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Character Manipulation

The document describes various Oracle SQL functions for character manipulation. Some key functions are: - CONCAT concatenates two or more strings together. - LENGTH returns the length of a string. - REVERSE returns a string in reverse order. - REPLACE finds and replaces a substring within a string. - TRIM removes leading and trailing characters like spaces from a string. - SUBSTR extracts a substring from within a string. - INSTR finds the position of a substring within a string. These functions allow for manipulating strings, extracting parts of strings, finding/replacing substrings, and other common string operations in Oracle SQL.

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29 views4 pages

Character Manipulation

The document describes various Oracle SQL functions for character manipulation. Some key functions are: - CONCAT concatenates two or more strings together. - LENGTH returns the length of a string. - REVERSE returns a string in reverse order. - REPLACE finds and replaces a substring within a string. - TRIM removes leading and trailing characters like spaces from a string. - SUBSTR extracts a substring from within a string. - INSTR finds the position of a substring within a string. These functions allow for manipulating strings, extracting parts of strings, finding/replacing substrings, and other common string operations in Oracle SQL.

Uploaded by

kvigneshk2001
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© © All Rights Reserved
We take content rights seriously. If you suspect this is your content, claim it here.
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CHARACTER MANIPULATION FUNCTION:

CONCAT
LENGTH
REVERSE
REPLACE
TRANSLATE
SUBSTR
INSTR
TRIM
RTRIM
LTRIM
LPAD
RPAD
ASCII
CHR

CONCAT
CONCAT:
(i) It accept exactly two arguments.
(ii)It used to concatenating two input strings.

SYNTAX:
CONCAT(input_string1,input_string2)
select CONCAT('Oracle','Database') from dual;

suppose I want three strings put together.


select CONCAT(CONCAT('Oracle','Database'),'Developer') from dual;

instead of CONCAT use pipe symbol ||

select 'Oracle'||'Database'||'Developer' from dual;


select employee_id, first_name,CONCAT(first_name,employee_id) from employees;
select concat(1,2) from dual;

LENGTH:
(i) It accept only one argument.
(ii)It Display length of the string

SYNTAX:

Length(input_string1)

select LENGTH('oracle') from dual;


select LENGTH(5467) from dual;

select first_name, LENGTH(first_name) from employees;

REVERSE:
(i) It accept only one argument.
(ii)It Display string in reverse order.

select REVERSE('ORACLE') from dual;


select first_name, REVERSE(first_name) from employees;

REPLACE:
(i) It accept two or three arguments.
(ii)It used to perform find and replace.

SYNTAX:
REPLACE (input_string,finding_string,replacing_string)

select 'ORACLE DATABASE', REPLACE('ORACLE DATABASE','ab','xy') from dual; --case


sensitive
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', REPLACE('ORACLE DATABASE','AB','XY') from dual; --AB
is replaced by XY
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', REPLACE('ORACLE DATABASE','AB') from dual;
-- two arg AB is replaced with null
select LENGTH('ORACLE DATABASE'),LENGTH(REPLACE('ORACLE DATABASE','AB')) from dual;
'ORACLE DATABASE'
select REPLACE('ORACLE DATABASE','A') from dual;
select LENGTH('ORACLE DATABASE')-LENGTH(REPLACE('ORACLE DATABASE','A')) from dual;

TRANSLATE:

(i) It accept exactly three arguments.


(ii)The first character of the finding string will be replaced by first
character of the replacing string.

SYNTAX
TRANSLATE(input_string,finding_character,replacing_character)

select 'ORACLE DATABASE', TRANSLATE('ORACLE DATABASE','AB','XY')from dual;


select 'ORACLE DATABASE', TRANSLATE('ORACLE DATABASE','AB','m') from dual;
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', TRANSLATE('ORACLE DATABASE','A') from dual; --
invalid number of arguments

DIff:

Replace: used to replace the characters by another set of characters.


Translate: is used for character by character substitution or replacements.

SUBSTR:

(i) It accept two or three arguments.


(ii) It used to get substring from input string.

SYNTAX
SUBSTR(input_string,starting_position,length)

select 'ORACLE DATABASE' ,SUBSTR('ORACLE DATABASE',4,6)from dual; --3 arg


select 'ORACLE DATABASE' ,SUBSTR('ORACLE DATABASE',4) from dual; --2 arg

select 'ORACLE DATABASE' ,SUBSTR('ORACLE DATABASE',-4) from dual;


select 'ORACLE DATABASE' ,SUBSTR('ORACLE DATABASE',-4,2) from dual;
select 'ORACLE DATABASE' ,SUBSTR('ORACLE DATABASE',-2,-3) from dual; --null

Question:
empname(3 letter)+emp_id
select employee_id,first_name, CONCAT(SUBSTR(first_name,1,3),employee_id) from
employees;

INSTR:
(i) It accept two or four arguments.
(ii) It used to find the position of finding string.
SYNTAX:
INSTR(input_string,finding_string,starting_position,nth occurance)

select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE','A',1,1) from dual;


select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE','A',1,2) from dual;
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE','A',4,3) from dual;
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE','A',4,5) from dual;
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE','A') from dual;
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE','A',1,1) from dual;
-- so default it taken as 1,1
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE','A',1) from dual;
select 'ORACLE DATABASE', INSTR('ORACLE DATABASE') from dual; -- not enough
arguments for function

/*Extract name and domain from email*/

select email,SUBSTR(email,1,INSTR(email,'@',1,1)-1)Name,
SUBSTR(email,INSTR(email,'@',1,1)+1) Domain_name from t1;

TRIM:
(i). It accept one argument
(ii).It is used to remove special characters or spaces on both sides.

SYNTAX:
TRIM(special_character from input_string)

select TRIM('*' from '***ORACLE***') from dual;


select '***ORACLE**DB***',TRIM('*' from '***ORACLE**DB***') from dual;
select LENGTH(' ORACLE DB '),LENGTH(TRIM(' ORACLE DB '))from
dual;
select first_name,last_name from employees where first_name=TRIM(' Steven ');

RTRIM:
(i). It accept one or two Arguments
(ii).It is used to remove special characters or spaces on right hand side.

RTRIM (input_string,special_char)

select RTRIM('*****ORACLE*****','*')from dual;


select ' ORACLE ', RTRIM(' ORACLE ')from dual;
select LENGTH(' ORACLE '), LENGTH(RTRIM(' ORACLE '))from dual;
select first_name,last_name from employees where first_name=RTRIM('Steven ');

RPAD:
It accept two or three Arguments
It is used to adding special characters on RIGHT hand sides

SYNTAX:
RPAD(input_string,length,padding_character)

select RPAD('ORACLE' ,10,'*') from dual; --3 arg


select RPAD('ORACLE',15) from dual; --2 arg
select LENGTH('ORACLE'),LENGTH(RPAD('ORACLE',15)) from dual;

select first_name,RPAD(first_name,10) from employees;


select first_name,RPAD(first_name,10,'*') from employees;
ASCII
American Standard Code for Information Interchange

(i) It accept one argument.


(ii)It is used to get ASCII value for given input character.

Syntax(input_character)

select ASCII('A') from dual;


select ASCII('a') from dual;

CHR:
(ii).It accept one argument.
(ii).It used to get character value from ASCII char.

select CHR(42) from dual;


select CHR(97) from dual;

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