Important opamp configurations

Willy Sansen
KULeuven, ESAT-MICAS Leuven, Belgium
[email protected]
Willy Sansen
10-05

071

Table of contents

Simple CMOS OTA CMOS Miller OTA Symmetrical CMOS OTA Folded cascode OTA Other opamps

Willy Sansen

10-05

072

Simple CMOS OTA

M5

VDD

Differential pair Current mirror

M1

3 M2

vOUT

gm1 GBW = 2 CL
CL

Cn2

2 M3

1 M4

gm3 fnd = 2 Cn2 fnd fT3 4

VSS

?
10-05

Cn2= 2CGS3+CDB3+CDB1 4CGS3

Willy Sansen

073

Simple CMOS OTA : fnd

M5 Av

2x +
3 M2

M1

0o

2x

f f

vOUT
Cn2
2 M3 1 M4

-90o

fnd

2fnd fnd =

gm3 2 Cn2

PM =

90o

GBW GBW - arctan + arctan 85o 2 fnd fnd

Willy Sansen
10-05

074

Telescopic CMOS OTA

M9

M1 M5

M2 M6

More gain At low frequencies

vOUT
CL
M7 M3 M8 M4
Gulati, JSSC Dec.98, 2010-2019
Willy Sansen
10-05

GBW =

gm1 2 CL

075

Cascodes increase gain at low frequencies

Av 104 Cascodes : high gain at low frequencies

102

No cascodes GBW

1 GBW = gm1 2 CL
Willy Sansen
10-05

076

Table of contents

Simple CMOS OTA CMOS Miller OTA Symmetrical CMOS OTA Folded cascode OTA Other opamps

Willy Sansen

10-05

077

Miller CMOS OTA

M7 M5

VDD

Differential pair Current mirror Second stage

M1

3 M2

Cc

vOUT
CL

2 M3

1 M4

M6

gm1 GBW = 2 Cc 1 1+
10-05

VSS

gm6 fnd = 2 CL

Cn1 Cc
078

Willy Sansen

Miller BiCMOS OTA

M7

VDD
M5

gm6NPN > gm6NMOS

CL

M1

3 M2
M8

Cc

vOUT
Node 1: High impedance
M6

M9

2
M3

1 5
M4

Extra nodes 5, 6

VSS

fnd ?
Willy Sansen
10-05

079

Table of contents
Simple CMOS OTA CMOS Miller OTA Symmetrical CMOS OTA Folded cascode OTA Other opamps

Willy Sansen

10-05

0710

Symmetrical CMOS OTA

M7 1: M9 :1

VDD
M8 4

Differential pair 3 Current mirrors

M1 2

+
M2 1

vOUT
CL
Symmetrical : Node 1 = Node 2 Rail-to-rail output swing

M5 B:1

M3 M4 1:B

M6

VSS

B?
Willy Sansen
10-05

0711

Symmetrical CMOS OTA : GBW

VDD
M7 M9 1:1 5 M8 4

Av = gm1BRn4 = 2VEnL6 VGS1-VT 1 2 Rn4CL

M1 2

+
M2 1

vOUT

if L8 > L6

CL BW =

M5 B:1

M3 M4 1:B

M6

VSS

gm1 GBW = B 2 CL B?
Willy Sansen
10-05

0712

Symmetrical CMOS OTA : fnd1,2

VDD
M7 M9 1:1 5 M8 4

gm1 GBW = B 2 CL
Cn1= (1+B)CGS4+ CDB4+CDB2 (3+B)CGS4

M1

+
M2

vOUT

CL

Cn2
M5 B:1

Cn1
M6 1:B

M3 M4

VSS

gm4 fnd = 2 Cn1 fT4 3+B

Willy Sansen
10-05

0713

Pole at output of a differential pair

M9 M9

M1

+
M2

M1

+
M2

Cn + RL

vo

RL

+ 2Cn RL

vo

RL 2Cn

One single pole : fp =

1 2 2RLCn
Willy Sansen
10-05

0714

Symmetrical CMOS OTA : fnd5

VDD
M7 M9 1:1 5 M8 4

Cn5

M1 2

+
M2 1

vOUT

gm1 GBW = B 2 CL
CL Cn5 causes pole and zero at 2 x freq.: 3 6 o
Willy Sansen
10-05

M5 B:1

M3 M4 1:B

M6

VSS

0715

Symmetrical CMOS OTA : Design Example

M7 M9 1:1 5 M8 4

M1 2

+
M2 1 1:B

vOUT

CL = 2 pF

gm1 GBW = B 2 CL fT4 fnd 3+B

GBW = 200 MHz

M5 B:1 M3 M4

VGS-VT = 0.5 V; L = 1 m M6 fT4 = 5 GHz fnd = 0.6 GHz B5

Willy Sansen
10-05

0716

Symmetrical BiCMOS OTA

M7 M9 1:1 5 M8 4

M1 2

+
M2 1

vOUT
C

gm1 GBW = B 2 CL fT4 fnd 3+B

gm4NPN > gm4NMOS

M6 1:B

M5 B:1

M3 M4

CCS4NPN > CDB4NMOS BiCMOS > CMOS

Willy Sansen
10-05

0717

Symmetrical CMOS OTA with cascodes

VDD
M7 5 M9 M9 1:1 M8

gm1 GBW = B 2 CL GBW same but Av is 100* x higher !!! * gmro 100
Willy Sansen
10-05

+
M1 2

+
3

M10 4

+
M2

vOUT

M11 M5

CL

M12

1 1:B M6

M3 M4 B:1

VSS

0718

Symmetrical Miller CMOS OTA

M7 5 M9 7 2 M5 B:1 1 M6 1:B M11 M3 M4 1: M9 :1 M2 3

VDD
M8 4 M10 6 M12

M1

Cc

vOUT
CL

gm1 GBW = B 2 Cc

No zero !
Willy Sansen
10-05

VSS

0719

Bipolar transistor symmetrical amplifier

CA3080 0.12 MHz 1.2 V/s I3 = 10 A

Willy Sansen

10-05

0720

Gain enhancement by current starving

2I1

inp outn

M1

inn outn

K*I1 M2

1:B M3

A=

2 (1 k )(V GS V T ) 1 3

A0 1 k
Willy Sansen 0721

Yao, ..., JSSC Nov.04, 1809-1818

10-05

Table of contents

Simple CMOS OTA CMOS Miller OTA Symmetrical CMOS OTA Folded cascode OTA Other opamps

Willy Sansen

10-05

0722

Folded cascode CMOS OTA

M9 M1 M2 3 M5 7 M7 M6 6 M8 4

VDD
Differential pair Cascode pair 2 Current mirrors

+
5 M3

vOUT
CL

M4

Symmetrical
Node 1 = Node 2
M10 M11

VSS

High speed Input to rail

Willy Sansen 0723

10-05

Folded cascode CMOS OTA : DC

M9

VDD
50
M2

50

100
M1

DC current flow

+ +
M4

vOUT
50 50 100 100
M11

50 1 50

CL

VSS
Willy Sansen
10-05

0724

Folded cascode CMOS OTA :

M9 M1 M2 3 M5 7 M6 6 M8 4

VDD

Av = gm1Rn4

M7 5 M3

vOUT

1 BW = 2 Rn4CL

M4

CL

gm1 GBW = 2 CL
M10 M11

VSS

Single stage ?
Willy Sansen
10-05

0725

Folded cascode CMOS OTA :

M9 M1 M2 3 M5 7 M6 6 M8 4

VDD

gm1 GBW = 2 CL

M7 5 M3

M4

Cn1= CGS3+ vOUT CDB1+CDB10 3 CGS3 CL

M10

M11

VSS

gm3 fnd = 2 Cn1 fT3 Hi 3

Willy Sansen
10-05

0726

Folded cascode CMOS OTA :

M9 M1 M2 3 M5 7 M6 6 M8 4

VDD gm1 GBW = 2 CL vOUT

CL Cn5, Cn7 ,Cn6 Cause pole and zero at 2 x freq.: 5 10 o

M7 5 M3

M4

M10

M11

VSS

Ref Mallya, JSSC Dec 89, 1737-1740

Willy Sansen
10-05

0727

Folded cascode BiCMOS OTA

M9 M1 M2 3 M5 7 M6 6 M8 4

VDD gm1 GBW = 2 CL vOUT

CL

M7 5 M3

M4

fnd =

gm3 2 Cn1 fT3NPN 3

M10

M11

VSS

Higher !
Willy Sansen
10-05

0728

Folded cascode OTA: input to Vss rail

M9 M5 7 M7 5 M6 6 M8 4

VDD

M1

0.9 V
3

+
M2

vOUT
CL

VT = 0.7 V VGS1-VT = 0.2 V VGS10-VT = 0.5 V V+ = 1.5 V VGS3-VT = 0.2 V

M3 1

+ 0.7 V 2

M4

M10

M11

VSS = 0 Volt
Willy Sansen
10-05

0729

Folded cascode OTA with 2nd stage

M9 M5 7 M6 6 M8 4

VDD

+
M1 M2 3

M7 5

No zero !
M12

M3 1

+
2

M4

Cc

vOUT
CL

+
Ribner, JSSC Dec.84, 919-925

M13
M10 M11

VSS = 0 Volt
10-05

Willy Sansen

0730

Conventional folded cascode OTA

M9 M5 7 M6 6 M8 4

VDD

+
M1 M2 3

M7 5

vOUT
CL

M3 1

+
2

M4

M10

M11

VSS = 0 Volt
Willy Sansen
10-05

0731

Alternative folded cascode OTA

M9 M5 7 M7 M1 M2 3 5 M6 6 M8 4 M4 1 2

VDD
Current diff. amp.

M3

gm1vINd vOUT
CL

gm1vINd /2

M10

M11

VSS = 0 Volt
Willy Sansen
10-05

0732

Comparison amplifiers
ITOT
mA

dvin,eq2
8/3 kT df gm1

Swing

Volt. OTA (4 Ts) Symmetrical (B= 3) Telescopic Folded casc.

0.25 0.33 0.25 0.5

4 16 4 4 4

avg. max. small avg. max.

Fully differential
Willy Sansen
10-05

Miller 2-stage (CL/Cc= 2.5) 1.1

GBW = 100 MHz CL = 2 pF

VGS-VT = 0.2 V

0733

Table of contents

Simple CMOS OTA CMOS Miller OTA Symmetrical CMOS OTA Folded cascode OTA Other opamps

Willy Sansen

10-05

0734

Sub-1 Volt OTA

1 V 80 W (min: VT+2VDSsat) Fully differential 75 dB 30 MHz (0.1 pF) < 100 ns

Level shifting M6 4 Switches 2n : Only 2nd stage switched off !

Baschirotto, .. JSSC Dec.97,pp.1979-1986
Willy Sansen
10-05

0735

LM 4250

GBW = 0.25 MHz SR = 0.2 V/s I1 = 10 A ITOT = 90 A 38 nVRMS/Hz

Willy Sansen

10-05

0736

Increased input transconductance - 1

iout iout

vin RS

vin -RS

gmR =

gm 1 + gmRS

gmR =

gm 1 - gmRS
Willy Sansen
10-05

0737

Increased input transconductance - 2

iout
M1

iout
M1

vin
M2

vin

-vin

M2

gm1 gm = gm1 1+g m2

gm1 gm = gm1 1- g m2
Willy Sansen
10-05

0738

Increased input transconductance - 3

3:1 1:3

gm =

gm1 gm1 1gm3

gm 3 gm1
CL

GBW =
Ref.: Castello, JSSC June 1990, pp. 669-676

3 gm 2CL 9 gm1 2CL

M5,M6 for overdrive !

Willy Sansen

10-05

0739

Transconductor with C

DG compen.

VDS1 = RDID 0.2 V IDS1 = 1VDS1(VGS1-VT) gm1 = 1VDS1 is constant

Ref. Alini, JSSC, Dec.92, pp.1905-1915

Willy Sansen
10-05

0740

Ref. : Wu etal, JSSC Jan.1994, pp.63-66

14 MHz / 11pF gm1vin 5.6 MHz / 100pF 4 V/s 36 nV/ Hz 5V 0.4 mA

Willy Sansen
10-05

gm3vin

0741

Problem: unequal gmtot

gm gmtot
pMOST

gmn
VSS = 0
1.1 V

gmp
VDD /2

nMOST
VDD-1.1 V

nMOST on : VINCM > 1.1 V VINCM

VDD

pMOST on : VINCM < VDD - 1.1 V

Increase gm: gmn+ gmp= ct

Willy Sansen
10-05

0742

Wu : input rail-to-rail stage

20 5 20

VDD = 5V
10

20

5V VDD 2

20

10

VDD
20 1.5V 20 0

V+- high : pMOSTs off ! nMOSTs : IDS1 x 2 gm1 x 2

10 1.5V

10 5

0V

Weak inv.
10-05

Willy Sansen

0743

Wu : output stage : gain

Rin iin iin iin iin Rin iin vin Z iin vin Rin Rin vout

iin = gm1 v+vin iin vout

RL vin

= Rin

= 2gmA1RL

vout iin

= - 2RingmA1RL

Av = 2gm1RingmA1RL
Willy Sansen
10-05

0744

Wu : output quiescent current control

VGS2 + VGS4 = VGS9 + VGS10 M4 = 2 M10 & M9 = M10 VGS2 - VT =
4 A 4 A

IDS2 Kp W/L2 ) 91

IDS2 IDS9

W/L2 W/L9

(2 -

1 2

IDS2 364 A since IDS9 4 A

Willy Sansen
10-05

0745

Enhanced full-differential folded-cascode

i/2 i/2 i i/2

CL

i/2 i/2 i i/2+i/2

CL

i = gm1vin gm1 2CL

10-05

i/2

i/2 GBW =

Ref.Nakamura, JSSC April 1992, pp.563-568

Willy Sansen 0746

Bipolar opamp LM-124

GBW = 0.5 MHz SR = 0.4 V/s I1 = 3 A ITOT = 650 A 68 nVRMS/Hz

Willy Sansen
10-05

0747

BiFET opamp TL-070

S p n iDS p D n G

vP

vGS

GBW = 3 MHz SR = 13 V/s I1 = 100 A ITOT = 1400 A 18 nVRMS/Hz

Willy Sansen
10-05

0748

Bipolar 2-stage opamp 741

GBW = 0.8 MHz SR = 0.7 V/s I1 = 10 A ITOT = 1100 A 14 nVRMS/Hz

Willy Sansen 0749

10-05

Two-stage opamp OP-97

Vos
trim

0V

GBW = 0.8 MHz SR = 0.1 V/s ITOT = 600 A 25 V offset 30 pA input

Willy Sansen 0750

10-05

Bootstrap for high gain Av2

Rm -> x 3
M1

Rout -> x
Rm
M2 M3

1 3

Av2 gm1 ro2 x 3 Same GBW !

Ref.De Man JSSC June 77, pp.217-222
Willy Sansen
10-05

Rout

0751

Table of contents
Simple CMOS OTA CMOS Miller OTA Symmetrical CMOS OTA Folded cascode OTA Other opamps

Willy Sansen

10-05

0752