Answer key

Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK

Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

Section A
Each question carries 1 mark :
1. Why the m.pts of transition elements are high?
The high melting points of transition elements are attributed to the involvement of greater number of electrons from
(n-1)d in addition to the ns electrons in the inter atomic metallic bonding. These unpaired electrons involve in more
metal-metal bonding
2. Why Zn,Cd and Hg are not regarded as transition elements?
The electronic configurations of Zn,Cd and Hg are represented by the general formula (n- 1)d 10ns2. The d-orbital in
these elements are completely filled in the ground state as well as in their common oxidation states; therefore, they
are not regarded as transition elements.
3. What is meant by ‘lanthanide contraction’?
The decrease in atomic and ionic size of the lanthanides with increase in their atomic number due to poor shielding
of 4f electrons present in the antipenultimate shell is known as Lanthanide Contraction.
4. Which of the 3d series of the transition metals exhibits the largest number of oxidation states and why?

Manganese exhibit the maximum oxidation states as they have maximum no. of unpaired electrons.
5. Out of bromine and oxygen, with which will chromium exhibit highest oxidation states.
With oxygen as there is more electronegative difference also The ability of oxygen to form multiple bonds to metals
explains its superiority.
6. Write any two uses of pyrophoric alloys.
Used in phosphor screens in tv and similar fluorescing surfaces.
Each question carries 2 marks :
7. Write complete chemical equations for :
(i) Oxidation of Fe2+ by Cr2O72- in acid medium.
(ii) Oxidation of S2O32- by MnO4- in neutral aqueous medium.
(i) Acidified potassium dichromate will oxidise iron(II) salts to iron(III).
Cr2O72– + 14 H+ + 6 Fe2+ → 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3+ + 7 H2O
(ii) Thiosulphate is oxidised almost quantitatively to sulphate:
8MnO4– + 3S2O32– + H2O ——> 8MnO2 + 6SO42– + 2OH–
8. Write complete chemical equations for :
(i) Oxidation of I– by MnO4- in neutral aqueous medium.
(ii) Oxidation of SO32- by MnO4- in acidic medium
(i)2MnO4- +H2O +I- →2MnO2+ 2OH- +IO3-
(ii) 5SO32- + 2MnO4 -+ 6H+ →2Mn2+ 3H2O + 5 SO42-
9. Why are Ni2+ compounds thermodynamically more stable than Pt2+ compounds, whilst Pt4+ compounds are relatively
more stable than Ni4+ compounds?
The sum of the first two ionization energizes of Ni2+ is lower than the sum of first two ionization energies of
Pt2+,therefore Ni compounds are most stable than Pt2+ . On the other hand sum of the first four ionization energies of
Pt4+ is lower than the sum of the first four ionization energies of Ni4+, therefore Pt4+ compounds are more stable
than Ni4+.
10 Give reason
(i) Zn is soft whereas Cr is hard.
(ii) Eu2+ is good reducing agent
(i) Cr has half filled d orbital so it can form metallic bonding and hence is hard while Zn has completely
filled d orbital and it cannot form metallic bonding hence Zn is soft metal
(ii) Eu2+ is formed by losing the two s electrons and its f 7 configuration accounts for the formation of this
ion. However, Eu2+ is a strong reducing agent changing to the common +3 state.
Each question carries 3 marks :
11. (a) Describe the commercial preparation of potassium permanganate from pyrolusite ore.
(b) Write ionic equation to represent the reaction of acidified KMnO 4 solution with oxalic acid.
(a)KMnO4 is prepared by fusion of MnO2 with potassium hydroxide and an oxidizing agent like KNO3 to form
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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

potassium permagnate which disproportionate in a neutral or acidic solution to form permanganate.

3K2MnO4 + 4HCl → 2KMnO4 + MnO2 + 2H2O
3K2MnO4 +2H2SO4→ 2K2SO4 +MnO2 + 2KMnO4

(b) 2MnO4- + 16H+ +2C2O42- → 2Mn2+ +8H2O +10CO2

12. What are interstitial compounds? Explain them with reference to transition metals and mention their two important
properties.
Interstitial compounds are the compounds in which small atoms such as hydrogen, carbon, boron and nitrogen
occupy empty spaces or voids .
They have high melting points which are higher than those of the pure metals.
They show conductivity like that of the pure metal.
13. (i)What is the basic difference between the electronic configurations of the transition and inner transition elements?
(ii) Name the element showing maximum number of oxidation states among the first series of transition metals.
(iii)Name the element which shows only +3 oxidation state.

(i)The general outer electronic configuration of transition elements is(n-1)d 1-10 ns1-2 . The General
outer configuration of inner transition elements is 4f1-145d 0-1 6s2 or 5f1-14 6d0-1 7s2.
(ii)the element showing maximum number of oxidation states among the first series of transition metals is Mn.
(iii)Scandium
14. Why do transition elements show variable oxidation states?
The variability of oxidation states, a characteristic of transition elements, arises out of incomplete filling of d
orbitals and similar energy of 3s and 3d orbitals.

Section B
Each question carries 1 mark :
15. I.E1 of the 5d- elements is higher than those of the 3d- and 4d- elements. Why?
Ionization enthalpy of 5d is greater than 3d and 4d due to lanthanide contraction which is the ineffective
shielding of nuclear force by 4f electrons.
16. Why the I.E3 of Mn is is unexpectedly high?
The electronic configuration of Mn is 3d 5 4s2 and that of Mn2+is 3d5 .Half filled orbital’s are relatively more stable.
The 3rd Ionization Enthalpy of Mn is very high as it becomes difficult removing an electron from a stable subshell.
17. All scandium salts are white. Why?
Colored compounds are formed when an electron from the valence subshell jumps from lower energy level to
higher energy level. The 3d orbital in outer most in Scandium and has one valence electrons in salts it exhibits an
oxidation state of +3 where there are no unpaired electrons. Hence, it forms white compounds.
18. The metallic radii of the third (5d) series of transition elements are virtually the same as those of the corresponding
members of the second series.
This is due to the intervention of the 4f orbitals which are filled before the 5d series of electrons begins. The filling
of 4f before 5d orbitals accounts for the regular decrease in atomic radius due to poor shielding effect. This is
called Lanthanoid contraction.
19. Zr and Hf exhibit similar properties. Give Reasons.
Due to Lanthanoid contraction Hf has a size similar to Zr, hence have similar properties.
Each question carries 2 marks :
20. Complete the following chemical reaction equations:
(i) MnO4- (aq) + C2O42- (aq) +H+ (aq)→?
(ii) Cr2O72-(aq) + Fe2+(aq) + H+(aq) →?
(i)5C2O42– + 2MnO4– + 16H+ ——> 2Mn2+ + 8H2O + 10CO2

(ii) Cr2O72– + 14 H+ + 6 Fe2+ → 2 Cr3+ + 6 Fe3+ + 7 H2O

21. The outer electronic configuration of atoms of two members of lanthanoid series are given below:
(i)4f1 5d1 6s2 (ii) 4f7 5d0 6s2

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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

Find their atomic numbers.

.
(i)Atomic number 58
(ii) Atomic number 63
22. Explain the following:
(i) Eo for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is more positive than that for Fe3+/Fe2+.
(ii) Ce3+ can be easily oxidized to Ce4+.(At No. Ce = 58)
(i) Mn is more stable in +2 due to stable half filled configuration, while Fe 2+ is stable only after losing 1 electron it
achieves the stable half filled configuration.
(ii) The formation of CeIV is favoured by its noble gas configuration,[Xe] 4f05d06s0
23. Account for the following:
(i)The enthalpies of atomization of transition metals are high.
(ii) The transition metals and their compounds are found to be good catalysts in many processes.
(i)Because of large number of unpaired electrons in their atoms they have stronger interatomic interaction and hence
stronger bonding between atoms resulting in higher enthalpies of atomization.
(ii)The Catalytic activity of d block elements is ascribed to their ability to adopt multiple oxidation states and to
form complexes. They also provide large surface area.
24. Why is the +2 oxidation state of manganese quite stable, while the same is not true for iron?
Mn has a stable half-filled configuration [Ar]3d5 in +2 oxidation state whereas iron has [Ar]3d6 configuration in +2
oxidation state and would easily lose one more electron to achieve stable half filled configuration.
25. State reasons for the following:
Cu(I) ion is not stable in an aqueous solution.
Cu+ in aqueous solution undergoes disproportionation, i.e.,
2Cu+(aq) → Cu2+(aq) + Cu(s)
The E0 value for this is favourable. The stability of Cu2+ (aq) rather than Cu+(aq) is due to the much more
negative ΔhydHɵ of Cu2+ (aq) than Cu+, which more than compensates for the second ionisation enthalpy of Cu.
26. How would your account for the following :
(i) Cr2+ is reducing in nature while with the same d-orbital configuration (d4) Mn3+ is an
Oxidizing agent.
(ii) In a transition series of metals, the metal which exhibits the greatest number of oxidation states occurs in the
middle of the series.
(i)Cr2+ is reducing as its configuration changes from d4 to d3, the latter having a half-filled t2g level. On the other
hand, while the change from Mn2+ to Mn3+ results in the half-filled (d5) configuration which has extra stability.
(ii) The maximum oxidation states of reasonable stability correspond to maximum number of unpaired electrons
(i.e. the sum of the s and d electrons) (upto manganese in 3d).
27. Decide giving reason which one of the following pair has the property indicated:
(i)Fe or Cu has higher melting point.
(ii)Co2+ or Ni2+ has lower magnetic moment.
(i) (i)Fe has higher melting point tan Cu due to high enthalpy of atomization due to more number of unpaired electrons.

(ii)Ni2+ has 3d84s0 and Co has has 3d74s0 .Hence Ni2+ will have lower magnetic moment due to lesser number of
unpaired electrons.
28. Among ionic species, Sc3+, Eu2+ and Ce4+ which one is a good oxidising agent? Explain.
Ce4+ = [Xe] 4fo 5do 6so
2+
Eu = [Xe] 4f7 5do 6so
In all the above ions the most stable oxidation state is +3.Ce 4+ has the tendency to accept one electron to get the +3
oxidation state, hence Ce4+ is a good oxidizing agent. Eu2+ has a tendncy to lose one electron to get +3 oxidation
state, thus it would be a reducing agent.
Each question carries 3 marks :
29. Account for the following situations?
(i)Of the 3d4 species, Cr2+ is strongly reducing while manganese (III) is strongly oxidizing.
(ii)The transition metals are generally form coloured compounds.
((iii)There is greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than among the lanthanoids.

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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

(i)Cr3+ has 3d3 configuration and Mn2+ has 3d5 configuration more stable. As d3 (t2g3)is more stable than d5 due to
crystal field splitting energy, Cr2+ is strongly reducing.

(ii)T(ii) Transition elements have partially filled d orbitals. When electrons jump from one orbital to another light is
emitted due to which the compounds of transition elements seem to be colored compounds.

(iii)There is greater range of oxidation states among the actinoids than among the lanthanoid due to the fact that 5f,
6d, 7s levels are of comparable energies, larger size lower ionization enthalpy of actinoids.
30. Account for the following:
(i)ThaEo value for the Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is much more positive than that for Cr3+/Cr2+ couple or Fe3+/Fe2+ couple.
(ii) The highest oxidation state of a metal is exhibited in its oxide or fluoride.
(i) Much larger third ionization energy of Mn(where the required change is d4 to d5is mainly
responsible for this. This also explains why the +3 state of the Mn is of little importance.
(ii) Because of small size and high electronegativity oxygen or fluorine can oxidize the metal to its highest
oxidation state.
31. Describe the oxidizing action of potassium dichromate in acid medium and write the ionic equations for its reaction
with:i) Iodide (ii) Nitrite and (iii) H2S .
Cr2O72+14H++6e-→ 2 Cr3++7H2O.
(Cr2O72- gains 6e-s in the presence of dilute H2SO4, which indicates the oxidizing action. )
Cr2O72-+8H+3NO2-→ 2Cr3++3NO3- +4H2O
Cr2O27- + 14H+3H2S →64++3S+2Cr3++7H2O
Cr2O72-+14H++6I-→ 3I2+2Cr3++7H2O

32. How would you account for the following:

(i) the oxidizing power of oxoanions are in the order
VO2 +< Cr2O72-< MnO4- ?
(ii)The third ionization enthalpy of manganese (Z= 25) is exceptionally high.
(iii) Cr+2 is a stronger reducing agent than Fe2+
(i) This is due to the increasing stability of the species with lower oxidation state of the metal atom to which they
are reduced.
VO2+ VO2+, V(V)  V (IV)
Cr2O7  Cr3+, Cr (VI)  Cr (III)
2-

MnO4- M2+, Mn (VII) – M(II)

(ii) The third ionization enthalpy of Mn is very high because the electron has to be removed from the stable half
filled 3d orbitals. [. . . Mn (Z=25) = 3d54s0 ]

(iii)Cr2+ is stronger reducing agent than Fe2+ because EoCr3+ / Cr2+ is negative where Eο Fe 3+ / Fe2+ is positive thus
Cr2+ is easily oxidized to Cr3+ due to stable t2g3 but Fe cannot be easily oxidized to Fe3+. So, Cr2+ is a strong
reducing agent than Fe2+.

33. Give reasons for the following:

(i) Cu+ ion is not stable in aqueous solution .
(ii) Mn (II) ion shows maximum paramagnetic character amongst the bivalent ions of first transition series.
(iii) Scandium (Z= 21) salts are white.

(i)Since Cu+ in aqueous solution undergoes disproportionation as below.

2Cu+ (aq) Cu2++ Cu(s)

The Eo value for this is favorable for this.
(ii)Mn(II) has the larger number of unpaired electrons.
(iii) Since scandium has no unpaired electron in +3 oxidation state.and does not exhibit variable oxidation states.

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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

Hence scandium salts are white.

34. Describe the reactions involved in the preparation of K2Cr2O7 from chromite ore.

Dichromates are generally prepared from chromate, which in turn are obtained by the fusion of chromite ore
(FeCr2O4) with sodium or potassium carbonate in free access of air. The reaction with sodium carbonate occurs as
follows:
4 FeCr2O4 + 8 Na2CO3 + 7 O2 → 8 Na2CrO4 + 2 Fe2O3 + 8 CO2
The yellow solution of sodium chromate is filtered and acidifiedwith sulphuric acid to give a solution from which
orange sodiumdichromate, Na2Cr2O7. 2H2O can be crystallised.
2Na2CrO4 + 2 H+ → Na2Cr2O7 + 2 Na+ + H2O

Sodium dichromate is more soluble than potassium dichromate.

The latter is therefore, prepared by treating the solution of sodium

dichromate with potassium chloride.

Na2Cr2O7 +2KCl K2Cr2O7+2NaCl

35. What are transition elements? How are you account for the following:
(i)The ionic sizes of Zr4+ and Hf4+ are nearly same.
(ii)KMnO4 is a stronger oxidizing agent in an acidic medium than in an alkaline medium.
(iii)Mn exhibits the largest number of oxidation states.
(iv)Only transition elements are known to form carbonyls compounds.
Transition elements are the ones in which the electrons are filled in d orbitals and have them incompletely filled d
orbitals.
(i) The ionic sizes of Zr4+ and Hf 4+ are nearly same due to lanthanide contraction.
(ii)KMno4 is a stronger oxidizing agent in an acidic medium than in alkaline medium because oxidation State of
‘Mn’ changes from +7 to +2 in acidic medium and +7 to +4 oxidation state in basic medium

In acidic medium

MnO4- + 84+ + 5e- Mn2+ +4H2O

In basic Medium

MnO4- + 2H2O +3e- MnO2 + 4OH-

(iii) Mn25- [Ar] 3d54s2

All e-1s present in d and s orbitals can take part in bonding thus it shown maximum oxidation state of +7 in 1 st
transition series.

(iv) Because of the presence of vacant d-orbital in transition metals they can show synergic bonding which helps in
formation metal carbonyl compounds.
36. Give reasons for the following:
(i)Mn3+ is a good oxidizing agent .
(ii)Eo M2+ /M values are not regular for first row transition metals(3d series).
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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

(iii)Although ‘F’ is more electronegative than ‘O’, the highest Mn fluoride is MnF4,whereas the highest oxide is
Mn2O7. OR
Mn shows highest oxidation state of +7 with oxygen but with fluorine it shows the highest oxidation state of +4.

(i)It gets itself reduced to a more stable half filled (3d5) state of +2.
(ii) The E o(M2+/M) values are not regular which can be explained from the irregular variation of ionisation
enthalpies and also the enthalpies of atomization which are relatively much less for manganese and vanadium.

(iii)Oxygen has the tendency to form multiple bonds whereas fluorine does not form so.

37. Complete the following equations :

(i)2 CrO42- + 2 H+ →?
(ii)KMnO4 on heating?
(i) 2 CrO42-. + 2H+ → Cr2O72- + H2O
Yellow orange
(ii) 2KMnO4(on heating) → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Section C
Each question carries 1 marks :
38. This is because of relatively poor shielding by 5f electrons in actinoids in comparison with shielding of 4f electrons
in lanthanoids.
39. On what ground can you say that scandium (Z = 21) is a transition element but zinc (Z = 30) is not?
On the basis of incompletely filled 3d orbitals in case of scandium atom in its ground state (3d1), it is regarded as a
transition element. On the other hand, zinc atom has completely filled d orbitals (3d10) in its ground state as well as
in its oxidised state, hence it is not regarded as a transition element.
40. Silver atom has completely filled d orbitals (4 d 10) in its ground state. How can you say that it is a transition
element?
Ag has a completely filled 4dorbital (4d105s1) in its ground state. Now, silver displays two oxidation states (+1 and
+2). In the +1 oxidation state, an electron is removed from the s-orboital. However, in the +2 oxidation state, an
electron is removed from thed-orbital. Thus, thed-orbital now becomes incomplete (4d9). Hence, it is a transition
element.
41. In the titration of FeSO4 with KMnO4 in the acidic medium, why is dil H2SO4 used instead of dilHCl ?
KMnO4 will oxidize Cl- to Cl2 .
Each question carries 2 marks :
Account for the following:
42. (i) There are irregularities in the electronic configurations of actinoids.
(ii) the transition metals generally form coloured compounds.
(i) The irregularities in the electronic configurations of the actinoids, like those in the lanthanoids are related to the
stabilities of the f0, f 7 and f 14 occupancies of the 5forbitals.
(ii)The transition elements have a large number of unpaired electrons which undergo d-d transition and impart
colour in the visible region.
43. Explain giving reasons:
(i) Transitional metals and their compounds generally exhibit a paramagnetic behavior.
(ii) The chemistry of actinoids is not so smooth as that of lanthanoids
(iii) Iron has higher enthalpy of atomization than copper.
(i)Paramagnetism arises from the presence of unpaired electrons. There are a number of unpaired d electrons which
gives its magnetic property.
(ii) There is a greater range of oxidation states, which is attributed to the fact that the 5f, 6d and 7s levels are of
comparable energies also they are radioactive with very small half-lives which makes there study extremely
difficult.

(iii)Iron has higher enthalpy of atomization as iron contains more number of unpaired electrons 3d 64s2 than copper
3d104s1 as a result showing stronger metallic bond formation due to greater participation of electrons from the d-
orbital.
44. Among the ions Co2+,Sc3+ and Cr3+ which ones will give coloured aq. solution and how will each of them respond to

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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

a magnetic field and why?

-- Co2+ blue pink, Cr3+ -- Violet, ( due to presence of unpaired electrons)
Sc3+ (empty d-orbital) -- Colourless,
3+
Sc solution will be diamagnetic in presence of magnetic field due to the absence of unpaired electrons.
. μ= Co2+ and Cr 3+ will get attracted by magnet field due to presence of unpaired electron and not Sc 3+
45. Explain with reaction
When pyrolusite ore MnO2 is fused with KOH in presence of air, a green coloured compound (A) is obtained which
undergoes disproportionation reaction in acidic medium to give a purple coloured compound (B):
(i) Write the formulae of the compounds (A) and (B).
What (ii) What happens when compound (B) is heated?
(i) When pyrolusite is fused KOH in presence of air a green coloured compound (A)
2MnO2 +KOH+O2 2K2MnO4+2H2O

Thus A – K2MnO4, B-KMnO4

(ii) 2KMnO4 → K2MnO4 + MnO2 + O2
Each question carries 3 marks :
46. A black brown coloured solid (A) when fused with alkali metal hydroxides in presence of air , produces a
dark green coloured compound (B) which on electrolytic oxidation in alkaline medium gives a dark purple
coloured compound C . Identify (A), (B) and (C) and write the reactions involved.
KMnO4 is prepared by fusion of MnO2 with potassium hydroxide and an oxidizing agent like KNO3 to form
potassium mangante which disproportionate in a neutral or acidic solution to form permanganate
2MnO2 +KOH+O2 2K2MnO4+2H2O
A B
K2MnO4  2K+MnO42-
2-
MnO4  MnO4- +e-
_ +
MnO4 + K  KMnO4
C
47. Give reasons for the following:
(i) There is greater range of oxidation states among the actinides than among the lanthanides.
(ii) Though a transition element, Scandium (Z=21) does not exhibit variable oxidation states.
(iii) The colour of K2Cr2O7 solution changes with the change in pH of the solution. Explain how?
(i)There is greater range of oxidation state among the actinides than among the lanthanides due to the fact
that 5f, 6d 7s levels are of comparable energies.
(ii)Scandium has only 1 electron in its d- orbital and so does not show any variable oxidation states.
(iii)At lower pH, the color of the solution is orange due to the presence of dichromate ions (Cr 2O72-) But in
alkaline pH the color of the solution changes to yellow due to the conversion of dichromate to chromate
ions

Alkali
Cr2O72- + H2O  2 CrO4- +2H+
(Orange) Acid (Yellow)

48. A green chromium compound (A) on fusion with alkali gives a yellow compound (B) which on
acidification gives an orange coloured compound (C). (C) on treatment with NH 4Cl gives an orange
coloured product (D),which on heating decomposes to give back compound (A). Identify (A), (B),(C) and
(D).Write down structure of (C) also.
i)Cr2O3+ 2NaOH → Na2 CrO4 +H2O

Chromium (III) Oxide (A) Yellow(B)

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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

ii) 2Na2CrO4+H2SO4 → Na2Cr2O7 +Na2So4 + H2

(B) (C)

iii) Na2Cr2O7 + 2NH4Cl → (NH4)2 Cr2O7 + 2 NaCl

OrangeD

Structure of C

49. Pyrolusite on heating with KOH in the presence of air gives a dark green coloured compound (A). The
solution of (A) on treatment with H2SO4 gives a purple coloured compound (B), which gives following
reactions:

(i)KI on reaction with alkaline solution of (B) changes into a compound (C).
(ii)The colour of the compound (B) disappears on treatment with the acidic solution of FeSO 4.
(iii)With conc. H2SO4 compound (B) gives (D) which can decompose to yield (E) and oxygen.
Identify (A) to (E) and write balanced chemical equations for the formation of (A) and (B) and for the steps
(i) to (iii).

2 MnO2 + 4 KOH + O2 → 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O

Pyrolusite (A) Green
3K2MnO4 +2H2SO4 → 2K2SO4 +MnO2 + 2KMnO4
(B) (Purple)
i) 2KMno4 + H2O + KI → 2MnO2 + 2KIO3 + 2KOH
(C)
ii) 2KMnO4 +8 H2SO4 +10 FeSO4 → K2SO4 + MnSO4 + 5 Fe+3+8H2O
iii) 2KMnO4 + 2H2SO4 → Mn2O7 + 2KHSO4 + H2O
(D)
2 Mn2O7 → 4 MnO2 (E ) +3 O2

50. Following are the transition metal ions of the 3d series: Ti4+, V2+, Mn3+, Cr3+
(Atomic numbers : Ti=22, V=23, Mn=25, Cr=26)
Answer the following questions:
Which ion is most stable in aqueous solution and why?
A Cr3+ due to its half filled state.(t2g)
Which ion is a strong oxidizing agent and why?
A Mn3+ to Mn2+ results in a half filled d5 configuration which has extra stability.
Which ion is colorless and why?
A Ti4+ has no unpaired electrons
51. Complete the following reactions-
A 2MnO4-+16H++5S2- 2Mn2+ +5S+8H2O
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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

A 2KMnO4(heat)K2MnO4+MnO2+O2

52. The elements of the 3d transition series are given below:

Sc Ti V Cr Mn Fe Co Ni Cu Zn
Write the element which is not regarded as a transition element. Give reason.

A Zinc is not a transition element as it does not have an incompletely filled d sub-shell
either in its ground state or any of its oxidation states.
Which element has the highest melting point?
A Cr has the highest melting point as it has the highest number of unpaired electrons.
Which elements show a oxidation state of +1
A Cu
Which element is a strong oxidizing agent in +3 oxidation state and why?
A Mn in +3 oxidation state.

53. Write the chemical equations for the preparation of KMnO4 from MnO2. Why does purple colour
of acidified permanganate solution decolourise when it oxidizes Fe 2+ to Fe3+?
A 2MnO2 + 4KOH + O2 → 2K2MnO4 + 2H2O
3MnO4 2– + 4H+ → 2MnO4 – + MnO2 + 2H2O

-
Due to the formation of Mn2+ ion from MnO4
54. Write one difference between transition elements and p-block elements with reference to
variability of oxidation states.
A Transition elements show variable oxidation states that differ by 1 unit whereas p-block elements
it differs by 2 units
Heavier transition elements are stable in higher oxidation state whereas p-block elements are
stable in lower oxidation state.
55. Name an element of lanthanoid series which is well known to shown +4 oxidation state. Is it a
strong oxidizing agent or reducing agent?
A Cerium / Terbium – oxidizing agent
56. Account for the following: (2023)
The E0Mn2+/Mn value for manganese is highly negative whereas E0Mn3+/Mn2+ is highly positive?
A Because Mn3+ has the outer electronic configuration of 3d4 and Mn2+ has the outer
electronic configuration of 3d5. Thus, the conversion of Mn3+ to Mn2+ will be a
favourable reaction since 3d5 is a very stable configuration as it is half filled
configuration.
Hence, E0 value for Mn3+/Mn2+ couple is positive.
57. Identify the Transition metal of 3d series that acts as a strong reducing agent in +2 oxidation
state in aqueoussolution.
Cr, Fe
58. What is Misch metal? Write its one use.
A. An alolloy of lanthanoi(95% Lanthanoid + Fe) is Misch metal. It is used in bullets,flints
etc.

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 Answer key
Class: 12 Worksheet Number: 12/Chem/08/AK
Subject: Chemistry Chapter: 04 – d and f block elements

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