4p + 4(3k + 2)
 By Mathematical Induction, A is true  by Mathematical Induction the statement is
for n Î . = 4(p + 3k + 2) which is
true for n Î .
divisible by 4.
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 Chapter 14: Exercise 14.7
(c) y (b) f (x)
3. (a) f (x) = 2e x – 2
–1 y=x
f Domain: x > –2 Range: y Î
 x = 2e y – 2
–1
(–1; 4) 3,4
f (x)
 x + 2 = 2e y
3 Domain: x Î  Range: y > – 2
 x + 1 = ey
2 y
3,4
x
(c)
O 2
3 (4; –1)  y = ln  x + 1 
f 2  y=x
1
 f –1(x) = ln  x + 1  0,4
2  –0,4 0,4
O x
–3 –2 –1 1 2
–0,4
2. (a) f (x) = – e x + 1 – 1 (b) f (x)
–1
y +1 Domain: x Î  Range: y > – 2 f –1 (–1; –1)
 x = –e –1
y +1 f –1(x) –2
 x + 1 = –e
Domain: x > –2 Range: y Î  f
 –x – 1 = e y + 1 –3
 y + 1 = ln (– x – 1)
(c) y 5. (a) f (x) = ln (x + 4) – 2
 f –1(x) = ln (– x – 1) – 1 2
f y=x  x = ln (y + 4) – 2
1  x+2 = ln (y + 4)
(b) f (x) f –1  y+4 = ex + 2
O x
–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2
Domain: x Î  Range: y < –1  f –1(x) = e x + 2 – 4
(–1,3; –1) –1
(–1; –1,3)
f –1 (x) –2 (b) f (x)
Domain: x < –1 Range: y Î –3 Domain: x > –4 Range: y Î
–1
f (x)
–4
Domain: x Î  Range: y > – 4
y –5
(c) 2 (c) y
4
y=x
f –1 1 4. (a) f (x) = 2ln(x + 2) – 1 3
3,4
y=x
–3; 7  x = 2ln(y + 2) – 1
O x 2
Ch 14: Gr 12 e & ln

–5 –4 –3 –2 –1 1 2
(–2; –1) –1  x + 1 = 2ln(y + 2) 1
–0,6 3,4
(–1; –2)
–2
 x + 1 = ln (y + 2) –4 –3 –2 –1
O
1 2 3 4
x
2
x +1 –1 –0,6
–3 f
 y+2 = e 2 –2
–3, 7
–4 x +1
f f –1 –3
–5
 f –1(x) = e 2 –2
–4

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 Chapter 15: Exercise 15.13 & Gr 12 Exam

(b) y – 0 = – 5 (x – 8) (c) At (1; 2): mT =

22 – 3(1)2
= 1 ;  mN = – 8
6. y = e x ; y' = e x
2 2
3(2) – 2(1)(2) 8 At x = 0: m = 1
5
 y = – x + 20 y – 2 = – 8(x – 1) y = e– x ; y' = – e x
2
 y = – 8x + 10 At x = 0: m = –1
mT  mN = –1
2. Dx (3y 4 + 4x – x 2sin y – 4) = Dx (0)
4. (a) Dx(sin y) = Dx(x)  Graphs are orthogonal
+ 4 –  2x sin y + x 2cos y  = 0
dy3 dy
 12y
dx  dx  dy
 cos y  = 1
dy dy dx Gr 12 Exam Solutions (Questions – p. 176 in Book)
 12y3 – x2cos y = 2x sin y – 4 dy 1
dx dx  = 1
dx cos y 1. (a) f (x) =
dy 2x sin y – 4 1  2x
 =
dx 12y3 – x 2cos y f '(x) = lim
f (x + h) – f (x )
(b) sin y = 0,5 h 0 h
2(1) sin 0 – 4  1 
 y = π 0,5; π 
At (1; 0) mT = = 4 1
= lim   h
12(0)3 – (1)2cos 0 6  6 h  0  1  2(x + h) 1  2 x 
1 1  2 x  (1  2 x  2h)
 mN = – 1 1 2 3 3 = lim .
4 mT = = ;  mN = – h 0 h (1  2 x  2h)(1  2 x )
cos π 3 2
y – 0 = – 1 (x – 1) 6 = lim 1 . 2h
4 h  0 h (1  2 x  2h)(1  2 x )
3
y– π = – (x – 0,5) 2
 y = –1x + 1 6 2 =
4 4 (1  2 x )2
3
 y = – x + 0,96
2 f (x + h) – f (x )
(b) f '(x) = lim
3. (a) LHS = 13 + 23 – (1)(22) = 5 h 0 h
Ch 15: Gr 12 FURTHER DERIVATIVES

RHS = 5 = LHS = lim   1

–
1  1
2x + 1  h
2
5. f (x) = e 4x h  0  2x + 2h + 1
Point lies on curve. 2
f '(x) = e 4x  8x = lim
 2x + 1 – 2x + 2h + 1  2x + 1 + 2x + 2h + 1 
(b) Dx(x3 + y3 – xy2) = Dx(5) 2
1
h 0 h 2x + 1 2x + 2h + 1  2x + 1 + 2x + 2h + 1 
4 
mT = f '  1  = e 4  8  1  = 2,568. .. ; = lim
2x + 1 – (2x + 2h + 1)
2
 3x + 3y
dy  2
–  y + 2xy  = 0
2 dy 4 4 h 0 h 2x + 1 2x + 2h + 1  2x + 1 + 2x + 2h + 1 
dx  dx  mN  –0,39 – 2h
= lim
dy dy 1
2 h 0 h 2x + 1 2x + 2h + 1  2x + 1 + 2x + 2h + 1 
 3y2 – 2xy = y2 – 3x2 4 
dx dx f  1  = e 4  1,28 –2
4 =
dy 2
y – 3x 2 (2x + 1)  2 2x + 1 
 =
y – 1,28 = – 0,39  x – 
1
dx 3y 2 – 2xy –1
 4 = 3
 y = – 0,39x + 1,38 (2x + 1)2

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 Chapter 17: Exercise 17.8 & 17.9

(b) f (x) = 1  2x
2
x 2 + 5x + 1
7. f (x) = 2x – 5x + 1 10. f (x) = x 3
x –1 x 3 – 7x 2 + 10x
Intercepts: y-int.: 0;   x-int:  ; 0
1 1
Vertical: x = 1 Vertical: x(x 2 – 7x + 10) = x(x – 5)(x – 2) = 0  3 2 
2(x  3)  5
Oblique: f (x) =
2x (x  1)  3x + 1 f (x) = = –2 – 5
x –1 V.A.: x = 0; x = 2; x = 5 x 3 x 3
2x (x  1)  3(x  1)  2 y
= 1 V.A.: x = 3
x –1 5 1
x3  + 2 + 3 
 x  = 0
= (2x – 3) – 2 Horizontal: lim
x x H.A.: y = – 2
x 1 x  3 7 10  1
x 1  + 2
 O.A.: y = 2x – 3  x x  2
x
 H.A.: y = 0 01 3
3
–2
8. Vertical: 2x2 + 9x – 5 = (2x – 1)(x + 5) = 0
Exercise 17.9 (Questions – p. 205 in Book)
 V.A. : x = 1 ; x = – 5
2
1. (a) f (x) = 3x  1 2
(x  2)(x + 2)
2 1
1 x +2 (c) f (x) = x  4 =
x   2 x+1 (x + 1)
x x 
Horizontal: lim = 0 y–intercept: 0;  1  x-intercept(s):  1 ; 0 y–int.: (0; –4) x-int.: (–2; 0) ; (2; 0)
x  2 9 5  2 3 
x  2 +  2
 x x  3(x + 2)  7 x ( x + 1)  x  4 x ( x + 1)  ( x + 1)  3
 H.A.: y = 0 f (x) = 3x  1 = = 3– 7 f (x) = =
x +2 (x + 2) (x + 2) x+1 x+1
V.A.: x = –2 H.A.: y = 3 = (x – 1) – 3
Ch 17: Gr 12 DERIVATIVE APPLICATIONS

(x + 1)
9. f (x) = 3x – 5 1 V.A.: x = –1 O.A.: y = x – 1
5 – 2x x x < –2 x = –2 –2 < x < x=1 x>1
3 3 3
x x < –2 x = –2 –2 < x < –1 x = –1 –1 < x < 2 x = 2 x > 2
Vertical: x = 5 f (x) + u/d – 0 +
2 f (x) – 0 + u/d – 0 +

x  3  
5 y y
Horizontal: lim  x
= –3
x 2 + 
x  5 2 y = x –1
 x 3 f (x)
H.A.: y = – 3 1
2 3
x x
–2 0 1 –2 –1 0 1 2
 –1
2

–4

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 Chapter 18: Exercise 18.11 & 18.12
3. 9
 2x(x + 2) dx 5. 

3x
dx Exercise 18.12 (Questions – p. 229 in Book)
 2x + 3
u=x+2 x=u–2 du = dx  x – 1 dx
u–3 1. 
9 u = 2x + 3 x= du = 2dx  x +1
 2(u – 2)u du 2
x –1 x +1–2 2
= = 1–
= 2 (u10 – 2u9 )du 1 x +1 x +1 x +1
 u–3 –
= 
2. du 3  1 – 
1
3. 2 .u 2
   du
4   u 2 – 3u 2 
 u11 2u10     1 – 2  dx = x – 2ln|x + 1| + c
= 2 –  
 +c  x + 1
 11 10   3 1 
3  2u 2 3 . 2u 2 
 u 1 =  –  +c
= 2u10  –  +c 4 3 1 
 11 5  1 2. 

x +3
dx
5u – 11  x –5
= 2u10 . +c u
3u 2 
=  – 3 + c x +3 x –5+8 8
55 2 3  = = 1+
x –5 x –5 x –5
2(x + 2)10(5x + 10 – 11) 1
= +c
55 3u 2 u – 9   1 + 8  dx = x + 8ln|x – 5| + c
= . +c  
10 2 3  x –5 
2(x + 2) (5x – 1)
= +c 2x + 3(2x + 3 – 9)
55 = +c
2
x 2 – 2x + 3
= 2x + 3(x – 3) + c 3. 
 dx
3  x
4.  9x(3x + 2) dx
x 2 – 2x + 3 3
u = 3x + 2 x= u–2 du = 3dx 2 2
– 1)5dx = x –2+
3
6.  1
x (x x x

u – 2 3 du u=x–1 x=u+1   x – 2 + 3  dx = x 2 – 2x + 3ln| x| + c

 4
– 2u3 )du
 9.
 3
.u
3
=  (u du = dx 2 2
x = (u + 1) = u + 2u + 12

 x

2
5 4 x = 1, u = 0 x = 2, u = 1
u 2u
= – +c
5 4
1 1  x3
(u2 + 2u + 1)u5du = (u7 + 2u6 + u5 )du 4.  2 dx
4u 
= u  – 1 + c 0 0  x –4
Ch 18: Gr 12 INTEGRATION

 5 2  1
 u8 2u7 u6  x3 x(x 2 – 4) + 4x 4x
2u – 5
4 =  + +  = = x+ 2
=u . +c 8 7 6 0
2
x –4 x2 – 4 x –4
10
(3x + 2)4(2(3x + 2) – 5) 1 2 1  4x   4x
=
10
+c =  + +  –0
8 7 6 x + 2

 dx =
x –4
 x dx +  x 2 – 4 dx
(3x + 2)4 (6x – 1) = 97 x2 2x 1
=
10
+c 168 = + 4
 . 2 dx
2  2 x –4
x2
= + 2ln|x2 – 4| + c
2

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