Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology

ISSN No:-2456-2165

A Performances Study on GGBS with Alccofine-

Based High Strength Self-Compacting Concrete
Naveen Kumar S M /Assistant Professor Dr Vijay Kumar Y M/ Professor
Department of Civil Engineering, Department of Civil Engineering,
Adichunchanagiri Institute of TechnologyChikmagalur, Adichunchanagiri Institute of Technology Chikmagalur,
Karnataka State, India-577102 Karnataka State, India-577102

Aishwarya G /PG Scholar

Department of Civil Engineering,
Adichunchanagiri Institute of TechnologyChikmagalur,
Karnataka State, India-577102

Abstract:- This paper conducts both experimental studies This concrete was initially developed in Japan in the
on high-strength concrete (HSC) incorporating the late 1980s to combat the decline in concrete quality brought
development of SCC mixes using industrial products such on by a lack of skilled labor, as well as issues with
as Alccofine as an additive of 10% and GGBS as a partial homogeneity and compaction at the corners of cast-in-place
replacement for cement at 0, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60%, and concrete, particularly with complex structures, to increase the
the second phase covers the study of fresh and hardened durability of concrete and structures. Following the creation
properties of developed high strength SCC mixes in the of SCC in 1988 in Japan, all of Europe began to work on this
laboratory. The study comprehensively tested properties special noise-free revolution in the building sector. SCC
like Rheological, compressive strength, and split tensile research in Europe has been particularly active over the past
strength at 7, 28, and 91-day curing periods. The results five years, from 1991 to 2000. Because of this, Europe
highlighted enhanced workability when GGBS replaced published self-compacting concrete requirements and
cement, particularly in the 40% is optimum strength is guidelines before the United States (EFNARC 2002) [20].
satisfied. However, beyond 10% alccofine additive, Currently, there is a lot of research being conducted globally
adverse effects were observed across all parameters. to improve the fluidity of concrete while maintaining its
strength and durability attributes without significantly raising
Keywords:- Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS), the cost. In November 2002, the first North American
Supplementary Cementitious Material (SCM), Compressive symposium on the design and application of self-
Strength (C.S), Split Tensile Strength (S.T.S) consolidation concrete was held. Due to the advantages of
using this concrete, various universities and government
I. INTRODUCTION R&D firms currently employ a large number of researchers.
Very limited work is reported from India, where the future
One of the most significant advancements in the for concrete is very bright due to scarcity of skilled
construction sector has been the creation of self-compacting manpower, non-mechanization of the construction industry,
concrete (SCC). This tangible idea aims to reduce the risk and abundant availability of construction materials available
brought on by the human aspect. SCC is increasingly being at very low cost. Therefore, it can be said that SCC is still
used because of its many appealing qualities. SCC differs quite unknown to many researchers, builders, ready-mix
significantly from traditional slump concrete in terms of its concrete producers, academia, etc. Self-compacting concrete
characteristics. SCC is a highly workable concrete that can (SCC) is an innovative type of fresh concrete known for its
flow through densely reinforced and complex structural ability to flow and consolidate without the need for external
elements under its weight and adequately fill all gaps without vibration. This technology is particularly useful in
segregation, excessive bleeding, excessive air migration, or construction scenarios where traditional concrete
other material separations, as well as without the need for consolidation using vibrators is challenging. SCC is
vibration or other mechanical consolidation. According to characterized by its exceptional filling and passing ability, as
Okamura (1997)[21], SCC is highly designed concrete that well as its resistance to segregation. It possesses superior
has a significantly higher fluidity without segregation and flow properties in its fresh state, facilitating self-compaction
can fill every corner of formwork while supporting itself. So, and material consolidation while eliminating issues related to
without compromising the engineering qualities of the segregation. Alccofine is an advanced micro-fine mineral
concrete, SCC does away with the necessity for vibration, admixture derived from slag, designed for use as a
either internal or external. SCC is a fluid mixture that can be supplementary cementitious material (SCM) in concrete and
used in dense reinforcement and challenging situations mortar applications. This eco-friendly material is primarily
without vibrating. composed of low calcium silicate and boasts high glass
content with remarkable reactivity. It is meticulously
processed from Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag

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Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
(GGBS), yielding ultra-fine particles with an impressive compacting concrete using Ground Granulated Blast Furnace
fineness of 12000 cm2/g, achieved through a controlled Slag (GGBS) and Alccofine: Alccofine was employed as an
granulation process that imparts unique chemical properties. additive, while GGBS partially replaced cement at varying
rates from 0% to 60%, with a 10% increment. This mixture
II. LITERATURE SUMMARY was designated as M60 grade. The experimental output
parameters strength were compressive strength and split
In early trials by Okamura and Ozawa (1995)[22], SCC tensile strength. The dataset collected included various
was first described as a high-performance concrete that is materials such as cement, M-sand, coarse aggregate, GGBS,
capable of self-leveling and self-compaction. For self- Alccofine/Micro-Silica, superplasticizer, water, and curing
compacting concrete, a brand-new mix design technique has age in days (7, 28, 91). These materials were utilized in the
been proposed. To ensure that the resulting concrete had experimental program to assess the properties of SCC. The
flowability, self-compacting ability, and other necessary SCC research examined the impact of GGBS, Alccofine, and
features, the number of aggregates needed was first debris substitution on concrete strength, finding that certain
established. The spaces left by the aggregates were then filled combinations could maintain or enhance concrete strength.
with the paste of binders. The main variables affecting the
qualities of SCC Nan-Su are the number of aggregates, A. Materials Used
binders, and mixing water as well as the type and dosage of Ordinary Portland Cement (OPC) 53 grade, complying
superplasticizer to be utilized [21]. Evaluate carried with IS: 12269 – 2013[23] specifications, was chosen for the
performed an experimental test to see how much stronger experiment. M-Sand, conforming to IS-383-2016 standards,
concrete would be if cement were to be replaced with served as the fine aggregate in the study, with its physical
alumina. He conducted research and stated that a maximum properties assessed by IS-2386-1975, and it was sourced
of 50% GGBS could be added as a mineral admixture from local suppliers. Coarse aggregates, ranging up to 20mm
without having an impact on the material's capacity to self- and occasionally 12mm for heavily reinforced concrete, were
compact. To replace a particular percentage of cement and used. These well-graded aggregates with cubical or rounded
add a certain percentage of lime, the SCC is covered in this shapes met the quality criteria outlined in Indian Standard
paper. When replacing cement with GGBS, up to 40% of the Specification IS-383-2016[24]. Neutral pH water with a
self-compacting ability is retained [2]. evaluated the link rating of 7 was employed for both mixing and curing the
between the splitting tensile and compressive strengths of concrete specimens. Alccofine, obtained from slag with high
self-compacting concrete. With increasing concrete glass content, was used as a water reducer and workability
compressive strength, all of the models investigated in this enhancer, sourced from Counto Microfine Products Pvt. Ltd.,
study appear to become less accurate [5]. According to the and compliant with IS: 9103-2008 standards. Micro Silica,
current investigation, GGBS and Micro Silica were used to sourced from BASF Construction Chemical Pvt. Ltd., and
explore the rheological and strength characteristics of High Ground Granulated Blast Furnace Slag (GGBS) from Astra
Strength Self- Compacting Concrete (HSCC) mixes Chemical were used as supplementary materials, along with
[2][3][4]``.assert that the addition of cement fines strengthens the superplasticizer Master Glenium Sky 8233, to enhance
combinations of ordinary and standard-grade concrete. concrete deformability and reduce water content.
According to the study, fly ash may be substituted for cement
in concrete compositions. Crushed, granulated blast furnace B. Mix proportion:
slag and silica fumes. Mix design forbids the incorporation of The mix design for Self-Compacting Concrete (SCC) in
ultra-fine substances like Alccofine[1]. this study is based on the Nan-Su method from Taiwan. It
aims to determine the paste quantity needed to fill the gaps
The study explored the use of industrial byproducts like between loosely piled aggregates. The mix design process
GGBS, SF[6], and Alcofine in concrete mixes, achieving involves calculating the fine and coarse aggregate content
satisfactory compressive and split tensile, strength properties. using parameters like the S/a ratio (typically 50%), packing
The research examined the impact of GGBS, Alccofine, and factor (PF), bulk densities of aggregates, concrete grade (FC),
debris substitution on concrete strength, finding that certain and a correction factor (CF). The calculations yield values for
combinations could maintain or enhance concrete strength. fine aggregate (Wfa), coarse aggregate (Wca), cement (C),
Studies showed that Alccofine can enhance the strength of and the mixing water content required by cement (Wwc). The
regular and high-strength concrete when used as a partial resulting mix proportion is 1:2.36:2.12 [3], [4] with a water-
replacement for cement. to-paste ratio of 0.80. The mixes designated as M1 are
conventional SCC and M2 to M7 contained GGBS (10-60%)
III. METHODOLOGY and Additive of Alccofine 10% throughout.

 General C. Mechanical properties

An experimental program was conducted to evaluate the Mechanical properties, including compressive strength
compressive strength and split tensile strength of self- and split tensile strength, were evaluated at different curing
compacting concrete (SCC). It was observed that there is no ages of 7, 28, and 91 days while varying percentages of
universally accepted mix design method due to the influence GGBS were used as partial replacements for cement. These
of material characteristics and mix proportions on SCC replacement percentages ranged from 0% to 60% for GGBS
properties. In this study, the Nan-Su method was chosen for with 10% Alccofine. Compressive strength is a vital concrete
mixed design due to its reliability and simplicity. Self- property with direct implications for other concrete

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Volume 8, Issue 10, October – 2023 International Journal of Innovative Science and Research Technology
ISSN No:-2456-2165
characteristics. Standard 150x150x150 mm concrete cubes
were employed, and a compression testing machine applied a
load at a rate of 1.40 kN/min. Compressive strength was
calculated using the formula: Compressive strength = load
(N) / area (mm2). Split Tensile Strength: The tensile strength
of concrete was indirectly assessed using the split tensile
strength test, originally known as the "Brazilian Test."
Cylindrical specimens with dimensions of 100 mm x 200 mm
were subjected to this test, following IS 516-2018 [26]
standards, at curing ages of 7, 28, and 91 days. The split
tensile strength was determined using the formula:

Fig 1: Compressive and Splitting tensile strength

IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSIONS

This present study Experimental and Prediction results

of compressive, splitting tensile and compared those results, Graph 1:- Compressive Strength, mixes and % of increased
for various ages. Further, the results obtained are reported in CS
the form of Tables and Graphs respectively. The workability
of SCC is higher than the highest class of consistency  Observation
described within EFNRC Guidelines and can be
Compared to the control SCC mix concrete(M1), it has
characterized by the following properties:(i) Filling
been observed that the compressive strength of SCC mix of
ability,(ii) Passing ability, and (iii) Segregation resistance
M5 maximum strength gained at various ages are 7,28& 91-
reported in Table 1.
days formed with admixtures 10% of Alccofine and 40%
GGBS goes on increasing gradually up to 27.46% and after
Table 1: Fresh property of SCC. which there is a reduction in compressive strength.
Slump flow J-ring V-funnel
Mixes
(650-800mm) (0-10mm) (6-12sec) Table 2:-Splitting tensile Strength Results
M1 670 7 10 increase or decrease of
M2 715 7 10 Split tensile strength split tensile strength
M3 715 5 9 Mixes (Mpa) (map)
M4 720 6 9 Days 7 28 91 7 28 91
M5 735 7 9 M1 2.77 3.37 3.42 0 0 0
M6 740 6 8 M2 2.81 3.56 3.5 1.42 5.34 2.29
M7 745 5 8 M3 3.05 3.50 3.51 7.87 3.71 2.56
M4 3.29 3.73 3.53 15.81 9.65 3.12
Table 2:- Compressive Strength Results M5 3.36 3.96 4.87 17.56 14.90 29.77
% increase or decrease M6 3.29 3.56 3.54 15.81 5.34 3.39
Compressive Strength
Mixes of Compressive Strength M7 3.21 3.44 3.46 13.71 2.03 1.16
(Mpa)
(%)
Ages 7 28 91 7 28 91
M1 25.81 36.92 38.01 0 0 0
M2 27.39 38.21 38.49 5.77 3.38 1.25
M3 30.44 38.73 39.8 15.21 4.67 4.5
M4 31.01 44.44 44.53 16.77 16.92 14.64
M5 35.58 63.2 63.5 27.46 41.58 40.14
M6 29.25 53.33 53.63 11.76 30.77 29.13
M7 29.05 45.62 45.97 11.15 19.07 17.32

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ISSN No:-2456-2165
 Compressive splitting strength is seen to rise as cement
replacement increases, demonstrating the sustainability
and economic benefits of employing Alccofine and
GGBS.

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