ECED 216: NUMERACY DEVELOPMENT
L1:
MATH is measuring, sorting, building, noticing patterns, making comparisons, and describing the
environment, still counting and knowing the names of shapes.
NUMERACY is the ability to recognize and apply math concepts in all areas of life.
L2: COUNTING AND CARDINALITY
COUNTING- is understanding how many things there are in a group.
CARDINALITY- is using the final number in a sequence when counting a group of things as the
absolute number of those group of things.
MEANINGFUL COUNTING is developing learning around ordering and sequencing numerically.
COUNTING SKILLS
1. Saying Number Words in Sequence- 9/ 10 or 19/20
2. Tagging Things with Number Words
3. Using the Last Number in a Group or Sequence as the number for the Amount- known as
cardinal number
4. Subitizing- Small Quantities of Things are in a Group Without Counting Individually
5. Numeral Recognition
6. Number Conservation- sequence of objects or things is reordered or rearranged, the number of
that group still hasn’t changed.
Strategies to Help Development of Counting and Cardinality
Number Word and Object Correspondence:
The “Keeping Track” Strategy
Discuss the Cardinal Number
Ask Students for a Goal Number of Objects
Common Counting Errors:
1. Sequence Errors
2. Coordination Errors
3. Skimming
4. No Cardinal Rule
MATH MANIPULATIVES are objects, charts, and activities that engage learners while helping them
develop their math skills.
- common manipulatives are blocks of all kinds, whiteboards, and interesting online materials
10 Math Manipulatives To Implement In Your Classroom:
1. Dominoes
2. Pattern blocks
3. Online math games
4. Cuisenaire rods
5. Two color counters
6. Fraction tiles & fraction circles
7. Rekenreks counting frames
8. Bear counters
9. Place value blocks or base ten blocks
10. Geoboards
3 Key Benefits Of Using Math Manipulatives In The Classroom
1. Increase Interactive Learning
2. Develop Problem-Solving Skills
3. Build Confidence In Each Math Lesson
L3: DEVELOPING NUMBER SENSE
NUMBER SENSE is the development of a deep understanding of numbers and the number system, to
compose and decompose numbers and understand their various relationships. (fluidity and flexibility
with numbers.)
A child who has good number sense skills understands:
● each number is represented by its own symbol and quantity
● how to solve real world mathematical problems
● the relationship between numbers, such as how 20 and 140 are related
● how numbers can be composed and decomposed (put together and taken apart)
● how the basic +, -, x, and ÷ operations work and when to use each one
5 Ways To Represent Numbers That Our Students Must Know
1. STANDARD FORM
2. WORD FORM
3. PLACE VALUE CHART
4. EXPANDED FORM
5. PICTORIAL OR OBJECT REPRESENTATION
COUNTING PRINCIPLES AND STRATEGIES
(Gelman and Galistel, 1978)
1. Stable Order:
2. One-to-One Correspondence:
3. Cardinality:
4. Abstraction:
5. Order Irrelevance
L4: UNDERSTANDING BASIC OPERATIONS
ADDITION means summing up two or more numbers or values to get another number.
SUBTRACTION means reducing a value from another value to get the required value.
4 major operations in mathematics are:
1. Addition
2. Subtraction
3. Multiplication
4. Division
RULES
Positive + Positive= Positive 3 + 4= 7
Negative + Negative= Negative -3 + (-4)= -7
P + N = ( subract and use the sign of greater number) 3 + (-4) = -1
P - N = (add and signs is positive) 3 - (-4) = 7
N - P = (add and sign is negative) (-3) - 4 = -7
Basic arithmetic properties for real numbers are:
1. Commutative property- applicable only for two arithmetic operations (addition & multiplication)
2. Associative property- if we change the grouping of numbers, the result does not change.
(addition & multiplication)
3. Distributive property- A, B and C are any three real numbers.
Ex.:
2 x (3 + 4) = (2 x 3) + (2 x 4)
2x7=6+8
14 = 14
Addition Activities for Kids:
1. Addition Card Game
2. Use Addition Flashcards
3. Play Adding Jenga
4. Ladybug Addition Activity
5. Use Beads and Cards for Adding
6. Make a Coat Hanger and Clothespins Addition Machine
7. Create a Shoe Box Addition Machine
8. Put Together Polygon Puzzles — Addition Style
9. Play Addition Catch
10. Throw snowballs inside or out
11. Fish for number
12. Create a life-size number line
Subtraction Activities for Kids:
1. Start with an anchor chart
2. Count with bears
3. Smash some Play-Doh
4. Whack-a-ball to subtract
5. Visualize the problem
6. Grab a Hula-Hoop
7. Build a wrecking ball
8. Slide beads on pipe cleaners
9. Ask “How many am I hiding?”
10. Roll and Race
L5: PROBLEM-SOLVING STRATEGIES
PROBLEM is any task or activity for which the students have no prescribed or memorized rules or
methods, nor is there a perception by students that there is a specific ‘correct’ solution method.
PROBLEM SOLVING refers to mathematical tasks that have the potential to provide intellectual
challenges for enhancing students’ mathematical understanding and development. (NCTM)
3 Ways To Solve Problems:
1. Teaching for problem solving
2. Teaching about problem solving
Problem Solving Method:
1) Read the problem,
2) Devise a plan,
3) Solve the problem, and
4) Check your work.
3. Teaching through problem solving
Lappan and Phillips (1998)- PROBLEM CRITERIA
Principles For Teaching Problem Solving:
1. Model a useful problem-solving method.
2. Teach within a specific context.
3. Help students understand the problem.
4. Take enough time.
5. Ask questions and make suggestions.
6. Link errors to misconceptions.
WOODS’ PROBLEM-SOLVING MODEL:
1. DEFINE THE PROBLEM
System
Known(s) and concepts.
Unknown
Units and symbols
Constraints
Criteria for success.
2. THINK ABOUT IT
Let it simmer- mental image of prob
Identify specific pieces of knowledge
Collect information
3. PLAN A SOLUTION
Consider possible strategies.
Choose best strategy
4. CARRY OUT THE PLAN
Be patient and persistent
5. LOOK BACK
Reflect
5 Ways to Keep Math Problem Solving Practice Fun & Engaging for Students:
1. Make a game out of it! Make word problem activities interactive.
Math Problem Solving Task Card Scavenger Hunt
Word Problem Escape Challenge
2. Use unique manipulatives to help students visualize the story problem.
3. Bring on the drama! Role-play math word problems.
4. Utilize cooperative learning strategies during word problem activities.
5. Make word problems relevant to real-life.
