A510a510m-18 1.03
A510a510m-18 1.03
for the
Development of International Standards, Guides and Recommendations issued by the World Trade Organization Technical Barriers to Trade (TBT) Committee.
Designation: A510/A510M − 18
1
A510/A510M − 18
TABLE 1 Steel Wire GaugeA TABLE 2 Sizes of Wire RodsA
SI Units SI Units
Diameter, mm Diameter, mm
0.90 6.0 5.5 12.5
1.00 6.5 6 13
1.10 7.0 6.5 13.5
1.20 7.5 7 14
1.30 8.0 7.5 14.5
1.40 8.5 8 15
1.60 9.0 8.5 15.5
1.80 9.5 9 16
2.0 10.0 9.5 16.5
2.1 11.0 10 17
2.2 12.0 10.5 17.5
2.4 13.0 11 18
2.5 14.0 11.5 18.5
2.6 15.0 12 19
2.8 16.0 Inch-Pound Units
3.0 17.0 Decimal Decimal
3.2 18.0 Inch Fraction Inch Fraction
Equivalent, in. Equivalent, in.
3.5 19.0 ⁄
7 32 0.219 31⁄64 0.484
3.8 20.0 15 64⁄ 0.234 1⁄ 2 0.500
4.0 21.0 ⁄
14 0.250 33⁄64 0.516
4.2 22.0
4.5 23.0 17 64⁄ 0.266 17 32⁄ 0.531
4.8 24.0 ⁄
9 32 0.281 35 64⁄ 0.547
5.0 25.0 19 64⁄ 0.297 ⁄
9 16 0.562
5.5 –
Inch-Pound Units ⁄
5 16 0.312 ⁄
37 64 0.578
Decimal Decimal ⁄
21 64 0.328 ⁄
19 32 0.594
Gauge No. Gauge No.
Equivalent, in. Equivalent, in. 11⁄32 0.344 39⁄64 0.609
7 ⁄0 0.490 9 0.148*
6 ⁄0 0.462* 91⁄2 0.142 23 64⁄ 0.359 ⁄
58 0.625
5 ⁄0 0.430* 10 0.135 ⁄
38 0.375 ⁄
41 64 0.641
4 ⁄0 0.394* 101⁄2 0.128 25 64⁄ 0.391 21⁄32 0.656
3 ⁄0 0.362* 11 0.120*
2 ⁄0 0.331 111⁄2 0.113 13 32⁄ 0.406 ⁄
43 64 0.672
1 ⁄0 0.306 12 0.106* 27 64⁄ 0.422 ⁄
11 16 0.688
1 0.283 121⁄2 0.099 ⁄
7 16 0.438 45⁄64 0.703
1 1⁄ 2 0.272 13 0.092*
2 0.262* 131⁄2 0.086 29 64⁄ 0.453 23 32⁄ 0.719
2 1⁄ 2 0.253 14 0.080 15 32⁄ 0.469 47 64⁄ 0.734
3 0.244* 141⁄2 0.076 A
Rounded off to 3 decimal places in decimal equivalents in accordance with
3 1⁄ 2 0.234 15 0.072
procedures outlined in Practice E29.
4 0.225* 151⁄2 0.067
4 1⁄ 2 0.216 16 0.062*
5 0.207 161⁄2 0.058
5 1⁄ 2 0.200 17 0.054
6 0.192 171⁄2 0.051 4. Ordering Information
6 1⁄ 2 0.184 18 0.048*
7 0.177 181⁄2 0.044 4.1 Orders for hot-rolled wire rods under this specification
7 1⁄ 2 0.170 19 0.041
8 0.162 191⁄2 0.038
should include the following information:
8 1⁄ 2 0.155 20 0.035* 4.1.1 Quantity (mass or weight),
A
The steel wire gauge outlined in this table has been taken from the original 4.1.2 Name of material (wire rods),
Washburn and Moen Gauge chart. In 20 gauge and coarser, sizes originally 4.1.3 Diameter (Table 2),
quoted to 4 decimal equivalent places have been rounded to 3 decimal places in 4.1.4 Chemical composition grade no. (see Section 6),
accordance with rounding procedures of Practice E29. All rounded U.S. customary
values are indicated by an asterisk. 4.1.5 Packaging,
4.1.6 ASTM designation and date of issue, and
4.1.7 The purchaser shall have the option to specify addi-
tional requirements, including but not limited to:
4.1.7.1 Requirements for certifications, heat analysis, or test
length. Rods are not comparable to hot-rolled bars in accuracy reports (see Sections 6 and 14),
of cross section or surface finish and as a semifinished product 4.1.7.2 Mechanical property requirements (see Sections 6 &
are intended primarily for the manufacture of wire. 8),
4.1.7.3 Freedom from welds (see Section 10),
3.1.3.1 Discussion—Rod sizes from 5.5 to 18.6 mm [7⁄32 to
47⁄64 in.] in diameter, inclusive, are designated in Table 2.
4.1.7.4 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements
(see Section 15),
3.1.4 direct-drawn wire, n—wire that is produced from 4.1.7.5 Other special requirements, if any.
hot-rolled wire rods or hot-rolled coiled bars to finished wire NOTE 1—A typical ordering description is as follows: 50 000 kg steel
through one or more cold reductions without annealing or wire rods, 5.5 mm, Grade G10100 in approximately 600 kg for metric
patenting heat treatment. orders to ASTM A510/A510M dated _______, or 100 000 lb Wire Rods,
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A510/A510M − 18
7⁄32 in., Grade 1010 in approximately 1000 lb Coils to ASTM A510/ TABLE 3 Permissible Variations for Product Analysis of Carbon
A510M dated _______. Steel
4.2 Orders for coarse round wire under this specification Element Limit, or Max of Over Max Limit, Under Min
Specified Range, % % Limit, %
should include the following information: Carbon 0.25 and under 0.02 0.02
4.2.1 Quantity (mass or weight]), over 0.25 to 0.55, incl 0.03 0.03
4.2.2 Name of material (uncoated carbon steel wire or alloy over 0.55 0.04 0.04
steel wire), Manganese 0.90 and under 0.03 0.03
4.2.3 Diameter (see 3.1.1), over 0.90 to 1.65, incl 0.06 0.06
4.2.4 Length (straightened and cut only),
Phosphorus to 0.040, incl 0.008 ...
4.2.5 Chemical composition (see Section 6),
4.2.6 Packaging, Sulfur to 0.060, incl 0.008 ...
4.2.7 ASTM designation and date of issue, and
Silicon 0.35 and under 0.02 0.02
4.2.8 The purchaser shall have the option to specify addi- over 0.35 to 0.60, incl 0.05 0.05
tional requirements, including but not limited to:
4.2.8.1 Requirements for certifications, heat analysis, or test CopperA under minimum only ... 0.02
reports (see Sections 6 and 14), LeadB 0.15 to 0.35, incl 0.03 0.03
4.2.8.2 Mechanical property requirements (see Sections 6 & A
Product analysis permissible variations for copper apply only when the amount
8), of copper is specified or required. Copper bearing steels typically specify 0.20 %
4.2.8.3 Freedom from welds made prior to or during wire min copper.
B
Product analysis permissible variations for lead apply only when the amount of
drawing, or marking of welds (see Section 10), lead is specified or required. A range from 0.15 to 0.35 % lead is normally specified
4.2.8.4 Special packing, marking, and loading requirements for leaded steels.
(see Section 15),
4.2.8.5 Other special requirements, if any.
NOTE 2—A typical ordering description is as follows: 15 000 kg
uncoated carbon or alloy steel wire 3.8 mm in diameter, Grade G10080 in
1000 kg coils on tubular carriers to ASTM A510/A510M-XX, or 2500
pieces carbon or alloy steel wire, 9.5 mm diameter, straightened and cut, drawing is permissible only with the agreement of the pur-
0.76 m, Grade G10500, in 25-piece bundles on pallets to ASTM chaser. In such cases, the boron content shall be reported in
A510/A510M dated _______. either a material test report or certification.
For inch-pound units, a typical ordering description is as follows:
6.2.1 For steels that do not have intentional boron additions
40 000 lb Uncoated Carbon or Alloy Steel Wire, 0.148 in. (9 ga.) diameter,
Grade 10080 in 500 lb Coils on Tubuliar carriers to ASTM A510/A510M for hardenability or for control of strain ageing behavior, the
dated _______, or boron content will not normally exceed 0.0008 %.
2500 Pieces, Carbon or Alloy Steel Wire, 0.375 in. diameter, Straight-
ened and Cut 291⁄2 in., Grade 1015, in 25 Piece Bundles on Pallets to 6.3 Heat Analysis (Formerly Ladle Analysis)—An analysis
ASTM A510/A510M dated _______. of each cast or heat shall be made by the producer to determine
the percentage of the elements specified. The analysis shall be
5. Manufacture made from a test sample, preferably taken during the pouring
5.1 The steel shall be made by any commercially accepted of the heat. The chemical composition thus determined shall be
steel making process. The steel may be either ingot cast or reported, if required, to the purchaser, or his representative.
strand cast. Reporting of significant figures and rounding shall be in
accordance with Test Methods, Practices, and Terminology
6. Chemical Composition A751.
6.1 The chemical composition for steel under this specifi- 6.4 Product Analysis (Formerly Check Analysis)—A prod-
cation shall conform to the requirements set forth in the uct analysis may be made by the purchaser. The purpose of the
purchase order. Chemical compositions are specified by ranges product analysis is to verify that the chemical composition is
or limits for carbon and other elements. The grades commonly within specified limits for each element, including applicable
specified for carbon and alloy steel wire rods and coarse round permissible variations in product analysis. The results of
wire are designated in Guide A1040. Other grades not desig- analyses taken from different pieces of a heat may differ within
nated in Guide A1040 may be specified. permissible limits from each other and from the heat analysis.
6.1.1 For wire rods intended for direct-drawn wire, it is Table 3 shows the permissible variations for product analysis
common practice to specify a range of tensile strength. If of carbon steel. Table 4 shows the permissible variations for
chemistry ranges are also specified, due consideration should product analysis of alloy steel. The results of the product
be taken to ensure that the producer can achieve the required analysis obtained, except lead, shall not vary both above and
strengths within the allowable carbon range. The Mn, P, and S below the permissible limits.
limits for carbon steel wire rods are normally specified 6.4.1 Rimmed or capped steels are characterized by a lack
according to Guide A1040. of uniformity in their chemical composition, especially for the
6.2 Boron Additions to Control Strain Ageing Behavior— elements carbon, phosphorus, and sulfur, and for this reason
Intentional additions of boron to low carbon steels for the product analysis is not technologically appropriate for these
purpose of controlling strain ageing behavior during wire elements unless misapplication is clearly indicated.
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A510/A510M − 18
TABLE 4 Product or Verification Analysis Tolerances—Alloy TABLE 5 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Wire Rod in Coils
Steels
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this
Tolerance Over specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E29.
Limit or Maximum of Maximum Limit or
Element SI Units
Specified Range, % Under Minimum Limit,
% Permissible Variation, Permissible Out-of-
Diameter of Rod [mm]
Carbon To 0.30, incl 0.01 Plus and Minus, [mm] Round, [mm]
Over 0.30 to 0.75, incl 0.02
Over 0.75 0.03 5.5 to 19 0.40 0.60
Inch-Pound Units
Manganese To 0.90, incl 0.03 Permissible
Diameter of Rod Permissible Out-
Over 0.90 to 2.10, incl 0.04 Variation, Plus
Fractions Decimal of-Round, in.
and Minus, in.
Phosphorus Over max only 0.005
⁄
7 32 to 47⁄64 in., 0.219 to 0.734 0.016 0.025
Sulfur To 0.060, inclA 0.005 incl in., incl
Nickel To 1.00, inc 0.03 6.4.4 For referee purposes, Test Methods A751 shall be
Over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05
Over 2.00 to 5.30, incl 0.07 used.
Over 5.30 to 10.00, incl 0.10
7. Metallurgical Structure
Chromium To 0.90, incl 0.03
Over 0.90 to 2.10, incl 0.05 7.1 Grain size, when specified, shall be determined in
Over 2.10 to 3.99, incl 0.10 accordance with the requirements of Test Methods E112.
Molybdenum To 0.20, incl 0.01 7.2 Wire rods of the steel grades listed in Table 3, when
Over 0.20 to 0.40, incl 0.02
Over 0.40 to 1.15, incl 0.03
supplied in the “as-rolled’’ condition, shall not contain injuri-
ous microconstituents such as untempered martensite.
Vanadium To 0.01, incl 0.01
Over 0.10 to 0.25, incl 0.02 8. Mechanical Requirements
Over 0.25 to 0.50, incl 0.03
Min value specified, 0.01 8.1 Mechanical properties shall conform to requirements set
check under min limit
forth in the purchase order. The properties enumerated in the
Tungsten To 1.00, incl 0.04 purchase order and individual specifications shall be deter-
Over 1.00 to 4.00, incl 0.08 mined in accordance with Test Methods and Definitions A370.
Aluminum Up to 0.10, incl 0.03 8.2 Because of the great variety in the kinds of wire and the
Over 0.10 to 0.20, incl 0.04 extensive diversity of end uses, a number of formal mechanical
Over 0.20 to 0.30, incl 0.05
Over 0.30 to 0.80, incl 0.07 test procedures have been developed. These tests are used as
Over 0.80 to 1.80, incl 0.10 control tests by producers during the intermediate stages of
wire processing, as well as for final testing of the finished
Lead 0.15 to 0.35, incl 0.03B
product, and apply particularly to specification wire and wires
Copper To 1.00, incl 0.03 for specified end uses. A number of these tests are further
Over 1.00 to 2.00, incl 0.05 described in Annex A4, Round Wire Products, of Test Methods
A
B
Sulfur over 0.060 % is not subject to check, product, or verification analysis. and Definitions A370.
Tolerance is over and under.
8.3 Since the general utility of rods and wire requires
continuity of length, in the case of rods, tests are commonly
6.4.2 Because of the degree to which phosphorus and sulfur made on samples taken from the ends of coils after removing
segregate, product analysis for these elements is not techno- enough rings to clear any non-uniformity in the controlled
logically appropriate for rephosphorized or resulfurized steels, cooling process, if applicable. In the case of wire, tests are
or both, unless misapplication is clearly indicated. commonly made on samples taken from the ends of coils,
6.4.3 The location at which chips for product analysis are thereby not impairing the usefulness of the whole coil.
obtained from the sample is important because of segregation.
For rods and wire, chips are taken by milling or machining the 9. Dimensions and Permissible Variations
full cross section of the sample. 9.1 The diameter and out-of-roundness of the wire rod shall
6.4.3.1 Steel subjected to certain thermal treatment opera- not vary from that specified by more than that prescribed in
tions by the purchaser may not give chemical analysis results Table 5.
that properly represent its original composition. Therefore,
purchasers should analyze chips taken from the steel in the 9.2 The diameter and out-of-roundness of the coarse round
condition in which it is received from the producer. wire and straightened and cut wire shall not vary from that
6.4.3.2 When samples are returned to the producer for specified by more than that prescribed in Table 6.
product analysis, the samples should consist of pieces of the 9.3 The length of straightened and cut wire shall not vary
full cross section. from that specified by more than that prescribed in Table 7.
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A510/A510M − 18
TABLE 6 Permissible Variations in Diameter for Uncoated Coarse TABLE 8 Permissible Variations for Burrs for Straightened and
Round Wire Cut Wire
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this
specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E29. specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in E29.
SI Units SI Units
In Coils Permissible Variation over Measured
Diameter of Wire, [mm]
Permissible Variations, Permissible Out-of- Diameter, [mm]
Diameter of Wire, [mm]
Plus and Minus, [mm] Round, [mm]
Up to 3.0, incl 0.10
0.90 to under 1.90 0.03 0.03 Over 3.0 to 6.5, incl 0.15
1.90 to under 12.5 0.05 0.05 Over 6.5 to 12.5, incl 0.20
12.5 and over 0.08 0.08 Over 12.5 0.25
Straightened and Cut
Permissible Variations, Permissible Out- Of- Inch-Pound Units
Diameter of Wire, [mm]
Plus and Minus, [mm] Round, [mm] Permissible Variation over Measured
Diameter of Wire, in.
Diameter, in.
0.90 to under 1.90 0.03 0.03
1.90 to under 3.80 0.05 0.05 Up to 0.125, incl 0.004
3.80 to under 12.5 0.08 0.08 Over 0.125 to 0.250, incl 0.006
12.5 and over 0.10 0.10 Over 0.250 to 0.500, incl 0.008
Over 0.500 0.010
Inch-Pound Units
In Coils
Permissible Variations, Permissible Out-Of-
Diameter of Wire, in.
Plus and Minus, in. Round, in. larger coil. The weld zone may not be as sound as the original
0.035 to under 0.076 0.001 0.001
material. The mechanical properties existing in the weld metal
0.076 to under 0.500 0.002 0.002 may differ from those in the unaffected base metal. The weld
0.500 and over 0.003 0.003 may exceed the standard dimensional permissible variations on
Straightened and Cut
Permissible Variations, Permissible Out-of-
the minus side and must be within the permissible variations on
Diameter of Wire, in. the plus side.
Plus and Minus, in. Round, in.
0.035 to under 0.076 0.001 0.001 10.2 The wire as received shall be smooth and substantially
0.076 to 0.148, incl 0.002 0.002 free from rust, shall not be kinked or improperly cast. No
Over 0.148 to under 0.003 0.003 detrimental die marks or scratches may be present. Each coil
0.500
0.500 and over 0.004 0.004 shall be one continuous length of wire. If not prohibited in the
purchase order or contract, welds made during cold drawing
are permitted. If unmarked welds are unacceptable to the
TABLE 7 Permissible Variations in Length for Straightened and purchaser, special arrangements should be made with the
Cut Wire manufacturer at the time of purchase.
NOTE 1—For purposes of determining conformance with this 10.3 The straightened and cut wire shall be substantially
specification, all specified limits are absolute as defined in Practice E29. straight and not be kinked or show excessive spiral marking.
SI Units
Permissible Variations, Plus and 11. Number of Tests and Retests
Cut Length, [m]
Minus, [mm]
11.1 The difficulties in obtaining truly representative
Under 1.0 1.6 samples of wire rod and coarse round wire without destroying
1.0 to 4.0 2.4
Over 4.0 3.0 the usefulness of the coil of wire account for the generally
accepted practice of allowing retests for mechanical tests and
Inch-Pound Units
Permissible Variations, Plus and
surface examination. Two additional test pieces are cut from
Cut Length, ft each end of the coil from which the original sample was taken.
Minus, in.
A portion of the coil may be discarded prior to cutting the
Under 3 ⁄
1 16
3 to 12, incl ⁄
3 32
sample for retest. If any of the retests fails to comply with the
Over 12 18 ⁄ requirements, the coil of wire may be rejected. Before final
rejection, however, it is frequently advisable to base final
decision on an actual trial of the material to determine whether
or not it will be suitable for the intended use.
9.4 The burrs formed in cutting straightened and cut wire
shall not exceed the diameter specified by more than that 12. Inspection
prescribed in Table 8. 12.1 The manufacturer shall afford the purchaser’s inspector
all reasonable facilities necessary to satisfy him that the
10. Workmanship, Finish, and Appearance material is being produced and furnished in accordance with
10.1 The wire rod shall be free of detrimental surface this specification. Mill inspection by the purchaser shall not
imperfections, tangles, and sharp kinks. interfere unnecessarily with the manufacturer’s operations. All
10.1.1 If not prohibited in the purchase order or contract, tests and inspections shall be made at the place of manufacture,
two or more rod coils may be welded together to produce a unless otherwise agreed.
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A510/A510M − 18
13. Rejection and Rehearing the certifier’s facility. The content of the EDI transmitted
13.1 Any rejection based on tests made in accordance with document shall meet the requirements of the invoked ASTM
this specification shall be reported to the producer within a standard(s) and conform to any existing EDI agreement be-
reasonable length of time. The material must be adequately tween the purchaser and the manufacturer. Notwithstanding the
protected and correctly identified in order that the producer absence of a signature, the organization submitting the EDI
may make a proper investigation. transmission is responsible for the content of the report.
NOTE 3—The industry definition as invoked here is: EDI is the
14. Certification computer-to-computer exchange of business information in a standard
format such as ANSI ASC X12.
14.1 When specified in the purchase order or contract, a
producer’s or supplier’s certification shall be furnished to the 15. Packaging and Package Marking
purchaser that the material was manufactured, sampled, tested, 15.1 A tag shall be securely attached to each coil or bundle
and inspected in accordance with this specification and has and shall be marked with the size, ASTM specification number,
been found to meet the requirements. When specified in the heat number, grade number, and name or mark of the manu-
purchase order or contract, a report of the test results shall be facturer.
furnished.
15.2 When specified in the purchase order, packaging,
14.2 The certification shall include the specification marking, and loading for shipments shall be in accordance with
number, year date of issue, and revision letter, if any. those procedures recommended by Practices A700.
14.3 A material test report, certificate of inspection, or
similar document printed from or used in electronic form from 16. Keywords
an electronic data interchange (EDI) transmission shall be 16.1 alloy steel; carbon; carbon steel; coarse round wire;
regarded as having the same validity as a counterpart printed in general; grain size; straightened and cut; weld; wire; wire rods
SUMMARY OF CHANGES
Committee A01 has identified the location of selected changes to this standard since the last issue (A510 – 13)
that may impact the use of this standard. (Approved March 1, 2018.)
(1) Switched order of metric and inch-pound units throughout. (8) Replaced reference to “direct drawn” with “cold drawn”
(2) Added 1.4. and replaced reference to E30 with reference to A751 in
(3) Removed A5, A510M, E30, SAE J1086, and AIAG B-5 Section 6.
from list of referenced documents in Section 2. (9) Removed the word “cast” and the second section of 6.4.
(4) Added definition for direct-drawn wire to Section 3. (10) Replaced reference to Supplement IV with reference to
(5) Replaced reference to Specification A150 with Specifica- Annex A4 and added statement that mechanical property
tion A510/A510M in Section 4. requirements shall be stated on the purchase order in Section 8.
(6) Expanded list of additional requirements for wire and wire (11) Removed “Mass” from the title of Section 9.
rods. (12) Removed 15.3.
(7) Replaced references to Guide A1040 in 4.1.4 and 4.2.5 with (13) Modified language in Section 10 to allow for purchaser to
references to Section 6. request wire or wire rods without welds.
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