Find the median path loss using Okumura’s model for d=50km, h, = 100m, h, = 10m in a suburban environment. If the base station transmitter radiates an EIRP (Effective Isotropic Radiated Power) of 1kW at a carrier frequency of 900MHz, find the power at the receiver (assume a unity gain receiving antenna). Lso(dB) = Lp + Amu(f,d) — G(Aee) — GUItre) = Garea : : Amu(f) =43 8G(hpe) = 20109 (") = 20108() = 10.46dB Garea = 9 4B 38 5 Correction Factor, Ganea (48) 10 100-200 300 -§00 700 1000 2000 3000 Frequency ¢ (MHz) Lso(dB) = 125.51 + 43 + 6 — 10.46 —9 = 155.05 dB GrGp 10%mW x 1X1 T= Whos GieseIf the received power at a reference distance d. = 1km is equal to 1mW, find the received power at a distance of 2km from the same transmitter for the following path loss models: (Assume f = 1800MHz, hy = 40m, h, = 3m, G= G, = 0dB) L nea d Pa(d) = Pad.) — 10ntog () 2 = 10 log(1) ~ 10(4) log() = -12.04 dam i. Hata model for a large city environment Pe(d = 2 km) = Pr — Lso(d = 2 km) Pr = Pp(do) + Lso(d = 1 km) Pa(dg) = 10 log(1) = 0 dBm fe > 1500 MHz + Extended Hata will be used Lso(Urban) = 46.3 + 33.9logf, ~ 13.82loghee ~ a hye) +(44.9 — 6.55 loghie) logd + Cy aye) = 3.2(log11.75htye)? — 4.97 = 3.2(logi1.75 x 3)? — 4.97 = 2.689 dB Cy = 3qB Lso(d = 1 km) = 46.3 + 33.910g1800 — 13.82l0g40 — 2.689 +(44.9 — 6.55 log40) log 1 + 3 = 134.82 dB Lso(d = 2 km) = 46.3 + 33.91og1800 — 13.82l0g40 — 2.689 +(44.9 — 6.55 log40) log2 + 3 = 145.18 dB Py = 0 + 134.82 = 134.82 dBm Pp(d = 2 km) = 134.82 — 145.18 = —10.36 dBmIf the average received power (Pq(d) = Pr ~ PL(A)) is -57dBm at d=2km taking into account the shadowing effect having a Gaussian Distribution with zero mean and standard deviation o = 6d8. Find the percentage of area within a 2km radius cell that receives signals areater than a value -60d6m. P.(Py(d = 2km) > -60) = P,(P,(d) ~ X, > -60) P(—57 —X, > —60) = Pile <3) = 1- Be > 3) =1-0(3) — 0.30854 = 0.69146 Assume n=2 Ia n Rio Pet Pee) >) “FRACTION OF TOTAL AREA WITH ‘SIONAL ABOVE THRESHOLD, U(1) Percentage of Area=89 %Consider four-cell frequency reuse. Cell B1 is the desired cell and 82 is a co-channel cell as shown in the figure below. For a mobile located in cell B41, find the cell radius R to give coverage percentage of 95% inside the cell. Coverage is considered to be satisfied when the Signal to Interference ratio (SIR) at the mobile is greater than 18 dB. Assume the following: ~ cochanel interference eto bse Broly ~ Caer eno, fr Mt «Reference dtonce dr fm sue ree pace propagation rom the transmit todo) «Aste Goon” 848d Gn ~ Tense power vale ot ny ote station, P10 W P,(dB) between the mobile and base B; is given as a8) = Fa + 25109 (2) ~ (dB) between te mete an bse 8g PACdb) = PG + 40109 (4) - x, Bab N.B.: We used this n from the first equation because we are concerned with the coverage inside cell 81, 50 we must use the path-loss exponent of this cell (81). Ug) = 095“FRACTION OF TOTAL AREA WITH P,(SIR > 18) = 0.8 SIR = Ps—P, > 18dB We will design on the worst SIR, which occurs when the mobile is on the edge of B: (nearest. point to the interferer Bz) EERE R Ps = Pa(R) = Pr + Gr + Ga — Pi(R) = Pr + Gr + Gp — (xca) +25log Fa] . a D Py = Pa(D) = Pr + Gr + Gy Py(D) = Pr + Gr + Ge — (PCA) + 400g () =X) =F +6546 (FT + 40g (W.B.i0 = 0) SIR = Ps —P,=Pr+GrtGe- (Ray +25log . (» + Gr + Gy (ra +10(4)log @)) 25 log(R) + 25 log(da) + 40 log(D) — 40 log(do) + Xa = -25log(R) — 15 log(d,) + 40 log(D) + X_ ae v= |esme+ (Za) = 2646R SIR = ~25 log(R) + 40 log(2.646 R) ~ 15 log(d,) + X, = 15 log(R) ~ 28.096 + X, P.(SIR > 18) = P-(15 log(R) ~ 28.096 + X, > 18) = P-(X, > -15 log(R) + 28.096 + 18) —15 log(R) + 46.096 oS 8) 9g @ Since, the value of Q(z) is greater than 0.5, therefore, z is a negative number, because QC+ve number)=, Q(0)=05, and Q(-ve number)>0.5 Therefore, Q(the positive number)=1-0.815 log(R) — 46.091 o( oo) From the Q-Table Q(0.8) = 0.2 Q(-0.8) = 0.8 15 log(R) — 46.096 15 log(R) ~ 46.096 > =08 =3.16Km‘Suppose a mobile station is located in network comprised of three base stations BS1, BS2 and BS3, as shown in the next figure. The distance between any two base stations is D=1600m. The received power in dBm at base station j, from the mobile station, is modeled as: Pr,i(d}d8m = Po ~ 10nlog (di/do) + xi where i=1,2,3 and di is the distance between the mobile and base station i in meters. Po is the received power at distance do from the mobile antenna and n is the path loss exponent. xi is a zero mean Gaussian random variable with standard deviation a in dB, that models the variation of the received signals due to shadowing. Assume that the random components xi of the signals received at different base stations are independent of each other. The minimum usable signal for acceptable voice quality at the base station receiver is Pr;min and the threshold level for handoff initiation is Pr,HOin dBm. Assume that the mobile is currently connected to BS1. A handoff occurs when the received signal at the base station BS1, from the mobile, drops below threshold Pr,HO, and the signal received at some other base station is greater than the minimum acceptable level Pr,min. Given the parameters in the following table, determine the probability that a handoff occurs (Prfhandoff]) Parameter Value a 3 o ‘808 Po ‘odBm do Im Prin “118 dBm Prsho “112 dBmHandoff occurs when: P,.»s1PYminORPr.as2>PFmin) P.(handof f) = P(Pr.asy < Prato) x (Pe(Prase > Pramin) + Pe(Prasss > Prinin)) (2. —10nlog (2) tn< -112) 4%> -11)) _ x ( 2 (, — 10ntog (2) +> -118) +2, (2 = 10nlog =F. (0- 10@)log (2) +x <-112) : G (0~ 10(3)109 (22) + x2 > -118) + »,(0—1008)!09(“2) +25 > =u) 1600? = 800? = 1385.65 m P, (handoff) = P,(0 — 10(3)log(800) + x, < -112) x (P,(0 = 10(3)log(800) + x2 > 118) + P.(0 — 10(3)log(1385.65) + x5 > -118)) = P(t < -24.907) x (P-(42 > —30.907) + P-(4a > -23.75)) = (0) =(-0F2)--09)=(e5)*(e-07)-0F9) = (Q(3.113)) x (2 — Q(3.863) — Q(2.969)) = (Q(3.1)) x (2 - Q(3.8) — Q(2.9)) = 0.00097 x (2 — 0.00007 — 0.00187) = 1,938 x 107?