10

Science 10
Quarter 2 - Week 7
Module 5: Optical Instruments

AIRs - LM
Science 10
Quarter 2 - Week 7
Module 5: Optical Instruments
First Edition, 2020

Copyright @ 2020
La Union Schools Division
Region I

All rights reserved. No part of this module may be reproduced in any form without
written permission from the copyright owners.

Development Team of the Module

Author: Luzviminda V. Dulay, MT I

Editor: SDO La Union, Learning Resource Quality Assurance Team

Illustrator: Ernesto F. Ramos, Jr., P II, Dina Jacla

Management Team:

ATTY. Donato D. Balderas, Jr.

Schools Division Superintendent
Vivian Luz S. Pagatpatan, Ph.D
Assistant Schools Division Superintendent
German E. Flora, Ph.D, CID Chief
Virgilio C. Boado, Ph.D, EPS in Charge of LRMS
Rominel S. Sobremonte, Ed.D, EPS in Charge of Science
Michael Jason D. Morales, PDO II
Claire P. Toluyen, Librarian II
 Science 10
Quarter 2 - Week 7
Module 5: Optical Instruments
 Target
In the previous module, you have learned two of the properties of light which
are the reflection and refraction. You have gained concepts on the rules of reflection
and refraction to describe and explain how images are formed by mirrors and
lenses. Now it is time to apply these ideas to some common optical instruments
and to show how such devices work.

At the end of this module, you are expected to:

Most Essential Learning Competency

Identify ways in which the properties of mirrors and lenses determine their use
in optical instruments (e.g. cameras and binoculars) S10FEIIh-52

Specifically, you should be able to:

1. Name the different optical instruments

2. Describe the functions of each optical instrument
3. Explain how a microscope magnifies small objects and how a telescope
enables us to see distant objects
4. Determine similarities and differences between the telescope and the
microscope

Pre-Test
Directions: Read each item carefully. Select the letter of the best answer and write
it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. What type of lens is used to make a magnifying glass?

A. convex
B. concave
C. mirror
D. prism

2. Which of the following is a characteristic of a compound microscope?

A. The objective is a diverging lens.
B. The eyepiece is a diverging lens.
C. The final image is real.
D. The image formed from the objective is real.
3. An optical device used for viewing distant objects is called
A. binoculars
B. camera
C. microscope
D. telescope

4. What type of lens is used in a microscope and a telescope?

A. concave lens
B. convex lens
C. one convex lens and one concave lens
D. two convex lenses

5. The magnification of a microscope is increased when

A. the focal length of the objective lens is increased
B. the focal length of the objective lens is decreased
C. the focal length of the eyepiece is increased
D. the distance between the objective lens and eyepiece is
decreased

6. In which of the following instruments, the objective has a large focal length
and a very large eyepiece?
A. simple microscope
B. compound microscope
C. telescope
D. camera

7. First image produced by a compound microscope is

A. real and inverted
B. real and erect
C. virtual and erect
D. virtual and inverted

8. The image formed by camera in film is

A. virtual, upright, smaller than the object
B. virtual, inverted, smaller than the object
C. real, inverted, smaller than the object
D. real, upright, smaller than the object

9. The image formed by a magnifying glass has properties of

A. real, inverted, enlarged
B. virtual, inversed, enlarged
C. real, upright, enlarged
D. virtual, upright, enlarged

10. Which optical instrument is inserted in the body in order to observe internal
passages such as a person’s esophagus or intestine?
A. camera
B. endoscope
C. magnifying lens
D. periscope
 11. Which optical instrument is used to record an image in a photographic film?
A. bonoculars
B. camera
C. periscope
D. telescope

12. Pedro is doing an experiment and he wanted to see an enlarge image of the
onion cell. What instrument will he use?
A. camera
B. magnifying lens
C. microscope
D. periscope

13. Which optical device views a small object at close distance?

A. binoculars
B. camera
C. magnifying lens
D. microscope

14. Which optical instrument forms a real image?

A. binoculars
B. camera
C. microscope
D. telescope

15. An optical instrument consisting of a tube holding a system of lenses and

mirrors or prisms, so arranged that a person looking through the eyepiece at
one end can see objects reflected at the other end is called _____________.
A. camera
B. periscope
C. spectrometer
D. telescope

LESSON
OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS
1
The eye is an exceptional optical instrument. It is a wonderful instrument,
relying on refraction and lenses to form images. But, it has limitations. What are
these limitations? It cannot see clearly very small things such as microorganisms
nor very far objects such as heavenly bodies. However, scientists and engineers
have developed instruments to extend the capability of the eye to see. Most of these
instruments use lenses or a combination of lenses.
What are some of these instruments and how do properties of light such as
reflection and refraction enable our eye to form images?
 Jumpstart
GETTING FAMILIAR WITH THE OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

Objective: Identify the different optical instruments

Direction: Look at the pictures of the different optical instruments. Match the
picture with its name. Write the letter of your answer in a separate sheet of paper.

Column A Column B
1. A. binoculars

Source: https://www.indiamart.com/proddetail/ B. camera

compound-microscope-18080878588.html

2.

C. compound microscope
Source https://i.pcmag.com/imagery/roundups/
018cwxjHcVMwiaDIpTnZJ8H-22..1570842461.jpg
3.

D. magnifying lens

Source: https://www.pngkey.com/detail/u2q8a9a9a9q8e6o0_
magnifying-glass-transparent-background-magnifying-glass/
4.

E. periscope

Source: https://www.learningresources.co.uk/vega-360tm-
telescope-geovisiontm-precision-optics

5. F. telescope

Source: https://www.amazon.co.uk/Olympus-
Binocular-10x-50-DPS-1/dp/B0000AKGX3
 Discover

OPTICAL INSTRUMENTS

The Magnifying Lens

The magnifying lens is the simplest optical instrument that is composed of a
single convex lens. The main function of a magnifying glass is to provide an image
of an object that is bigger than that seen by the naked eye.
The image formed in the lens appears behind the lens. The image is upright,
virtual, and enlarged.

Figure 1. Image Formation in a Magnifying Lens

Source: DepEd Project EASE Physics

The Compound Microscope

A compound microscope consists of a combination of lenses for magnifying an
object several hundred times. It uses two converging lenses with short focal
lengths. The first lens which is near the object is the objective lens, while the one
nearer the eye is the eyepiece. The objective lens forms the first real and enlarged
inverted image. The eyepiece, on the other hand, forms a further enlarged, erect,
but virtual final image.

Figure 2. The first and final image formed by a microscope

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/other-optical-instruments/
Cameras
A camera is an optical instrument that forms and records an image of an
object. The image may be recorded on film or it may be detected by an electronic
sensor that stores the image digitally. Regardless of how the image is recorded, all
cameras form images in the same basic way, as shown in the Figure 3 below.

Figure 3. Image Formation in a Camera

Source: https://flexbooks.ck12.org/cbook/ck-12-middle-school-physical-science-flexbook-
2.0/section/19.9/primary/lesson/optical-instruments-ms-ps

• Light passes through the lens at the front of the camera and enters the
camera through an opening called the aperture.
• As light passes through the lens, it forms a reduced real image. The image
focuses on film (or a sensor) at the back of the camera. The lens may be
moved back and forth to bring the image into focus.
• The shutter controls the amount of light that actually strikes the film (or
sensor). It stays open longer in dim light to let more light in.

Binoculars

Binoculars consist of a pair of telescopes mounted together, each having an

objective lens and an eyepiece. The image formed by the objective lens of binoculars
is upside-down, and the left and right sides are reversed. Binoculars use a system
of prisms to switch the image left to right and right to left. Then the eyepieces
create enlarged, virtual, upright images.

The Telescope

A telescope allows us to see distant objects such as the moon and stars. It
contains two converging lenses, namely, the objective and the eyepiece.
The objective lens is a very large lens that collects a large amount of light from
a faraway object. It has a very long focal length because the object distance is
much greater than the image distance. The objective lens forms the object’s first
real, inverted and diminished object.
The second lens is the eyepiece lens. It has a short focal length. It acts like a
magnifying lens for the image cast by the objective lens. The eyepiece lens is closer
to the eye. It forms a final virtual, enlarged image as shown in figure 5.
 objective
eyepiece lens
lens light rays
observer final from distant
first image image objects

Figure 4. The first and final image formed by a telescope

Illustration by Dina Jacla

Endoscope

An endoscope is a long flexible tube that is inserted in the body so that a doctor
can observe internal passages such as a person’s esophagus or intestine. It has a
converging lens and bunches of optical fibers that convey the image to the end of
the tube, where the image can be observed through a computer monitor or screen.
An endoscope uses the concept of total internal reflection.

Figure 5. How endoscopes wok

Source: www.explainthatstuff.com

Periscope

A periscope is an optical device consisting of a tube attached to a set of mirrors

or prisms, through which an observer (typically in a submerged submarine or
behind a high obstacle) can see things that are otherwise out of sight.

Figure 6. Working principle of a periscope

Source:http://smurfslight.blogspot.com/2011/09/applications-of-reflection-of-light.html
 Explore
Activity 1 ARRANGE ME, COMPLETE ME

Objective: Describe the function/uses of the different optical instruments

Direction:
A. Arrange the jumpled letters to form a correct term of an optical instrument.
Write the correct word and its corresponding function in the table below.

Jumbled Letters Optical Instrument Function/ Uses

MARACE

DEPONOCSE

RILUBANOC

IRPSOMOCEC

GIMYNFANIG NELS

LEOSPETCE

ESROPICPE

B. Write the name of each optical instrument that matches the description.
Your choices can be telescope, microscope, or camera. More than one
instrument can match the description.

1. Has two lenses called the eyepiece lens and objective lens
2. Allows a person to see faraway objects more clearly
3. Moves a lens to focus an image sharply on a piece of film or a digital
sensor
4. Uses a combination of lenses and a tube to enlarge objects
5. Allows a person to see small objects more clearly
Activity 2 HOW IT WORKS?

Objective: Explain how a microscope magnifies small objects and how a telescope
enables us to see distant objects

Directions:
1. Study figure 2 (The first and final image formed by a microscope) that
shows how image is formed in a compound microscope.

2. Choose the correct term from the enclosed choices that should go into
the blank spaces to explain how compound microscope magnifies small
objects.

Two _____1_____ (concave, convex) lenses can form a microscope. The

_____2_____ (eyepice, objective) lens is positioned _____3_____ (close, far)
to the object to be viewed. It forms an ____4______(inverted, upright) and
_____5_____ (enlarged, reduced) image called a _____6_____ (real, virtual)
image because the light rays actually pass through the place where the
image lies. The _____7_____ (eyepiece, objective) lens, acts as a
magnifying glass for this real image. The eyepiece lens makes the light
rays spread more, so that they appear to come from a large _____8_____
(inverted, upright) image beyond the objective lens. Because light rays
do not actually pass through this location, the image is called a
______9____ (real, virtual) image.

3. Study figure 4 (The first and final image formed by a telescope) that
shows how image is formed in a telescope. Then answer the questions
that follow.

4. Answer the following questions:

a. Which lens forms the first image?
b. Where should this image (first image) be positioned with respect to the
eyepiece lens to obtain the final image?
c. Which lens forms the final image?

Activity 3 MICROSCOPE VERSUS TELESCOPE

Objective: Determine similarities and differences between the telescope and the
microscope

Directions: Compare the telescope and microscope in terms of the following:

a. kinds of lenses used
b. image formed by each lens
c. focal length of lenses
Select your answer from the word bank below.

Microscope Telescope

Objective Eyepiece Objective Eyepiece

Lens Lens Lens Lens

Kinds of Lenses
used

Image formed by
lenses

Focal length of
lenses

Word bank:
Concave lens Inverted Long focal length
Convex lens Upright Short focal length
Real image Enlarged First image
Virtual image Reduced Final image

Guide Questions:
1. What similarities can you see between the microscope and the telescope?
2. How do microscope differ from a telescope?

Deepen
Activity: PINHOLE CAMERA
(Adapted from DepEd Project EASE, Module 4: Optical Instruments, pp. 7-8)

Objectives:
1. Construct a pinhole camera
2. Describe the image formed in a pinhole camera

Materials:
empty powdered milk can (11 cm long and 10 cm in diameter)
small nail and hammer
black cartolina (about 35 cm x 30 cm)
 tape or paste
wax paper, about 14 cm2

Procedure:
1. Get a milk can and remove its cover. Make a tiny hole in the center of its
bottom using a small nail and hammer. (Figure 4a)
2. Make a tiny tube out of the black cartolina. The tube must fit into the can.
Cover one end of the tube with wax paper. (Figure 4b)

(a)

(b)

Figure 4a. Milk can with tiny hole

4b. Milk can with black cartolina as cover
3. Slide the covered end of the black tube into the can. You now have a
pinhole camera. (Figure 4c)

Figure 4c. Pinhole Camera

4. Point the pinhole to a distant object such as a building or tree. View this
object through the open end of the black tube. Move the tube to get a
clearer view of the object on the wax paper. The wax paper serves as the
screen for the camera.

Guide Questions:
1. What is formed on the wax paper?
2. Compare what you see on the wax paper with the object to which the camera
is pointed.

Figure 4d. Image Formation in a Pinhole Camera

 Gauge
Directions: Read each item carefully. Select the letter of the best answer and write
it on a separate sheet of paper.

1. Which of the following statements is CORRECT?

A. The image formed by the objective of a microscope is smaller than the
object.
B. The image formed by the objective lens of a telescope is larger than the
object.
C. The image formed by the eyepiece is real for both a microscope and a
telescope.
D. The image formed by the objective lens of a microscope is larger than the
object.

2. Which of the following generalizes the image formed by a microscope?

A. virtual, inverted, and enlarged
B. virtual, erect, and enlarged
C. real, inverted, and enlarged
D. real, erect, and enlarged

3. A compound microscope is an optical device. Which statement is TRUE

about a compound microscope?
A. It consists of a single lens.
B. It is used to magnify distant object clearly.
C. It has an eyepiece that produces a smaller image.
D. It is used to view a very small object at very close distance.

4. Which optical instrument is used for viewing distant objects like the stars
and planets?
A. binoculars
B. camera
C. microscope
D. telescope

5. What type of final image is formed by a compound microscope?

A. real and inverted
B. real and erect
C. virtual and erect
D. virtual and inverted

6. What type of lens is used both in a microscope and a telescope?

A. concave lens
B. convex lens
C. one convex lens and one concave lens
D. two convex lenses
7. What type of lens is used to make a magnifying glass?
A. converging
B. diverging
C. mirror
D. prism

8. What image is formed by a magnifying glass?

A. real, inverted, enlarged
B. virtual, inversed, enlarged
C. real, upright, enlarged
D. virtual, upright, enlarged

9. What image is formed by camera in a photographic film?

A. virtual, upright, smaller than the object
B. virtual, inverted, smaller than the object
C. real, inverted, smaller than the object
D. real, upright, smaller than the object

10. Which of the following optical instrument DOES NOT form a virtual image?
A. binoculars
B. camera
C. microscope
D. telescope

11. Which optical instrument enables a person looking through the eyepiece at
one end to see objects reflected at the other end?
A. Camera B. periscope C. spectrometer D. telescope

12. Which optical instrument is used by doctors in order to observe internal

passages such as a person’s esophagus or intestine?
A. camera
B. endoscope
C. magnifying lens
D. periscope

13. What instrument enables a person to see small objects such as cells and
microorganisms?
A. binoculars
B. camera
C. microscope
D. periscope

14. In what way is a microscope similar to a telescope?

A. Both objective lens have long focal length
B. Both forms a first real and enlarged image
C. Both uses convex lens
D. Both forms a final virtual and reduced image

15. Which optical instrument enables you to see small objects at a close
distance?
A. binoculars
B. camera
C. microscope
D. magnifying lens
 Answer Key
Pre-test Jumpstart
1. A 6. C 11. B 1. C
2. D 7. A 12. C 2. B
3. D 8. C 13. D 3. D
4. B 9. D 14. B 4. F
5. A 10. B 15. B 5. A

Explore Activity 1
A.

Jumbled Letters Optical Instrument Function/ Uses

forms and records an image of
MARACE CAMERA
an object in a film
inserted in the body so that a
doctor can observe internal
DEPONOCSE ENDOSCOPE
passages such as a person’s
esophagus or intestine.
a pair of tubes with glass lenses
at either end that you look
RILUBANOC BINOCULAR
through to see things far away
more clearly
consists of a combination of
lenses for magnifying an object
IRPSOMOCEC MICROSCOPE
such as microorganisms several
hundred times
provide an image of an object
GIMYNFANIG
MAGNIFYING LENS that is bigger than that seen by
NELS
the naked eye
allows us to see distant objects
LEOSPETCE TELESCOPE
such as the moon and stars
an optical instrument that
enables a person looking
ESROPICPE PERISCOPE through the eyepiece at one end
can see objects reflected at the
other end

B.
1. telescope, microscope
2. telescope
3. camera
4. telescope, microscope
5. microscope
Activity 2
2.)
1. convex
2. objective
3. close
4. inverted
5. enlarged
6. real
7. eyepiece
8. inverted
9. real

4.) a. objective lens

b. within 1f of the eyepiece lens
c. eyepiece lens

Activity 3

Microscope Telescope

Objective Eyepiece Objective Eyepiece

Lens Lens Lens Lens
Kinds of Lenses
convex convex convex convex
used
first image first image
final image final image
Image formed by real real
virtual virtual
lenses inverted inverted
enlarged enlarged
enlarged reduced
short
Focal length of (longer than
short long short
lenses eyepiece
lens)

Guide Questions:
1. Both uses convex lens,
Both forms a virtual and enlarged final image
Both have short focal length in the eyepiece lens
2. The first image in the objective lens of a misroscope is real, inverted, and
enlarged while in the telescope is real, inverted, and reduced.
The objective lems in a microscope has short focal length while in a
telescope is long.

Deepen Gauge
1. The image of the object is 1. D 6. B 11. B
formed on the wax paper 2. A 7. A 12. B
2. The image observed on the 3. D 8. D 13. C
wax paper is smaller, inverted 4. D 9. C 14. C
and real. 5. D 10. B 15. C
References:

Learner’s Module, K-12 Grade 10 Science (Second Quarter, PHYSICS).

Science and Technology Textbook for Fourth Year, Revised Edition, 2004,
SEMP

Science and Technology for the Future IV, Philippine Copyright 2004, Diwa
Scholastic Press Inc.

Navaza, Delia C., Bienvenido J. Valdes. Physics. SIBS Publishing House, Inc, 2001

https://courses.lumenlearning.com/boundless-physics/chapter/other-optical-
instruments/

https://sciencing.com/concave-lens-uses-8117742.html

http://www.geekmcq.com/physics/optical-instruments/4

https://simulab.ltt.com.au/4/laboratory/personalstudy/PS-Microscope.htm

https://www.explainthatstuff.com/endoscopes.html